Evident but context-dependent mortality of fish passing hydroelectric turbines

Globally, policies aiming for conservation of species, free-flowing rivers, and promotion of hydroelectricity as renewable energy and as a means to decarbonize energy systems generate trade-offs between protecting freshwater fauna and development of hydropower. Hydroelectric turbines put fish at risk of severe injury during passage. Therefore, comprehensive, reliable analyses of turbine-induced fish mortality are pivotal to support an informed debate on the sustainability of hydropower (i.e., how much a society is willing to pay in terms of costs incurred on rivers and their biota). We compiled and examined a comprehensive, global data set of turbine fish-mortality assessments involving >275,000 individual fish of 75 species to estimate mortality across turbine types and fish species. Average fish mortality from hydroelectric turbines was 22.3% (95% CI 17.5–26.7%) when accounting for common uncertainties related to empirical estimates (e.g., handling- or catch-related effects). Mortality estimates were highly variable among and within different turbine types, study methods, and taxa. Technical configurations of hydroelectric turbines that successfully reduce fish mortality and fish-protective hydropower operation as a global standard could balance the need for renewable energy with protection of fish biodiversity.     

全球化背景下的国际合作与可持续发展

资源和环境问题是人类在实现可持续发展目标过程中面临的共同难题 ,任何国家都不能置身其外。集团和国家利益使人们对可持续发展的认识、实现可持续发展的责任、途径等产生分歧。基于共同利益的国际合作是实现人类可持续发展的必由之路     

Experimental Verification of a New Method for Biotesting Freshwater Bodies by Determining Metallothionein Contents in the Organs and Tissues of Bivalve Mollusks

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

Consideration of some key issues of carbon market development in China

The global carbon market has developed rapidly with two significant trends of globalization and financialization.Deriving economic interest is a nation driven-force behind the international climate negotiation and carbon market.According to deeply analyzed relationships between the carbon market and the key subjects of the climate negotiation,this article reveals that promoting the development of the global carbon market is one of the core interests of developed nations.Based on the background of international carbon market development and domestic carbon market pilots,four suggestions to the key issues of China’s carbon market are provided.The first is that the goal of China’s carbon market should be in line with and contribute to the national objectives and policies addressing climate change.The second is that the Chinese carbon market should mainly target the emission reduction of production-sectors,and contribute to their upgradation and transformation.The third is mat the development of the nation-wide carbon market in China should first take the principle of unbalanced regional development into consideration.The fourth is that linking China’s carbon market to the international market should keep steps in line with international opening-up of China’s financing system.     

“低碳”对未来国际经济竞争的影响分析

发展低碳经济已成为人类社会不可逆转的大趋势,但低碳经济问题背后隐藏着全球经济博弈的诸多层面.低碳经济是规制世界发展格局的新规则,谁把握了发展低碳经济的先机,谁将掌控未来的经济制高点,“低碳”将对未来国际贸易、金融及产业竞争产生重大影响.低碳经济同时为中国带来了机遇和挑战,我国需要在战略和战术上积极应对.     

荷花不同部位浸出液对3种淡水藻类生长的影响

文章探讨了荷花不同部位(茎和叶)浸出液对铜绿微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻及四尾栅藻生长的影响,为利用荷花化感物质减少湖泊富营养化提供基础。结果表明荷花不同部位的浸出液对3种藻类均有抑制作用,荷花叶浸出液抑制效果好于荷花茎浸出液。荷花不同部位浸出液对藻类的半浓度效应(EC5)0各不相同,荷花叶浸出液对四尾栅藻的EC50为4.21 g/L,抑制效果最好;铜绿微囊藻及蛋白核小球藻的EC50值分别为5.35 g/L、9.92 g/L;荷花茎浸出液对铜绿微囊藻、蛋白核小球藻及四尾栅藻的EC50值分别为9.52 g/L、7.28 g/L、6.90 g/L。     

流域土地利用变化的水生态响应研究

流域土地利用变化造成水体物理、化学条件变化,并对诸多水生生物产生影响,进而破坏水系的生态系统结构和功能.研究显示:① 流域土地利用变化将引起水文、底质、生境改变等物理响应,以及水体营养盐、细菌、有毒有害物含量、溶解氧变化等化学响应,分布式水文模型成为研究物理和化学响应的重要工具;② 流域土地利用变化的生物响应表现为水生生物与自然用地类型呈正相关,而与农业用地、城镇用地呈负相关,并且存在明显的尺度效应,统计学分析是主要的研究方法;③ 大尺度的土地利用变化在水文过程下造成河段尺度上的外源物质输入、水文条件、底质结构等物理化学因子变化,是影响水生生物生境的直接原因.存在主要问题:① 流域土地利用变化的生物响应关系机制尚不明晰;② 流域土地利用变化的生物响应是通过物理响应、化学响应来间接作用的,但三者之间的非线性关系十分复杂;③ 水生生物对环境因子变化的敏感性和适用性存在较大差异.因此,未来研究应关注流域水文过程驱动下的物质迁移转化过程及由此带来的物理、化学和生物响应以及三者之间的关系,加强流域水文规律总结和参数率定,构建符合流域特征的参数数据库,并着力构建以保护水生态系统结构与功能为核心的流域山水林田湖系统综合管控模式.      

农业生态补偿的国际经验及启示研究

由于长期的粗放型农业经营模式,中国农业生态系统遭到了极大破坏.根据农业发达国家经验,农业生态补偿是保护农业生态环境,推动农业可持续发展的重要途径.对美国、欧盟、日本等国家的农业生态补偿做法进行经验总结,包括土地休耕计划、农业环境补贴、生态农业认证等.基于国际先进经验,提出相关政策建议,包括健全农业生态补偿法律法规、完善农业生态补偿的投融资模式、明晰自然资源产权关系、因地制宜制定补偿标准等.     

青岛市国际旅游的季节性研究——基于不同的视角

以青岛市国际旅游统计数据为基础,利用X-12- ARIMA和TRAMO/SEATS方法,从国际旅游人数和人均旅游花费两个视角对其季节性问题进行深入分析.研究表明,不同视角下的季节性模式存在显著差异,并进而提出缓解季节性问题的相关建议.     

中小企业信息网络建设研究

通过分析国内中小企业信息网络与咨询服务的现状,论述了建设中小企业信息网络的重要作用,并指出了中小企业信息网络的发展趋势。