利用废铁屑处理含铬废水试验研究

通过研究在酸性条件下利用废铁屑处理剧毒的六价铬电镀废水的工艺条件 ,在最佳条件下废水中六价铬去除率达99 %以上 ,出水总铬含量为0.040mg/l,六价铬含量为0.002mg/l,大大低于国家排放标准0.500mg/l。     

表面漆对地板材料火灾初期热释放特性影响的研究

漆与木材是两种不同性质的材料,带有表面漆和不带表面漆的木地板在火灾初期的热释放特性有所不同。本文利用锥形量热计对不同辐射能量条件下的两类木地板的释热特性了实验研究,发现漆对木地板的点燃性和点燃初期的释热特性有较大的影响。这种影响与木材的种类和外部辐射能量的大小有密切的关系。     

In situ sequential treatment of a mixed contaminant plume

Groundwater plumes often contain a mixture of contaminants that cannot easily be remediated in situ using a single technology. The purpose of this research was to evaluate an in situ treatment sequence for the control of a mixed organic plume (chlorinated ethenes and petroleum hydrocarbons) within a Funnel-and-Gate. A shallow plume located in the unconfined aquifer at Alameda Point, CA, was found to contain up to 218,000 μg/l of cis-1,2 dichloroethene (cDCE), 16,000 μg/l of vinyl chloride (VC) and <1000 μg/l of 1,1 dichloroethene (1,1 DCE), trans-1,2 dichloroethene (trans-1,2 DCE) and trichloroethene (TCE). Total benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (BTEX) concentrations were <10,000 μg/l. Contaminated groundwater was funneled into a gate, 3.0 m wide, 4.5 m long and 6.0 m deep (keyed into the underlying aquitard) where treatment occurred. The initial gate segment consisted of granular iron, for the reductive dechlorination of the higher chlorinated ethenes. The second segment, the biosparge zone, promoted aerobic biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons and any remaining lesser-chlorinated compounds, stimulated by dissolved oxygen (DO) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) additions via an in situ sparge system (CO₂ was used to neutralize the high pH produced from reactions in the iron wall). Groundwater was drawn through the gate by pumping two wells located at the sealed, downgradient, end. Over a 4-month period an estimated 1350 g of cDCE flowed into the treatment gate and the iron wall removed 1230 g, or 91% of the mass. The influent mass of VC was 572 g and the iron wall removed 535 g, corresponding to 94% mass removal. The other chlorinated ethenes had significantly lower influent masses (3 to 108 g) and the iron wall removed the majority of the mass resulting in >96% mass removal for any of the compounds. In spite of these high removal percentages, laboratory column tests indicated that at these levels of chlorinated contaminants, surface saturation of the iron grains likely contributed to lower than expected reaction rates. In the biosparge zone, mass removal of cDCE appeared to occur predominantly by biodegradation (65%) with volatilization (35%) being an important secondary process. The dominant removal process for VC was volatilization (70%) although significant biodegradation was also indicated (30%). Laboratory microcosm results confirmed the potential for aerobic biodegradation of cDCE and VC. When average influent field concentrations for cDCE and VC were 220,000 and 46,000 μg/l, respectively, the sequential treatment unit removed 99.6% of the total mass and when the influent concentrations decreased to 26,000 and 19,000 μg/l for cDCE and VC, respectively, >99.9% removal within the treatment gate was attained. BTEX compounds were found to be significantly retarded in the iron treatment zone. Although they did eventually break through the granular iron, and into the gravel transition zone, none of these compounds was detected in the biosparge zone. No noticeable interferences between the anaerobic (reductive) and aerobic parts of the system occurred during testing. The results of this experiment show that in situ treatment sequences are viable, although further work is needed to optimize performance.     

铁促电解法处理垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物

采用铁促电解法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液;考察了FeSO₄浓度、初始pH值、电流(电压)对污染物去除的影响.结果表明,与传统电解氧化降解有机物相比,铁促电解显著提高了有机污染物的去除效率;FeSO₄浓度越大,有机物去除效果越高;电解介质合理的初始pH值为3.0～4.0;铁促电解对渗滤液COD_Cr与NH₃^-N的去除率分别为68.37%,89.07%,色度和浊度的去除率大于98%.     

散射光下铁(Ⅲ)-丙酮酸盐配合物还原铬(Ⅵ)的研究

研究了在散射光下铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物对铬（Ⅵ）的光还原反应;考察了溶液pH、铁（Ⅲ）、丙酮酸钠、铬（Ⅵ）浓度对反应的影响;分析了铬（Ⅵ）光还原反应的动力学。实验结果表明：铁（Ⅲ）-丙酮酸盐配合物体系能在较弱的散射光下还原铬（Ⅵ）。在铬（Ⅵ）浓度为19．2μmol／L、铁（Ⅲ）浓度为10．0μmol／L、丙酮酸钠浓度为240μmol／L、pH为3．0、光照240min的条件下,铬（Ⅵ）的还原率达到99．7％。从表观动力学方程的反应级数看,铁（Ⅲ）的级数（0．83）最高,铁（Ⅲ）浓度是影响铬（Ⅵ）光还原反廊速率的主要因素．铁（Ⅱ）是铬（Ⅵ）光还原的主要还原剂。     

生物除磷过程厌氧释磷的代谢机理及其动力学分析

运用充分曝气后的好氧末端活性污泥进行了厌氧释磷实验.结果表明,在厌氧释磷过程中VSS呈现出上升的趋势,而MLSS及灰分均呈现出下降的趋势.当微生物体内的糖原耗尽时,会引起厌氧吸收HAc及释磷过程的中断.得出ΔρPΔρPHB、ΔρGLYΔρPHB、ΔρPΔCOD、ΔρPHBΔCOD各比值的平均值分别为0.48、0.50、0.44、0.92.通过对厌氧吸收HAc及释磷动力学过程进行模拟,得到QHAc,max为164mg·g-1·h-1,QP,max为69.9mg·g-1·h-1,KGYL为0.005,KCOD为3mg·L-1.ΔρPΔCOD与溶液中pH呈明显的线性关系,且得到了二者之间的线性方程.     

铁硫化物对高砷地下水中As(Ⅲ)的去除效果研究

高砷地下水具有极高的毒性,人类长期饮用高砷地下水可造成砷中毒.在查明山阴地区高砷地下水污染特征的基础上,将室内批试验与PHREEQC软件数值模拟相结合,考察了投料比、pH值对铁硫化物除砷效果的影响,为原位修复高砷地下水工艺确定了最佳条件.结果表明:山阴地区砷超标地下水样的pH值为7.6?8.5,总砷浓度为17～242 ...     

潮间带沉积物/大气Hg的释放的模拟研究

研究了潮间带沉积物中的Hg向大气的释放,结果表明光照造成沉积物中的Hg快速向大气释放.光照8 h后,海泊河口和黄河口沉积物释放到大气中的Hg分别占58%和51%,其释放通量总体上遵循先升高后降低的规律,前者在13:00～14:00达到最大值2 830μg/(m2·h),后者在12:00～13:00达到最大值73μg/(m2·h);海泊河口沉积物Hg的释放通量与大气温度、沉积物温度和光照强度的相关系数分别为0.83(P＜0.05)、0.98(P＜0.01)和0.73(P＜0.05),黄河口沉积物Hg的释放通量与大气温度、沉积物温度和光照强度的相关系数分别为0.73(P＜0.05)、0.80(P＜0.05)和0.81(P＜0.01),温度、光照对沉积物Hg的释放有重要的影响.     

零价铁对污泥高温厌氧消化过程中四环素抗性基因及第一类整合子的消减影响

为研究污泥高温厌氧消化过程中零价铁(Fe0)对抗生素抗性基因的消减影响,采用荧光定量PCR方法定量检测了7种四环素抗性基因(TC-ARGs,包括tetA、tetC、tetG、tetM、tetO、tetW和tetX)及第一类整合子int I1基因在厌氧消化过程中的丰度变化,同时检测分析了挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs)的质量浓度变化,并探讨了目标基因与VFAs之间的相关关系.结果表明,适量Fe0(如0.10 g·g~(-1),以Fe0/VSS计)不仅可以强化污泥厌氧消化进程,显著提高总VFAs和乙酸的产生量,而且能够增强TCARGs和int I1基因的消减效果.尽管如此,过量Fe0(如1.17 g·g~(-1),以Fe0/VSS计)对污泥高温厌氧消化过程中TC-ARGs和int I1基因消减的增强效果并不显著,推测可能是由于基因水平转移的发生所导致的.通过相关性分析可知,TC-ARGs(除tetO基因外)和int I1基因与乙酸之间存在显著负相关性,表明乙酸可能对TC-ARGs和int I1基因的消减具有促进作用.     

钢铁企业资源综合利用与绿色发展

把生态理论引入太钢,将企业生产过程中的资源、能源、产品、废弃物等全部视为钢铁生态链中的一个物种,通过循环利用和产业链延伸实现了全流程的清洁、高效和企业的绿色发展。