腐殖酸树脂处理含Pb^2＋、CU^2＋、Ni^2＋废水的研究

利用泥炭为原料制备腐殖酸树脂.在动态条件下,研究了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的吸附效果及吸附条件.同时探讨了腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的吸附与解吸再生机理,吸附机理研究表明,腐殖酸树脂对重金属离子Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋的主要吸附形式为离子交换吸附和络合吸附.结果表明,在废水pH值为5.0～7.0,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋浓度分别为50 mg/L,经腐殖酸树脂处理,Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋去除率可达98%以上,且处理后废水近中性.含Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋电镀废水经腐殖酸树脂处理后,废水中Pb^2＋、Cu^2＋和Ni^2＋含量显著低于国家排放标准.     

廉价吸附剂处理重金属离子废水的研究进展

随着现代工业的迅速发展，生产过程中排出的有害重金属离子废水日益增加。寻找较为廉价的废水净化材料，对其中有害重金属离子的有效处理已成为环境保护中亟待解决的问题。廉价吸附剂的使用取代了目前成本较高的从溶液中回收重金属离子的方法，同时吸附剂改性会大大提高其吸附量。阐述了壳聚糖、海泡石、膨润土、海藻和泥炭等结构组成、吸附和离子交换性能等，报道廉价吸附剂对一些重金属离子的最大吸附量是：796mgPb／g壳聚糖，1123mgHg／g壳聚糖。92mgcr（Ⅲ）／g壳聚糖，76mgCr（Ⅲ）／g泥炭，41mgPb／g膨润土，558mgCd／g壳聚糖，215mgCd／g海藻。由此展现了廉价吸附剂在重金属离子废水处理过程中的巨大优势和良好的发展前景。     

华北地区城市地下水中主要离子含量升高机理分析——以洛阳市为例

本文以洛阳市为例，讨论了华北地区地下水中主要离子的背景浓度及其形成作用。在此基础上，重点阐述了地下水中Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度升高的若干机理，并对污染源各不相同的三个水源地地下水Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度升高机理进行了定量分析，比较了Ｃａ＾２＋，Ｍｇ＾２＋浓度与其它主要离子浓度的相关特征，研究表明：该区两类地下水主要形成了钙长石和镁榄石的风化作用，地下水中ＣＯ２分压升高，可促进Ｃａ，Ｍｇ硅酸盐，     

Observation of chemical components of PM2.5 and secondary inorganic aerosol formation during haze and sandy haze days in Zhengzhou, China

Mineral dust particles play an important role in the formation of secondary inorganic aerosols, which largely contribute to haze pollution in China.During this study, a haze episode(haze days) and a typical haze process mixed with sandstorm(sandy haze days)were observed in Zhengzhou with a series of high-time-resolution monitoring instruments from November 22 to December 8, 2018.Concentrations of PM_(10) and crustal elements clearly increased in the sandy haze days.Concentrations of gaseous pollutants, metallic elements emitted from anthropogenic sources, nitrate, and ammonium during sandy haze days were slightly lower than those during the haze days but still obviously higher than those during the non-haze days.The sulfate concentrations, the sulfate fractions in PM_(2.5),and the sulfur oxidation ratios significantly increased in the sandy haze days.Heterogeneous reactions dominated the conversion of SO_2 during the haze and sandy haze days.Enhanced SO_2 conversion during the sandy haze days may be attributed to the high concentrations of transition metal ions from the sandstorm when the values of relative humidity(RH) were in 30%–70%, and high O_3 at certain time points.Gas-phase NO_2 oxidation reactions were the main pathways for nitrate formation.In the sandy haze days,higher nitrogen oxidation ratio(NOR) at daytime may be associated with higher RH and lower temperature than those in the haze days, which facilitate the gas-to-particle partitioning of nitrate; higher NOR values at night may be attributed to the higher O_3 concentrations, which promoted the formation of N_2O_5.     

三峡库区澎溪河回水区溶解态金属离子来源和时空分布特征分析

以三峡库区北岸最大支流澎溪河的高阳平湖段为例,探讨随着调水方式导致的水位变化,三峡库区支流金属离子Ca、Zn、Fe、Cr、Pb、Cu和Hg等在时间、水平和垂直空间维度上的分布和动态.在2013年6月5日~2014年5月29日为期1 a的采样周期内于澎溪河长年回水区高阳平湖的4个采样点采样共21次,平均每17.3 d采集一次.水体样品分别采自水体表层(0~0.5 m)、中层和底层(底泥以上0.5 m).冬季水体不分层期间,中层样品采自水深1/2处,分层时则采自温跃层.应用RBR-80220型水质自动分析仪监测各样点水温、电导率、水深等数据.水样采用冷原子吸收法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定各金属质量浓度.运用Excel、SPSS软件进行数据统计分析;以Hg离子为例,利用Matlab软件构建各水位时期金属离子质量浓度分布三维柱状图.结果表明:(1)从水体可溶性金属离子质量浓度角度,澎溪河水质总体较好,Cr、Pb、Cu、Zn和Hg等离子均低于地表水环境质量标准(GB3838-2002)Ⅲ类水质标准相应离子质量浓度;(2)在来源上,Cr、Pb和Cu等离子来源于干流回水;Fe和Zn离子来源于澎溪河内源;Hg离子来源受干流回水和内源影响.金属离子随着温度分层出现质量浓度分层现象;(3)影响高阳平湖电导率的主要物质是非金属离子.     

重庆市北碚城区气溶胶中水溶性无机离子的质量浓度及其粒径分布

为了研究重庆市北碚区城区气溶胶中水溶性无机离子的浓度和分布特征,于2014年3月~2015年2月利用安德森采样器连续采集大气气溶胶分级样品,并用离子色谱法分析了不同粒径(9.00、5.80、4.70、3.30、2.10、1.10、0.65和0.43μm)中Na~+、NH~_4~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、F-、Cl-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-)这9种水溶性无机离子.结果表明,SO_4~(2-)、NH~_4~+、NO_3~-、Cl-、Na~+、K~+主要分布在细粒子中,Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、F-主要分布在粗粒子中.SNA(SO_4~(2-)、NH~_4~+和NO_3~-三者的简称)呈明显单峰型分布,其峰值均出现在0.65~1.10μm的液滴模态,且在细粒子中主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4NO3形式存在.SO_4~(2-)的形成主要来自云内过程,部分来自SO_2的氧化.Na~+、Cl-、Mg~(2+)在粗、细粒子中呈双峰型分布;K~+在0.43~1.10μm呈单峰型分布;F-、Ca~(2+)在粗粒子中出现峰值.观测期间,PM2.1和PM9.0中总水溶性离子的年均质量浓度分别为(32.68±15.28)μg·m~(-3)和(48.01±19.66)μg·m~(-3),且浓度具有相似季节变化特征,均表现为冬季春季夏季秋季.大部分离子(Na~+、NH~_4~+、K~+、Cl-、NO_3~-、SO_4~(2-))浓度表现为冬春季偏高,夏秋季偏低;而少数离子(F-、Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+))浓度在秋季最低,其他季节浓度变化稍有不同.SNA是PM2.1中最主要的水溶性离子;而PM9.0中水溶性离子的主要成分除了SNA外,还包括Ca~(2+).PM2.1和PM9.0中阳离子总浓度明显高于阴离子,且不同离子间均具有一定的相关性.主成分分析结果表明,该地区水溶性离子的主要来源包括机动车尾气的排放源、燃烧源、土壤源和建筑道路扬尘.分析气象因素的影响,发现气温对二次离子的生成有明显关系(P0.05),而相对湿度、风速的影响则不显著(P0.05).     

Preparation and characterization of a novel hybrid chelating material for effective adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ)

The discharge of heavy metal ions such as Cu~2+and Pb~2+poses a severe threat to public health and the environment owing to their extreme toxicity and bioaccumulation through food chains Herein, we report a novel organic–inorganic hybrid adsorbent, Al(OH)_3-poly(acrylamide dimethyldiallylammonium chloride)-graft-dithiocarbamate(APD), for rapid and effectiv removal of Cu~2+and Pb~2+. In this adsorbent, the "star-like" structure of Al(OH)3 poly(acrylamide-dimethyldiallylammonium chloride) served as the support of dithiocarbamat(DTC) functional groups for easy access of heavy metal ions and assisted development of larg and compact floccules. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis(TGA). APD was demonstrated to hav rapid adsorption kinetics with an initial rate of 267.379 and 2569.373 mg/(g·min) as well a superior adsorption capacities of 317.777 and 586.699 mg/g for Cu~2+and Pb~2+respectively. Th adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic, involving intraparticle diffusion and chemical interaction between heavy metal ions and the functional groups of APD. To assess it versatility and wide applicability, APD was also used in turbid heavy metal wastewater, and performed well in removing suspended particles and heavy metal ions simultaneously through flocculation and chelation. The rapid, convenient and effective adsorption of Cu~2+and Pb~2+give APD great potential for heavy metal decontamination in industrial applications.     

湿法烟气脱硫系统中氧化态汞的还原和影响机制综述

利用湿法脱硫系统协同脱除二价汞是当前燃煤烟气脱汞的重要方法。然而脱硫系统是一个还原系统,吸收进入脱硫浆液中的二价汞会发生再次还原,显著降低汞的脱除效率。就脱硫浆液中二价汞的还原问题,详细阐述了当前研究者在液相二价汞的还原机制、液相离子、气相条件和操作条件等对二价汞还原的影响方面的研究进展。     

New insight into adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge for heavy metals

The adsorption characteristics and mechanisms of the biosorbent from waste activated sludge were investigated by adsorbing Pb2+and Zn2+in aqueous single-metal solutions. A p H value of the metal solutions at 6.0 was beneficial to the high adsorption quantity of the biosorbent. The optimal mass ratio of the biosorbent to metal ions was found to be 2. A higher adsorption quantity of the biosorbent was achieved by keeping the reaction temperature below 55°C. Response surface methodology was applied to optimize the biosorption processes, and the developed mathematical equations showed high determination coefficients(above 0.99 for both metal ions) and insignificant lack of fit(p = 0.0838 and 0.0782 for Pb2+and Zn2+, respectively). Atomic force microscopy analyses suggested that the metal elements were adsorbed onto the biosorbent surface via electrostatic interaction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses indicated the presence of complexation(between –NH2,-CN and metal ions) and ion-exchange(between –COOH and metal ions). The adsorption mechanisms could be the combined action of electrostatic interaction, complexation and ion-exchange between functional groups and metal ions.     

铁离子与其他金属离子间共效应对生化反应处理效果的影响研究

采用海绵铁填充的SBR反应器,以模拟生活污水为处理对象,通过实验研究外加Mg2＋、Mn2＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋和Al3＋等金属离子对生物海绵铁体系去除污水中COD、NH3－N、TP等效果的影响。结果表明,低浓度的Mg2＋、Al3＋对生物海绵铁体系对COD、NH3－N、TP的去除效率一直保持在一个稳定的、较良好的水平;Zn2＋对体系去除NH3－N及低浓度的Mn2＋对体系对TP的去除都存在时间－浓度累积效应;Cu2＋对生物海绵铁体系对COD、NH3－N特别是对TP的去除有很强的抑制作用。