活性炭纤维对活性染料的吸附动力学研究

研究了活性炭纤维从水溶液中吸附4种活性染料（活性艳红K-2BP、活性翠蓝KN-G、活性金黄K-3RP、活性黑KN-B）的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,活性炭纤维对4种染料的平衡吸附量q_e均随着初始浓度和温度的增加而升高,相同条件下,q_e的大小顺序为：活性艳红＞活性金黄＞活性黑＞活性翠蓝.吸附过程符合伪二级吸附速率方程,染料分子的空间结构、大小和极性是影响初始吸附速率的主要因素.活性炭纤维对4种染料的吸附活化能都比较低,依次为16 .42、3 .56、5 .21和26 .38 kJ·mol^-1,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主.     

Metal organic frameworks as adsorbents for dye adsorption: overview,prospects and future challenges

Considering the amount of colored waste water generated from many industries (textile, leather, paper, printing, dyestuff, and plastic) that are sent to various water bodies and the ecosystem, the search for efficient and better methods of purification still continues. With the recent research into metal organic frameworks (MOFs), there is a steady growing interest worldwide for their various applications. This article presents a review of MOFs, their application in dye adsorption and their various challenges and future prospects. It was concluded that with the current interest, research and development for various applications, there are possibilities which will bring to limelight more laboratory, industrial and environmental usage of MOFs as dye adsorbents.     

Anaerobic decolorization of an azo dye by a mixed culture

Wool dyeing wastewater contains xenobiotic compounds that can be removed by biotechnological processes. Studies on various dyes showed that anaerobic processes are suitable to alter azo dyes as a first step of the biodegradation process. These compounds are reduced by anaerobic consortia to aromatic amines and its ultimate degradation can be achieved by a further aerobic treatment.

Studies on degradation rate of an wool acid dye were performed in batch systems inoculated with anaerobic biomass. A commercial diazo dye, Acid Red 73, was added to the synthetic medium in which glucose was used as sole carbon source.

Results indicated that the Acid Red 73 was partially degraded by a mixed culture of anaerobic bacteria and a decolorization of 90% was obtained. Kinetics studies on removal of the colour showed that the decolorization rate was several times faster than the degradation rate of glucose for a range of dye concentrations between 60 mg/L and 400 mg/L. A first order kinetic model was used for dye concentrations up to 200 mg/L. For higher concentrations a model similar to the Michaelis‐Menten equation was better fitted to the experimental data.     

Removal of textile dyes from aqueous solution using PEG based aqueous biphasic system

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salt have been examined for the removal of textile dyes from textile effluent. The partitioning of four dyes namely Cibacron Scarlet LS 2G, Rhodamine B, Brown ERN and Astacryl Red 3B was investigated. All the dyes studied were found to partition into the upper PEG rich layer. Sodium carbonate was found to be the most efficient salt for extraction of dyes. Sodium sulphate was found to be marginally less efficient. Sodium chloride did not cause partitioning at all. Partitioning occurred at all pH and was almost pH independent. The partitioning of these dyes in larger volume (100?mL) ABS was also demonstrated. Studies using dye bath effluent were also conducted. In all cases very high efficiencies consistently above 98% were obtained.     

氧化型染发剂对沙蚕的毒性效应及对部分酶活性的影响

在实验室模拟条件下,研究了氧化型染发剂对双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhiteusis Grube)的急性毒性效应及不同暴露浓度(0、40、80、160、320mg·L-1)和暴露时间(0、4、6、8、10d)下对其体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果表明,1)暴露3d后氧化型染发剂对沙蚕的半数致死浓度(LC50)为1849.6mg·L-1;2)沙蚕体内AChE和SOD活性受到氧化型染发剂暴露浓度的显著影响:暴露3d后,随暴露浓度的升高(0～320mg·L-1),AChE和SOD活性均呈先被诱导后逐渐下降的变化趋势;3)沙蚕体内AChE和SOD活性也受到暴露时间的显著影响:40mg·L-1浓度下,随暴露时间的延长(0～10d),SOD活性呈先下降又缓慢上升的趋势,而AChE活性变化没有显著规律;4)通过比较发现,相对于AChE,SOD的活性变化更能反映氧化型染发剂对沙蚕的毒性作用.     

土壤垂向异质性及离子强度对全氟辛酸在饱和农田土壤中运移行为的影响

全氟和多氟化合物(Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances,PFASs)污染已对农田土壤-地下水环境构成严重威胁,掌握农田土壤中PFASs运移行为对准确评估其环境风险具有重要意义.本研究以全氟辛酸(Perfluorooctanoic Acid,PFOA)为代表性PFAS...     

2011年春季沙尘天气影响下上海大气颗粒物及其化学组分的变化特征

于2011年4月28日~5月18日对上海大气中颗粒物的质量浓度及细粒子中的化学组分进行了连续观测,获得了上海受春季沙尘天气影响下大气颗粒物质量浓度和主要化学组分特征.结果表明,沙尘天气中PM10和PM2.5的质量浓度显著高于非沙尘天,最高日均浓度分别达到787.2μg·m-3和139.5μg·m-3,PM2.5/PM10的均值为(32.9±14.6)%(15.6%~85.1%);总水溶性无机离子(TWSⅡ)占PM2.5的质量分数为(27.2±19.2)%(4.8%~80.8%),二次组分SNA(SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4)占TWSⅡ的(76.9±13.9)%(41.9%~94.2%),TWSⅡ和SNA对PM2.5的贡献均小于非沙尘天,而Ca2+的含量比却有明显上升.非沙尘天测得的OC/EC值高于强沙尘天,但低于弱沙尘天.此外分析还得到,沙尘中的高矿尘粒子具有酸性缓冲作用,使得沙尘天颗粒的碱性强于沙尘发生前.非沙尘天SO2-4、NO-3主要以NH4HSO4、(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3的形式存在,沙尘天还会与其他矿物离子结合.     

复极性固定床电解反应器对活性染料的降解

本文用复极性固定床电解反应器对１６种活性染料的脱色降解进行了试验研究。结果表明：染料脱色率在９９．６％以上,出水上清液ＣＯＤ去除率绝大部分在９０％以上,对活性翠蓝ＫＮ－Ｇ和活性深蓝ＫＭ－ＧＲ的铜去除率分别为９７．０％和９９．７％。     

阳离子聚电解质强化絮凝去除活性染料的研究

选用三种活性染料分别配成模拟染料废水,用阳离子聚电解质(PDADMAC)强化絮凝去除活性染料.结果表明,PDADMAC去除活性染料的机理为聚电解质络合絮凝.PDADMAC的阳离子度高,分子量低,疏水性大,脱色去除效果较好.而且,活性染料的脱色去除率随活性染料色度的深浅而不同,表现为活性黑K-BG＞活性艳红K-2BP＞活性嫩黄K-6G.     

污染土壤胶体释放特征及其对锌运移的作用

污染土壤样品采自辽宁省某炼锌企业周边农田。通过室内土柱淋溶实验,研究不同pH和离子强度下土壤胶体的释放特征以及对重金属Zn在土壤中运移的作用。结果表明,土壤胶体的释放均呈现先逐渐增强而后渐弱,并趋于稳定。pH和离子强度对土壤胶体的释放有明显的影响,弱酸(pH=6)条件最有利土壤中胶体的释放,其次是中性(pH=7)和碱性(pH=9)条件,在强酸(pH=4)条件下最弱。随离子强度增加,土壤中胶体的释放能力逐渐减弱。淋出液中胶体结合态Zn浓度均超过总Zn浓度的50%,且淋出液中的总Zn浓度与胶体的浓度相关性显著。经SPSS分析,pH=4、6、7和9时,该线性相关系数r分别为0.749、0.948、0.966和0.927,呈极显著相关关系。钙离子强度为0.001、0.01、0.1和0.5 mmol/L时,相关系数r分别为0.921、0.895、0.947和0.907,也呈现极显著相关关系。说明土壤地下水中Zn的运移主要受胶体释放的控制。