Elements of Carbon Balance in Oligotrophic Bogs

Elements of carbon balance of oligotrophic bogs were studied using an example of the landscape profile of the Klyuch River in 1998–2000. Carbon balance was preliminarily calculated taking into account the biological productivity, release of carbon dioxide and methane, and carbon outflow with bog waters. Based on the data obtained on the carbon inflow and outflow, the conclusion was made concerning the progressive peat formation in the region studied.     

F/M对活性污泥微生物生态网络的影响

为深入理解有机负荷率(F/M)对活性污泥(AS)微生物群落的影响,以F/M(以BOD/MLVSS计,下同)设计建议范围0.2～0.5 kg·(kg·d)-1为依据,将采集的AS样品分为3组,运用基于随机矩阵理论(RMT)的网络分析方法,解析了不同F/M条件下的AS微生物生态网络拓扑性质及结构特征.结果表明,较低的F/M...     

Preparation and performance of photocatalytic regenerationable activated carbon prepared via sol-gel TiO2

Preparation of photocatalytic regenerationable activated carbon （AC） is the key step for the practical application of in situ regeneration of exhausted AC. A novel photocatalytic regenerationable AC was prepared by sol-gel TiO2 in this work. The adsorption and regeneration performance of TiO2/AC were evaluated using phenol as model compound. Scanning electron microscope （SEM） and nitrogen （77 K） adsorption isotherm were used to determine the surface area, pore structure and the distribution of TiO2. The results showed that with the increase of TiO2 loading, adsorption capacity of TiO2/AC decreased and the regeneration efficiency increased. The photocatalytic regenerationable AC with suitable TiO2 loading （2 wt%） exhibited suitable adsorption capacity and regeneration efficiency. TiO2 located mainly in the entrance of macro-pore of carbon. The prepared TiO2/AC exhibited similar surface structure and pore structure with material carbon.     

Photocatalytic degradation of L-acid by TiO2 supported on the activated carbon

Introduction Aromatic sulfonic acid, which is produced in large amounts in chemical industry since the end of 19th century, has been widely applied in many industrial processes, including the various steps of procedure (Alonso and Barcelo, 2000). Naphthalene- sulfonic acids are of importance as dye intermediates and commonly used in the textile auxiliary industry employing many azo dyes and pigments. Among them, 1-naphthol-5-sulphonic acid (L-acid) is widely used in the printing as the raw ma…     

中国经济增长对碳排放的影响分析

通过相关分析探讨了中国国内生产总值(GDP)的增长与碳排放量的关系.结果表明,二者有明显的相关性(R2＝0.958 1).进一步研究认为,由于中国投资率在35%～40%以上,且工业增加值占GDP的比重超过50%,因此中国过分依赖投资的经济增长方式和以第二产业(工业)为主的经济结构在很大程度上是导致温室气体排放量增加的主要原因.未来在全球化背景下,经济增长可转变为更多地依靠科技创新、技术进步和制度的改进,因此,调整经济增长方式和产业结构,可以在保持发展经济的同时,使碳排放强度呈逐渐下降的趋势.     

微生物法液相氧化SO2

通过对酸性水溶液、含Fe³⁺水溶液、含Fe²⁺水溶液、细菌菌液和细菌培养基水溶液脱除二氧化硫的实验,探讨了微生物液相氧化二氧化硫的途径.以液相中SO₄^2-浓度考察了Fe³⁺浓度、Fe²⁺浓度、进口SO₂浓度以及温度对脱硫成酸的影响.微生物脱硫有2种机制:一是直接氧化作用,即氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Thiobacillus ferrooxidans)将S(IV)氧化成S(VI);二是间接催化氧化,氧化亚铁硫杆菌在酸性条件下具有快速氧化Fe²⁺成Fe³⁺,增强Fe³⁺对SO₂的液相催化氧化能力,研究表明微生物脱硫以间接催化氧化为主.在浓度0～1.2g/L之间,Fe³⁺和Fe²⁺浓度越高,脱硫效果越好,氧化亚铁硫杆菌表现出对Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺体系氧化SO₂的强化效果.入口SO₂浓度越高,细菌脱硫效率越低,但液相中SO₄^2-浓度随进口SO₂浓度增加变化不大.温度对微生物脱硫影响较大,最佳脱硫温度为30～40℃.     

基于微生物相互作用机理的完全耦合活性污泥模型研究

根据微生物生长机理,推导出微生物的耦合作用机理并在该机理的基础上改进了ASM3 Bio-P模型.假设活性污泥系统中有机物氧化过程、生物硝化过程、生物反硝化过程、生物除磷过程可同时存在,在ASM3 Bio-P模型上添加相关的开关函数,推导出完全耦合活性污泥模型(FCASM).基于计算机程序进行数值模拟,并将FCASM模拟结果与实测值以及ASM3 Bio-P模型模拟值进行对比.结果表明,完全耦合活性污泥模型对氨氮模拟的稳态出水值为1.90 g·m-3,ASM3 Bio-P模型模拟的氨氮稳态出水值为0 g·m-3,而实测的氨氮稳态出水值为1.50 g·m-3,完全耦合活性污泥模型的结果更接近真实值.     

反硝化生物膜对PBS表面形态及化学组分的影响

PBS是一种新型的可生物降解聚合物(BDPs),可以用做反硝化碳源和生物膜载体,去除饮用水源水中的硝酸盐.利用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对反硝化生物膜生长前后PBS颗粒表面形态、化学组成的变化进行了分析.结果表明,PBS仅在微生物作用下降解并为反硝化菌提供碳源.PBS颗粒可以在12 h内使进水中53 mg·L^-1的硝态氮降低到10 mg·L^-1以下(我国饮用水水质标准为:NO₃^--N<15 mg·L^-1).红外光谱表明,反硝化微生物附着生长后其PBS在2 925 cm^-1和2 850 cm^-1附近的吸收带以及3 200 cm^-1～3 410 cm^-1处峰值减弱,说明PBS材料中甲基、羟基官能团比例下降,而其它官能团没有发生明显的变化,PBS的主要单体组分淀粉和乙烯都可以被反硝化微生物用作碳源.扫描电子显微镜观察结果表明,反硝化生物膜附着生长后,PBS颗粒表面会出现空洞,扩大了生物膜生物附着生长的表面积,有利于形成致密的反硝化生物膜,对反硝化菌形成保护作用.     

Fingerprinting Global Climate Change and Forest Management Within Rhizosphere Carbon and Nutrient Cycling Processes

As one of the two Principal Subject Editors for ESPR Subject Area 1 'Terrestrial Ecology and Biology / Soil and Sediments: Toxicology-related Subjects' (see pp 287-293), the senior author and his colleague, Dr Chen, present an example of sub-category 4 'Environmental studies of pesticides, air pollution, and management strategies for forestry and plant ecosystems'. Thereby, they inform the ESPR community about the new Australian research project concerning the fingerprints of global climate change (GCC) and forest management on rhizosphere carbon and nutrient cycling and, subsequently, present an overview on the GCC and forest management fingerprints.     

中国碳排放的因素分解模型及实证分析:1995-2004

能源消费是碳排放的主要来源。随着中国经济的快速发展,能源消费的急剧增长以及以煤为主的能源结构在短期内很难改变,因此,碳排放不可避免地会出现一定幅度的增加。本文基于碳排放量的基本等式,采用对数平均权重Divisia分解法（Logarithmic mean weight Divisia method,LMD）,建立中国人均碳排放的因素分解模型,定量分析了1995-2004年间,能源结构、能源效率和经济发展等因素的变化对中国人均碳排放的影响,结果显示经济发展对拉动中国人均碳排放的贡献率呈指数增长,而能源效率和能源结构对抑制中国人均碳排放的贡献率都呈倒“U”。这说明能源效率对抑制中国碳排放的作用在减弱,以煤为主的能源结构未发生根本性变化,能源效率和能源结构的抑制作用难以抵销由经济发展拉动的中国碳排放量增长。