形变马氏体对奥氏体不锈钢封头性能的影响

奥氏体不锈钢因其优异的性能,被广泛应用于石油化工特种设备领域。本文针对常见的形变马氏体致奥氏体不锈钢封头泄露这一失效现象,阐述形变马氏体的产生机理、影响因素以及其对封头性能的影响,并提出相应的预防措施,旨在为不锈钢封头的制造和安全稳定运行提供参考,以减少失效事故的发生。     

几种捕集高比电阻粉尘的电收尘器的机理

详细论述了影响电收尘器收尘效率的主要因素,指出常规电收尘器在捕集高比电阻粉尘时产生反晕现象,从而使收尘效率大大降低,并且提出几种适用于捕集高比电阻粉尘的电除尘结构,对开发新型电收尘器有一定的指导作用。     

Large plasmids governing multiple resistances to heavy metals: A genetic approach∗

Gram negative bacteria classified as Alcaligenes eutrophus and carrying large resistance plasmids (generally two) were found in various industrial sites highly contaminated by heavy metals (Zn⁺⁺, Cu⁺⁺, Co⁺⁺,...). These strains were detected by DNA hybridization with a probe made with a 9kb fragment (ccz⁺ fragment) encoding for resistances to Cd⁺⁺, Co⁺⁺ and Zn⁺⁺, and cloned from plasmid pMOL30. This plasmid was isolated from the representative strain A. eutrophus CH34 which harbours the plasmids pMOL30 (240 kb) and pMOL28 (165 kb). Phenotypes related to pMOL28 and pMOL30 include the tolerance to Cd⁺⁺, Co⁺⁺, Cr0₄ ⁼, Cu⁺⁺, Hg⁺⁺, Ni⁺⁺, Pb⁺⁺ and Zn⁺⁺. The described genetic properties of these plasmids refer to some cloned or mapped functions and to some plasmid rearrangements. Plasmid pMOL85 (250 kb) which is related to pMOL30 was also described. Its host (A. eutrophus DS185) was isolated from a zinc desert. pMOL85 can efficiently self transfer in plasmidfree derivatives.     

QSAR模型内部和外部验证方法综述

验证定量-结构活性相关(QSAR)模型,是保证模型对未知样本的生物活性具有可靠预测能力的重要前提.然而,目前部分QSAR论文没有对模型进行有效验证.因此,本文详细综述QSAR模型的内部验证方法和外部验证方法.内部验证方法包括留一法(leave-one-out,LOO)交叉验证,留多法(leave-many-out,LMO)或留N法(leave-N-out,LNO)交叉验证,y随机化验证和自举法.评价模型外部预测能力的统计量包括Q2F1、Q2F2、Q2F3、一致性相关系数(concordance correlation coefficient,CCC)、r珋2m和Golbraikh-Tropsha方法.此外,从文献中总结出可接受QSAR模型对应的统计量参考数值,从而为QSAR建模者提供指导与帮助.     

改性木质素磺酸盐煤炭抑尘剂的制备与研究

以木质素磺酸盐为主要原料,在50℃的反应条件下,与丙烯酸、氯化钙、四硼酸钠、甲基硅酸钠等发生化学反应,制备了一种铁路煤炭运输抑尘剂,并分别对抑尘剂的部分性能进行评价。结果表明:该产品所能承受的平均压力为7.105 N,2 min的水蚀率为2.1%,初始侵蚀风速为130 km/h,完全能够满足铁路煤炭运输的需求,避免煤炭在运输过程中的扬尘污染和损失;且制作过程简单便捷、无刺激性、无毒副作用。     

反硝化微生物燃料电池的基础研究

在启动双室型反硝化微生物燃料电池的基础上,研究了阴极溶解氧及外电阻对其产电性能和污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,以乙酸钠为阳极电子供体,硝酸钠为阴极电子受体,在25℃的环境温度下,采用先间歇后连续培养的方式,42d内成功启动了反硝化微生物燃料电池.在阴极进水含氧的情况下,氧和硝酸盐可共同用作阴极电子受体.在较小电流密度区域内,氧是阴极的主要电子受体,相应的最大功率密度为26.0W/m3NC;电流密度增加到一定程度后,硝酸盐逐步变为阴极的主要电子受体,相应的最大功率密度为20.9W/m3NC.外阻变化对COD去除及反硝化程度影响较小,阳极COD去除负荷维持在1.2kg/(m3NC·d)左右,出水NO-2-N保持在0.05mg/L以下;但外阻减小有利于提高阴极脱氮效果,外阻为5 Ω时NO-3-N去除负荷达0.111kg/(m3NC·d).     

污泥为燃料的微生物燃料电池运行特性研究

实验采用单室无膜悬浮阴极微生物燃料电池(MFC),考察了运行特性对污泥为燃料的MFC(SMFC)的影响.研究表明,相对于未搅拌情况,搅拌时SMFC最大输出功率由45.94mW/m2分别增加到124.03mW/m2(1300r/min)和136.5mW/m2(2600 r/min),主要是由于搅拌有利于改善SMFC内物质的传递. 温度对SMFC的产电特性影响较明显,但在一定区间内(如20~25℃;30~40℃;45~50℃)变化不明显,说明产电微生物有一定的温度适应范围,这也可能是在不同温度下产电微生物不同导致.相对于采用未经处理的剩余污泥为燃料,微波处理后的污泥和微波处理过滤后的上清液做燃料时SMFC输出功率迅速增加,这主要是由于污泥中的微生物竞争作用引起.阴极面积的增加有利于降低阴极电势,降低SMFC内阻,从而促进功率密度的增加.     

内循环厌氧反应器处理十溴联苯醚

在中低温厌氧条件下,采用IC厌氧反应器降解BDE-209废水。结果表明:在温度为18～30℃,反应器运行62 d,第14天反应器出现颗粒污泥,随着运行时间和容积负荷的增加,颗粒污泥的粒径不断增大。当进水ρ(COD)为11 000 mg/L,控制HRT为24 h,COD容积负荷为11.7 kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率稳定在70%以上,BDE-209降解效率达26.8%。     

An extraction-assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical extraction-gas chromatography

In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) showed better extraction effect when compared with Solid- liquid extraction (SLE), Soxhlet extraction (SE) and Ultrasonic extraction (UE), not only in the rate but also the time. The comparison among these three extraction modifiers, including acetone, ethanol and methanol demonstrated that ethanol was preferred to SFE due to its high extraction effect and low toxicology. In addition, parameter of SFE, influence of temperature and pressure were investigated, and the best extraction effect was achieved at the optima conditions, temperature of 40°C and the pressure of 35 MPa. Thus, SFE is a highly effective method for flavonols extraction, requiring minimum energy and producing non-toxic byproduct. SFE-GC system is applied for the evaluation on flavonols that plays a key role in plant resistance to heavy metal, with its content and synthetase gene expression significantly increasing in plant when threatened by heavy metal. Besides, results indicated that flavonols can improve plant resistance to oxidative stress by quenching the redundant ROS in matrix.

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