Industrial Tailings in Traunsee (Austria) Revisited: The Status of 1999

Alkaline tailings from a salt work and a soda plant have been pumped into the southernmost part of Traunsee at Ebensee for many decades. A survey in 1981 showed an accumulation of more than 3 × 10⁶ m³ alkaline mud in the Bay of Ebensee and the existence of slumping structures and turbidites in the profundal zone of the lake. A new survey of the industrial tailings has been performed in 1999. Compared to the earlier survey, the accumulation in the Bay of Ebensee has grown to >4 × 10⁶ m³, which suggests an average yearly input of 90 000 m³. Slumping structures and turbidites document the unstable situation of the tailings near the waste inlet. The lake area occasionally affected by the turbidity currents in the profundal zone has increased to 19%. Within the central profundal area these tailings reach <1 m in thickness.     

Radiocesium in North San Francisco Bay and Baja California coastal surface waters

Radiocesium, 137Cs, and rare earth elements (REEs) were determined in suspended material and dissolved fractions of waters across the salinity gradient in North San Francisco Bay (estuary). We describe the variation of this conservative isotope tracer with salinity and sediment load. REE data are used to differentiate marine and terrigenous source terrains for suspended material and dissolved fractions. We estimate that about 1-4 x 10(10) Bq of 137Cs migrates annually on suspended material through the North Bay. In addition, 137Cs concentrations were measured in surface waters off Baja California. Combined in situ water density (sigma(t)) and 137Cs data distinguish between California Current and Gulf of California water, and delineate areas of upwelling, where nutrient-rich, deep Pacific Intermediate water, with little or no 137Cs, is brought to the surface off promontories along Baja California.     

贵州珍稀濒危药用植物与可持续开发利用

通过调查贵州珍稀濒危药用植物的种类、分布、现状及用途，为该省珍稀濒危药用植物的合理开发利用提供依据。采用实地调查、资料查阅、市场调研，然后作出评估与评价。结果表明，贵州珍稀濒危药用植物种类较多，具有良好的开发应用前景。贵州珍稀濒危药用植物的开发利用应走深度开发、可持续利用模式。     

1996年2月3日云南丽江7.0级地震震害调查和损失评估

对1996年2月3日云南丽江7．0级地震进行了震害调查和损失评估，此次地震造成了重大灾害，死亡309人，重伤4070人，轻伤12987人。房屋破坏、室内财产和生命线工程的直接经济损失总计为30．49亿元。     

WATER USE AND WATER CONSERVATION BY THE COPPER MINING INDUSTRY1

ABSTRACT: This paper examines the use of water by copper mines for treating low grade ores. The froth flotation process for treating sulphide ore and the heap leaching process for treating oxide ore are described, and ways of reducing the amount of water used in these processes are discussed. Estimates of the costs reducing water consumption are given. Finally, the circumstances in which it would be desirable for a copper mine to reduce its level of water consumption are considered.     

离子强度和SO2-4对土壤吸附Al的影响

研究了离子强度和SO4^2-对土壤吸附Al的影响，结果表明：在所研究的pH范围内，随着NaCl支持电解质浓度的提高，土壤对Al的吸附量基本保持不变，并且当pH＜3．9时，即土壤表面净电荷为正时，土壤对Al的吸附量仍然很大，超过最大吸附量的50％，而用CaCl2作支持电解质时，当pH＜4．5时，在溶液中CaCl2浓度最高的情况下，Al的吸附量最小，在其余两种浓度条件下则基本相等；当pH＞4．5时，Al的吸附量几乎不受CaCl2浓度变化的影响。SO4^2-的加入对土壤吸附Al没有影响。这些都说明土壤吸附Al的作用机制主要为专性吸附。     

离子液体催化木质素转化制备丁香醛

木质素的高值转化对于生物质的全组分利用具有重要意义,直接关乎生物炼制产业链的经济可行性。离子液体作为一种新型催化剂,具有较高的可设计性、结构稳定性和热稳定性,可用于木质素催化转化制备具有高附加值的小分子产物以提高木质素的利用效率。以乙醇胺类和胍类离子液体为催化剂,考察了木质素种类与用量、催化剂种类与浓度、反应温度和pH值等因素对丁香醛收率的影响。结果表明：当催化剂为乙醇胺四氟硼酸盐[MEA]BF4,木质素与催化剂用量比为2∶1,固液比1∶150,温度160 ℃,pH=4.35,反应6 h后丁香醛收率最高,为9.20%。     

高邮地震台地电阻率观测精度干扰原因分析及排除方法

对高邮台地电NS向ρs的观测精度在2002 07 24雷雨后出现降低的现象进行了分析排查,发现是一交流接触器在遭雷击时烧坏,导致交流电三相中的一相对地漏电,与变压器中的零线形成回路所致。从而排除了配电房漏电的干扰,保证了观测资料的质量。     

对地观测技术在重大自然灾害监测与评估中的应用实例分析

对地观测技术可提供大范围、多时相、高分辨率的海量数据,用于自然灾害的监测与评估有其极大的优越性。本文叙述了对地观测技术在洪涝灾害、沙尘天气、森林火灾的监测与评估和地震形变场研究中的应用,并指出对地观测技术是建立数字减灾系统不可或缺的强大信息源。