2010年洱海全湖氮负荷时空分布特征

为探讨不同来源的氮负荷对洱海水体富营养化的贡献,对洱海入湖河流、干湿沉降和沉积物内源等来源的氮的负荷、形态及其时空变化特征进行了研究. 结果表明:与2008年相比,2010年洱海入湖TN负荷下降了28%. 入湖河流是TN负荷的主要来源,占总入湖负荷的37%;入湖河流TN负荷与ρ(TN)、ρ(Chla)呈极显著正相关;入湖河流TN负荷以NO₃--N为主,占39%. 入湖河流氮负荷季节性变化明显,7月最高;区域性差异较大,北部3条河流是主要来源,其中弥苴河入湖TN负荷占入湖河流TN负荷的57%. 沉积物内源TN负荷占总入湖负荷的29%,NH₄+-N负荷占内源TN负荷的98%,并且与水体ρ(Chla)呈显著正相关. 沉积物中TN和NO₃--N扩散通量北部湖区最高,NH₄+-N扩散通量南部湖区最高;TN扩散通量9月最高、12月最低. 干湿沉降入湖TN负荷以NH₄+-N为主,季节性变化明显,6月最高. 控制洱海外源入湖氮负荷,应以雨季之初为关键时期,以弥苴河及其流域为重点区域,兼顾坝区农业种植结构调控,同时应加强湖泊水体生态修复,控制内源释放.      

Phytoaccumulation of iron by callus tissue of Clerodendrum indicum (L)

Clerodendrum indicum (L.) is one of the important medicinal plants, originating in India. The plant is used as medicine for bronchitis, asthma and different immunological disease. Micro-propagation is a quick method, producing a huge number of plants. Apical leaf of Clerodendrum indicum (L.) was used as an explant for callogenesis. The combinations of different plant growth regulators (2,4-D, NAA, KN) in MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium produced two types of calli: one was friable and loose and the other was green, embryogenic and compact. Heavy metals cause pollution and health hazards. The plant absorbs heavy metals, which is very useful for controlling environmental pollution. Iron is a major nutrient for both plants and animals, but hyper accumulation of iron is injurious to health. Calli were used to study the optimum conditions of iron uptake in presence of different chemical environments. The different environments were created by using different chemical reagents such as (HCL, HNO₃, H₃PO₄ and KNO₃). Iron (III) was spiked with radioactive Fe-59 and dynamics of uptake was followed by measuring radioactivity by gamma-ray spectrometer. The best condition of iron uptake corresponded to 1 mol L^?1 KNO₃ after 4 hour of equilibration.     

Acid mine drainage attenuation by inhibition of pyrite bioleaching using limestone and olive pomace

The control and inhibition of pyrite bioleaching involved in the generation of acid mine drainage was studied. Inhibition of pyrite bioleaching was performed by varying the pyrite concentration in the medium (substrate inhibition) and/or by addition of limestone (inhibition by pH increase) and olive pomace (inhibition by organic compounds). Inhibition tests of pyrite bioleaching were performed according to a full factorial design with three factors (pyrite, limestone and olive pomace) taken at two levels. Preliminary pyrite bioleaching tests showed the ability of the available inoculum to oxidise the mineral. Subsequently, experimental data for total soluble iron denoted strong inhibition under all the different operating conditions of the factorial design, except when larger pyrite concentrations were used. In particular, inhibition by limestone was due to the increase in pH which negatively affects microorganisms, while inhibition by olive pomace may be related to the antioxidant properties of polyphenols. Interactions among operating conditions were specifically assessed by analysis of variance. Only limestone and/or pomace addition resulted in a significant (95%) diminution of iron extraction.     

Color removal efficiency of dyes using nanozerovalent iron treatment

In this study, zerovalent iron nanoparticles (Fe⁰) were synthesized by chemical reduction method using ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl₃?·?6H₂O) as a starting material. Sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) was used as a reducer. The synthesized nanozerovalent iron (NZVI) was separated using magnets. The X-ray diffraction pattern of iron (Fe) nanoparticles showed that the presence of intensive diffraction peak at 2θ value of 45.33° from the lattice plane of face-centered cubic Fe unequivocally indicates that the particles are made of pure Fe. The size of the synthesized NZVI was found to be 16.64?nm. The scanning electron micrograph revealed that the particles have a hexagonal and spherical shape in nature. EDX showed the surface atomic distribution and chemical composition of NZVI. The decolorization efficiency rose with increasing concentration of nanoparticles as well as with time. Maximal color removal efficiency was 90.72% when using 0.5?g/100?mL Fe nanoparticle for acridine orange. Data revealed that the function of NZVI on color removal efficiency was statistically significant. The correlation coefficient between NZVI concentration and time showed a strong negative correlation for dyes used in the experiment.     

Speciation studies on simulated gastro‐intestinal digests of foodstuffs†

The factors affecting the solubilisation of metals during digestion of food have been examined in a two‐stage model system comprising simulated gastric and intestinal juices. The solubilisation of iron, copper and zinc was examined in digests of white and wholemeal bread. Zinc solubility was principally governed by pH and the simulated digestion had little additional effect. In contrast both iron and copper solubility were markedly affected by digestion of the bread. In the case of copper the enzymolysis increased solubility appreciably at neutral pH. All of the cadmium in a simulated gastric digest of canned crab meat was associated with soluble low molecular weight species of less than 1000 daltons. Cadmium solubility resulted from the acidic conditions of the digest rather than enzymatic solubilisation of binding proteins. Ninety percent of the cadmium in the digest became rebound to the insoluble fraction on adjustment to pH7.0. Subsequent simulated intestinal digestion increased the level of soluble cadmium to 20%; 1.0–1.5% was associated with soluble species in the range 26,000–37,000 daltons and 15.0–20.0% with soluble species of less than 3,000 daltons.     

零价铁还原和过硫酸盐氧化联合降解水中硝基苯

将零价铁(Fe0)的还原和过硫酸盐(persulfate,PS)的高级氧化技术结合用于水中难降解有机污染物硝基苯的去除.研究结果表明,Fe0在常温常压下可将硝基苯还原生成苯胺,随着Fe0投加量的增加,硝基苯还原为苯胺的速率逐渐增大.PS本身对硝基苯氧化作用不明显,但在Fe0与PS二者联合体系中,硝基苯和苯胺同时被去除,而且随着PS投加量的增加二者被去除的速度也随之增加.在Fe0还原和PS氧化联合处理硝基苯的体系中可能存在两个过程,一是Fe0还原硝基苯产生苯胺和二价铁离子Fe2+,二是Fe2+催化PS产生强氧化性的硫酸根自由基将苯胺氧化降解.     

生物硫铁生成菌的选育及其在重金属废水处理中的应用

为开发高效经济、环境友好的重金属废水处理技术,采用亨盖特(Hungate)厌氧技术分离出一株产生物硫铁复合材料的硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate reducing bacteria,SRB),命名为SRB2,并对该菌株进行了生理特性、培养工艺和废水处理研究.菌体杆状稍有弯曲,革兰氏阴性菌,最佳碳源为乳酸钠.pH范围5.0～9.0,最适pH 7.0,最适温度为35℃,培养3 d生物硫铁量和硫化物含量能达最大值,分别为2.85 g L-1、358.048 mg L-1.正交试验结果表明,乳酸钠9.0 g L-1+组合氮源1.5 g L-1+硫酸亚铁10.0 g L-1时生物硫铁产量最高.16S rDNA序列分析表明,菌株与脱硫弧菌属Desulfovibriodesulfuricans strain 734同源性为99%.采用生物硫铁处理重金属Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+废水,结果表明生物硫铁能快速处理含Cu2+、Pb2+、Cd2+废水,2 min去除率达99.8%以上.因此,生物硫铁在各类重金属废水处理与重金属废水污染事故应急处理中具有较好的应用前景.     

钢铁企业教育管理对职工素质影响的分析

钢铁企业的全面协调可持续发展,需要员工拥有丰富的专业知识,把员工的专业知识与企业的全面发展结合在一起,为企业实现可持续发展创造良好的基础条件;钢铁企业员工教育管理过程中缺乏相应的制度管理,当前需要建立完善激励机制,为企业提升教育质量、降低人力资源管理成本奠定基础。     

3GY型粉体无尘装车机的开发与应用

应用自主知识产权,采用“密闭输送、最小落差、零匝输送、软连接和科学运行管理”技术,科学组合,研究开发成功粉体无尘装车机,科学消除了高温,高压、高料位条件下贮仓放料,常规除尘器出灰和粉体转输与装车的粉尘污染与资源流失。     

沈阳黄家傍河水源地河水入渗过程中氧化还原分带规律

在分析沈阳市黄家傍河水源地地质及水文地质条件的基础上,通过场地监测-室内实验相结合的方法,对黄家水源地河水入渗过程孔隙水氧化还原分带规律进行研究.结果表明：辽河河床沉积带在河水入渗途径上存在氧化还原分带,在水流垂向入渗的初始0~20cm、20~80cm、80~90cm及后续范围内依次存在O₂-NO₃^-混和还原带、锰氧化物还原带和铁氧化物还原带;反应中河水中溶解有机碳不能提供足够的电子还原氧化剂,溶解至入渗水流中的沉积物有机碳与河水溶解有机碳一起作为碳源参与了氧化还原反应.