Seasonal variation of organochlorine contaminants in bonito (Sarda sarda L. 1758) and anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus L. 1758) in Black Sea region, Turkey

The concentrations of indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine insecticides were determined in bonito (Sardasarda L. 1758) and anchovy (Engraulisencrasicolus L. 1758) from the Black Sea, Turkey. Concentrations of total indicator PCBs ranged between <1-17.0 in bonito, and <1-17.5 ng/g fresh weight in anchovy, and total of 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-chlorophenyl-ethane and its metabolites’ (DDTs) concentrations ranged between 13.4-26.3, and 2.96-19.0 ng/g fresh weight in bonito and anchovy respectively. PCB 52, p,p′-DDE and endosulfan (α + β) were found dominant in both of the fish species. Except endosulfan, and some DDT metabolites, none of the studied organochlorine pesticides was detected in the fish samples. Concentrations of PCBs in anchovy were found higher than those in bonito, whereas DDT and endosulfan concentrations were found similar in both of the fish species. All of the fish samples had residue concentrations below the maximum residue limits (MRL) recommended by FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius Commission.     

大力发展循环经济 抢占国际竞争高地

中国在后国际金融危机时代要保持国民经济持续稳定快速增长,必须大力发展循环经济,全面提升国际竞争力。中国经济所处的发展阶段决定了不仅要在包括战略性新兴产业的高新技术领域抢占国际竞争的制高点,更要在国内市场需求快速增长的传统产业领域,通过自主创新抢占国际竞争的制高点。     

我国会计准则与国际会计准则无形资产会计处理的比较与分析

在知识经济不断发展的今天,企业无形资产的比例与重要性日益提高,我国现行会计准则中有关无形资产的许多规定与国际会计准则的规定存在明显差异,这便造成无形资产在总体规模、发展水平、经营效率等方面与发达国家有很大差异,而会计信息使用者越来越关注无形资产的状况,以便做出合理的决策。在这种背景下探讨我国无形资产会计准则与国际会计准则的差异具有重要意义。     

ELISA detection of multixenobiotic resistance transporter induction in indigenous freshwater Chironomidae larvae (Diptera): A biomarker calibration step for in situ monitoring of xenobiotic exposure

A new simple and sensitive method to distinguish chemically polluted from unpolluted situations in freshwater ecosystems is reported. For this purpose, Chironomus gr thumni larvae were collected from a polluted urban river downstream a sewage treatment plant. For the first time, ELISA assay was used to semi-quantify the multixenobiotic resistance transporters (MXR) in these small pertinent bioindicators. The use of samples immediately fixed in the field gives a delay to isolate larvae and allows multi-sampling along a longitudinal transect in a river at a given time. Results exhibit an induction of MXR proteins in larvae from the polluted river and a deinduction in larvae maintained 11days in unpolluted water. They show new evidences to use midge larvae in biomonitoring environmental programs. They answer to first biomarker calibration steps for the ongoing development of MXR transporters as a detection tool of xenobiotic impacts on bioindicator invertebrates in their freshwater habitats.     

中国与欧盟的航空安全信息分类法比较

为探讨中国和欧盟政府间进行航空安全信息交换的可行性,从中国和欧盟各自航空安全信息系统的信息结构和报告内容出发,对中国和欧盟的航空安全信息分类法进行比较。结果表明,两个分类法的信息结构是相同的,不同之处在于主题差异、部分差异和属性差异。笔者认为,虽然存在3种差异,但两个分类法都是基于国际民航组织航空安全信息分类法设计的,信息报告内容具有很大的相似性,因此,从信息内容上看,中欧进行航空安全信息交换是可行的。同时,对如何改进我国航空安全信息分类法提出了建议。     

International environmental agreements with support

We augment the standard cartel formation game from non-cooperative coalition theory, often applied in the context of international environmental agreements, with the possibility that singletons support coalition formation without becoming coalition members themselves. We assume their support takes the form of a monetary transfer to the coalition, in order to induce larger coalitions, higher levels of public good provision and higher payoffs. We show that, under mild conditions on the costs and benefits of contributing to the public good (e.g. abatement of greenhouse gas emissions), there exist equilibria with support. Allowing for support increases payoffs to each of three types of agents: members, supporters and free-riders.     

上海市传统产业结构的演进与重构--基于经济社会转型背景下的可持续发展新思路

上海市目前正处于由国内经济中心建设阶段向国际大都市建设阶段转型的关键时期，为确保上海市顺利实现阶段转型。要以全新的思路重组上海的传统产业以适应上述变局。以产业重组理论为指导，以国际大都市建设为目标，在产业结构重构战略上，坚持以第三产业和新兴制造业快速增长为核心；在产业的空间发展战略上，坚持以产业高度和技术优势引领长江三角洲地区加快一体化步伐，瞄准国际产业结构新高，积极参与东亚城市体系的产业分工；在重点产业选择上，优先发展新经济产业簇群、流量经济产业簇群和都市型产业簇群等3大产业簇群。为实现上述构想，在分析了上海市产业结构的演变及其表现特征的基础上，将上海市的产业划分为5大类，分别提出了不同的优化重组方案。     

IEC61511标准及在石化行业安全管理中的应用

功能安全的定量评定技术已成为确保石化行业安全生产的重要手段。针对石化行业普遍存在的功能安全问题,笔者以国际电工学会(IEC)专门制定的功能安全评定标准IEC61508及IEC61511为指导,介绍其标准制定的背景、目的、体系结构以及如何利用标准开展石化行业安全联锁系统(Safety Instrumented System,SIS)的安全与误跳车定量分析。通过对SIS开展定量安全评估,可发现联锁功能存在的安全不足与误跳车现象,对于提高我国石化行业安全生产水平具有重要的促进作用,标准中有关寿命周期功能安全管理方法及重要的工程经验也对提高我国石化安全生产水平具有借鉴作用。     

应对气候变化问题的法律调整机制

气候变化的不确定性决定对于其带来的不良环境影响也不能做出确切的预测。《联合国气候变化框架公约》、《京都议定书》及《关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书》的缔结和生效为各国一致行动提供了国际法上的依据。应当加强气候变化的科学研究，制定实施有效的政策法律措施，同时施加我国的大国影响，推动气候变化问题的国际解决进程。     

A review of WTO and environmental issues

Multiple negotiating rounds of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1947 have conferred economic benefits through liberalized international trade. A growing body of evidence also points to linkages between liberalized trade and damage to the global environment, ecology, and natural resource base. Ironically, the increased economic well-being conferred by trade liberalization ultimately provides the basis for improved environmental protection. It is the interim environmental damage due to trade liberalization that is controversial and needing amelioration. The proposition here is to promote further trade liberalization, but only as long as environmental ethics and sustainability issues are satisfactorily addressed. Trade liberalization should not be permitted at the expense of adequate environmental protection and sustainability. Future WTO rounds need to address both development benefits and environmental ethics issues in a net social welfare maximization setting.