中、缅、印交界地区(东喜马拉雅山-横断山) 生物多样性保护研究

在中、缅、印交界的２９．１万ｋｍ＾２区域内，可区划为６种类型区。为保护生物多样性庆在云南境内扩建和新建一批自然区，在三国交界区域建立中、缅、印国际自然保护区，并在缅甸葡萄城建核心地带管理所，在中国昆明建立东喜马拉雅山－横断山揿样性保护中心。中心对本区域内不同类型生态系统的时空分布进行宏观研究，初步确认具有全球意义的原生态区与生态系统，探索跨国界的区域性生物多样性保护与管理途径。     

欧盟环境立法对国际环境合作的影响

在共同的全球利益之下,因社会性因素的紧密联结而结成的较为成熟的区域性组织可以说在环境保护利益上更具有可协调性,并已成为国际环境合作的一种途径.本文通过分析区域性组织-欧洲联盟内部的环境立法,来探析国际环境合作领域.     

坚持理论与时俱进促进防震减灾事业全面健康发展

本文结合当前共产党员先进性教育活动,贯彻科学发展观,从本地实际出发,就坚持理论,把握规律,创新思路,全面促进防震减灾事业发展的有关理论和实践问题进行了分析、探讨.     

深部开采煤岩瓦斯动力灾害统一发生机制及监测技术

为研究深部开采冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出及其复合动力灾害的发生机制,并对其进行有效监测预警,运用事故调研、理论分析、工程实践等方法,分析了我国煤岩瓦斯动力灾害的影响因素,研究了其发生的统一机制和监测技术。结果表明:煤岩瓦斯动力灾害是冲击、突出共性因素和个性因素共同影响下的结果;根据灾害发生过程中能量释放的主体和形式,将煤岩瓦斯动力灾害分为冲击地压、煤与瓦斯突出、冲击-突出型复合动力灾害、突出-冲击型复合动力灾害4种类型;采用多层次统一监测模式,可对深井煤岩瓦斯动力灾害进行全方位连续的统一监测。最后将研究成果应用于煤矿现场实例,效果良好。     

被保护层双重卸压特性研究

为探索复合煤层群保护层开采时在双重卸压条件下被保护层的不同卸压特性,采用物理相似模拟试验和计算机数值模拟来研究其双重卸压规律。对比分析被保护层的膨胀率和卸压率后发现:在双重卸压条件下,被保护层的膨胀变形呈现"M"形态,膨胀率在不同时空下表现出叠加特性;另外,煤岩体的弹性势能因受首采保护层的影响而释放,被保护层卸压率表现出卸压区域边缘不连续而卸压程度和范围均增加的特点。最后,现场测试计算得到被保护层的透气性系数,其变化规律证实双重卸压效果明显。     

三硬条件下孤岛区域大直径钻孔防冲方案优化

忻州窑矿是典型的冲击地压矿井,为确保忻州窑矿8939三硬条件孤岛工作面安全高效回采,采用理论计算的方法,得出在该地质条件下卸压钻孔参数的合理范围,并采用数值模拟方法对理论计算得出的参数范围进行深入研究,得出适合该地质条件下的大直径卸压钻孔优化方案。采用KBD5电磁辐射仪对卸压效果进行了检验,结果表明,经过优化,煤体内电磁辐射强度较原卸压方案降低了15.7%,累计脉冲数降低了16.6%。方案优化后不但提升了卸压效果,而且节省了约690个钻孔和30%的工作量。     

The African food crisis of 1982-1986*

The crisis cannot be attributed to any one cause, but rather it was the product of a number of interacting factors whose precise combination varied between countries. Drought, internal political and economic factors and an unfavourable external economic environment were significant contributory factors. Civil war and externally financed insurgency were primarily responsible for propelling a food crisis into a famine in four out of the six worst affected countries. Within the literature, there is a tendency for writers to emphasize the relative contribution of factors within their own disciplines. So far the literature on the responses, both within country and internationally, is comprised of eye witness accounts by journalists and evaluations by aid agencies of their performance. The international response by governments and the public was massive and unprecedented, but the response by governments, indigenous NGO's and the public within affected countries is often overlooked by the journalistic literature. Generalizations about "the African food crisis" have obscured the considerable diversity amongst countries. This is well illustrated by the experiences of Ethiopia, Kenya and Botswana. This diversity indicates the biased perspectives that arise from focussing on the extreme famines, as in Ethiopia. Research priorities should include studies of systems that coped during the crisis, historical analysis of the crisis, the way early warning information is processed within bureaucratic institutions, environmental degradation and fully integrated analysis of food production and consumption systems.     

Food aid and relief-development strategies*

This paper begins by setting out the main arguments on which a proposal for "relief-development strategies" rest. The second part of the paper is concerned with a discussion of the way the objectives of a "relief-development strategy" might be achieved and the roles emergency food aid might have. In the third part of the paper, a number of strategic issues are discussed. A stylized account is presented of how a broad "relief development strategy" might be mounted. The last part of the paper draws together the discussion by considering how emergency projects should be assessed. If the principles on which this paper are based are accepted, then the evaluation of emergency projects should extend well beyond convention.     

国际水法对长江流域立法的启示和意义

随着长江经济带建设的推进,长江流域治理亟待法治化。由于调整对象、事项和目标方面的相似性,国际水法的理论、原则、规则和实践对于长江流域立法具有重要且有益的参考价值。长江流域立法面临着利益主体多元、生态环境和资源保护任务艰巨以及治理体制机制很不合理三个方面的巨大挑战。国际水法关于生态整体性路径、公平合理利用原则以及流域治理体制机制三个基本方面的理论、法律和指南以及实践,对于长江流域立法有效应对这些挑战具有重要启示。其意义体现在：直接促进长江流域治理的法治化,间接推进中国流域立法与国际水法之间的兼容性;直接示范国内其他流域,间接助推实现我国成为全球生态文明建设重要参与者、贡献者和引领者的战略。     

生态社区建设中环保教育的代际引导机制调查研究

居民既是社区生态环境改善的受益者,也是推动和监督社区环境治理的根本动力.充分利用文献法、入户访谈、问卷调查法及案例分析法,调查生态社区环境治理背景下家庭环保教育的代际引导机制,发现:学生对于室外实践课和手工实践课兴趣很高,比较排斥室内文本形式的环保教育.超过82.4%的家长期望孩子在环保课堂中可以学习到环保知识,超过61%的家长愿意配合学生完成环保课外实践.目的:研究确实有效的家庭环保意识传递方式,为社区、学校的环境教育提供高效的教学方案.