文山县饮用水水源铁锰超标调查研究、处理方法及建议

结合文山县当前饮用水源中铁锰超标的实际情况,分析了周边环境对文山县饮用水水源地的影响,阐述了饮用水中铁、锰超标对人体健康的危害,提出了解决饮用水中铁锰超标问题的必要性和可行方法,并提出相关的对策和建议。     

Pah characteristics in ambient air within a steel industrial complex

Ambient air samples at ten sites in an iron and steel industrial complex were collected from June to December for analyzing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Sixteen species of PAH components in air samples were identified. The results indicate that both gaseous phase and particle‐bound PAHs at the top of the cokemaking plants are unusually high. The profiles of particle‐bound PAHs indicate that the predominant species at the top of, the coke oven batteries are those of high molecular weight components. The major components of particle‐bound PAHs at sampling sites near the fenceline, however, include the medium molecular weight components. The PAH profiles of air samples within the industrial complex show a strong similarity to those of cokemaking plant samples. The concentrations and the specific content of benzo(a)pyrene in the iron and steel industrial complex are higher than those values measured in urban area, petrochemical industry park, and open‐air burning area.     

若干典型岩性区域沉积物金属元素地球化学特征比较研究

研究了４种成片分布的典型岩性（页岩、石灰岩、花岗岩、黄土）区域沉积物金属元素（Ｌｉ、Ｎａ、Ｋ、Ｃａ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ、Ｔｉ、Ｖ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ、Ｃｏ、Ｎｉ、Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ、Ａｌ等共１６种）总量与形态特征．结果表明：这４种岩性区域沉积物金属元素含量与形态均有显著的差别．与其它岩性相比，黄土地区易迁移元素含量高，而重金属含量显著较低；其金属元素残渣态含量高，而有机态、铁锰氧化物态和可交换态含量低．石灰岩地区重金属含量较高，而易迁移元素如Ｎａ，Ｓｒ等含量则较低；其重金属元素残渣态含量不偏低，表明经风化作用释放出来的重金属参与了次生矿物的形成过程而得以富集．花岗岩地区重金属含量居中，而Ｆｅ和Ａｌ含量较高；其金属元素残渣态含量不偏高则与风化作用较强有关．页岩地区元素含量与形态均居中，代表了各种岩性的平均水平．     

还原铁粉/紫外光体系对活性艳红X-3B溶液的脱色

研究了在紫外杀菌灯（λmax=253．7nm,30W）照射下,添加还原铁粉的活性艳红X－3B水溶液的脱色作用。当pH=3．5,铁粉投加量为2．0g／L时,20mg／L活性艳红X－3B溶液在光照180min后的脱色率为79％。脱色为动力学零级反应。染料溶液的pH、铁粉投加量、活性艳红初始浓度对脱色有影响。初步探讨了脱色反应的机理。     

微量Fe3+对过氧化氢异丙苯热稳定性影响研究

为研究微量铁离子（Fe³⁺）对过氧化氢异丙苯（CHP）热稳定性的影响,采用绝热加速量热仪（ARC）对CHP及含4种不同浓度Fe3+的CHP进行了绝热分解测试,测试分析了5个样品在绝热条件下的起始分解温度（To,s）、绝热温升（ΔTad,s）、最大温升速率（mm,s）和最大温升速率到达时间（θm,s）等参数,并利用热惰性因子Φ对实验数据进行了修正。研究结果表明:在绝热条件下,微量Fe3+的存在对CHP分解的To,s,ΔTad,s,mm,s和θm,s均有较大影响,且浓度不同对各参数的影响不一样;Fe³⁺的存在增加了CHP分解的剧烈程度,且浓度越大,CHP分解越剧烈,其热分解失控可能性越大,危险性越高;储存运输CHP时要避免与高浓度的Fe³⁺接触。研究结果可为CHP的热稳定性安全提供一定参考。     

不同铁营养状况下根系特征及蒸腾对黄瓜幼苗吸收镉的影响

采用营养液培养方法,研究了不同铁营养状况下的根系形态变化及蒸腾作用对不同品种黄瓜幼苗吸收镉的影响.结果表明,不加铁处理对地上部生物量的影响大于对根系的影响,并且不同品种间生物量差异显著.不加铁处理和低水平铁处理时,黄瓜根长变长、根表面积变大.与不加铁处理相比,加铁处理显著抑制了黄瓜根系对镉的吸收,中农5号(缺铁敏感黄瓜品种)和津春4号(缺铁不敏感黄瓜品种)每克根对镉的吸收量分别降低了25.5%~45.5%和28.8%~55.0%;但却增加了镉向地上部的转运,镉在叶中的分配系数分别增加了2.2~3.6倍(中农5号)和2.6~3.7倍(津春4号).缺铁敏感的中农5号吸镉总量与根长、根表面积都呈显著正相关性,而缺铁不敏感的津春4号吸镉总量与根长、根表面积之间的关系不显著.不管是中农5号还是津春4号,其蒸腾速率与每克根吸收镉的量均呈显著的正相关关系.不同铁营养状况影响了黄瓜幼苗的根系形态和蒸腾速率,从而影响了根系对镉的吸收,高铁水平显著抑制了黄瓜根系对镉的吸收.     

铁促电解法处理垃圾渗滤液中有机污染物

采用铁促电解法处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液;考察了FeSO₄浓度、初始pH值、电流(电压)对污染物去除的影响.结果表明,与传统电解氧化降解有机物相比,铁促电解显著提高了有机污染物的去除效率;FeSO₄浓度越大,有机物去除效果越高;电解介质合理的初始pH值为3.0～4.0;铁促电解对渗滤液COD_Cr与NH₃^-N的去除率分别为68.37%,89.07%,色度和浊度的去除率大于98%.     

二价铁活化过硫酸盐降解土壤中十溴联苯醚

研究了Fe2+活化过硫酸钠产生的硫酸根自由基降解土壤中十溴联苯醚（PBDE-209）的效果,分别考察了Na2S2O8的用量、初始pH值、Na2S2O8与Fe2+摩尔比例、反应时间4个因素对降解效果的影响。通过正交实验确定了降解污染物的最优条件。结果表明,在Na2S2O8用量为0.8 mmol·kg-1,初始pH为5,Na2S2O8与Fe2+摩尔比为2：1,反应时间为30 min的最优条件下,降解率达96.36%。分子探针竞争实验表明体系中产生了硫酸根自由基。Fe2+活化过硫酸钠降解PBDE-209反应过程符合一级反应动力学。     

河北省钢铁工业主要大气污染物减排潜力分析

通过对河北省钢铁工业存在问题的分析,得出我省钢铁行业主要大气污染物为二氧化硫和粉尘.结合我省钢铁企业的实际情况,从工程技术、政策管理等方面提出相应治理措施,并对"十一五"期间我省钢铁行业二氧化硫和粉尘减排效益进行预测.预测结果显示:采用所建议的减排措施后,我省钢铁工业二氧化硫减排量对全省"十一五"减排计划的贡献率为81.4%;粉尘可减排60%.     

The dynamics of arsenic in four paddy fields in the Bengal delta

Irrigation with arsenic contaminated groundwater in the Bengal Delta may lead to As accumulation in the soil and rice grain. The dynamics of As concentration and speciation in paddy fields during dry season (boro) rice cultivation were investigated at 4 sites in Bangladesh and West Bengal, India. Three sites which were irrigated with high As groundwater had elevated As concentrations in the soils, showing a significant gradient from the irrigation inlet across the field. Arsenic concentration and speciation in soil pore water varied temporally and spatially; higher As concentrations were associated with an increasing percentage of arsenite, indicating a reductive mobilization. Concentrations of As in rice grain varied by 2-7 fold within individual fields and were poorly related with the soil As concentration. A field site employing alternating flooded-dry irrigation produced the lowest range of grain As concentration, suggesting a lower soil As availability caused by periodic aerobic conditions.