垃圾渗沥液中有机污染物的超声去除

采用超声辐照技术去除垃圾渗沥液中的有机污染物。研究了输入电功率、初始浓度、初始pH、曝气对垃圾渗沥液中COD的超声去除效果影响,探讨了垃圾渗沥液中有机物的超声去除主要是通过羟自由基的氧化反应,高温热解反应虽然存在,但贡献相对很小。超声去除垃圾渗沥液中COD的动力学模式不能简单用动力学原理来解释,一方面由于超声降解有机物的机理和垃圾渗沥液中有机物的种类都很复杂,另一方面由于基于K2Cr2O7法测定出的COD指标不能完全表征超声去除垃圾渗沥液中有机污染物的程度。     

Microwave-assisted regeneration of hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent saturated with nitrophenols

Thermal regeneration ofhypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent （HPA） was performed at 67℃. Experiments were carried out using a multimode microwave oven operating at 2450 MHz and a thermostatic water bath so as to compare the effect of the different heating mechanisms on the regeneration efficiency of the HPA saturated with nitrophenols. The temperature rise action of the heterogeneous regeneration system under microwave irradiation was described. Additionally, a complete structure and chemical characterization of the regenerated HPA was also carried out in order to study the influence of the subsequent regeneration cycles on the structure and the adsorption capacities of the adsorbents. Structure characterization of the regenerated HPA was accomplished by means of the analysis of FTIR spectra.     

Degradation of nitrobenzene in wastewater by γ-ray irradiation

The degradation of nitrobenzene(NB) by γ-ray irradiation was studied. The influences of dose rate and initial NB concentration were investigated in details. At a dose rate of 55 Gy/min, the degradation kinetics was pseudo-first-order at NB concentrations from 0.2 mmol/L to 4.0 mmol/L. At an initial NB concentration of 0.8 mmol/L, the degradation of NB at various dose rates also followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Dissolved oxygen was found to have a positive effect on NB degradation. The degradation products were identified as nitrophenol, nitrosobenzene, and hydroquinone, and so on. Based on the product analysis, possible degradation pathways of nitrobenzene were proposed.     

Y-射线辐照催化降解水溶液中萘普生

利用^60co产生的y-射线辐照水溶液中萘普生,研究了萘普生的降解特性．通过测定辐射后萘普生的浓度,探讨了吸收剂量、溶液pH、不同添加物（H2O2,CO23-;t-BuOH）对萘普生降解效果的影响．结果表明,1一射线辐照能有效催化降解水溶液中的萘普生,降解过程符合准一级动力学方程．萘普生浓度为23．6mg·L^-1,吸...     

Removal of fluorescence and ultraviolet absorbance of dissolved organic matter in reclaimed water by solar light

Storing reclaimed water in lakes is a widely used method of accommodating changes in the consumption of reclaimed water during wastewater reclamation and reuse. Solar light serves as an important function in degrading pollutants during storage, and its effect on dissolved organic matter(DOM) was investigated in this study. Solar light significantly decreased the UV_(254) absorbance and fluorescence(FLU) intensity of reclaimed water.However, its effect on the dissolved organic carbon(DOC) value of reclaimed water was very limited. The decrease in the UV_(254) absorbance intensity and FLU excitation–emission matrix regional integration volume(FLU volume) of reclaimed water during solar light irradiation was fit with pseudo-first order reaction kinetics. The decrease of UV_(254) absorbance was much slower than that of the FLU volume. Ultraviolet light in solar light had a key role in decreasing the UV_(254) absorbance and FLU intensity during solar light irradiation. The light fluence-based removal kinetic constants of the UV_(254) and FLU intensity were independent of light intensity. The peaks of the UV_(254) absorbance and FLU intensity with an apparent molecular weight(AMW) of 100 Da to 2000 Da decreased after solar irradiation, whereas the DOC value of the major peaks did not significantly change.     

Enhancement of ultrasonic disintegration of sewage sludge by aeration

Sonication is an effective way for sludge disintegration,which can significantly improve the efficiency of anaerobic digestion to reduce and recycle use of sludge.But high energy consumption limits the wide application of sonication.In order to improve ultrasonic sludge disintegration efficiency and reduce energy consumption,aeration was introduced.Results showed that sludge disintegration efficiency was improved significantly by combining aeration with ultrasound.The aeration flow rate,gas bubble size,ultrasonic density and aeration timing had impacts on sludge disintegration efficiency.Aeration that used in later stage of ultrasonic irradiation with low aeration flow rate,small gas bubbles significantly improved ultrasonic disintegration sludge efficiency.At the optimal conditions of 0.4 W/m L ultrasonic irradiation density,30 m L/min of aeration flow rate,5 min of aeration in later stage and small gas bubbles,ultrasonic sludge disintegration efficiency was increased by 45% and one third of ultrasonic energy was saved.This approach will greatly benefit the application of ultrasonic sludge disintegration and strongly promote the treatment and recycle of wastewater sludge.     

微波脱硝煤基炭的选择与性能研究

采用微波辐照4种煤基炭进行脱硝性能的研究,从中选取一种最佳。分别考察了250 W微波功率和停留时间2.5 s条件下,4种未活化、硝酸氧化活化和Na OH活化煤基炭对NO的脱除率。考察了功率和停留时间对本实验最佳煤基炭脱硝性能的影响。采用工业分析、元素分析、BET对煤基炭进行了表面结构分析,采用FT-IR,SEM,XRD对微观结构进行了表征,结果表明:二号煤基炭在本实验中展现出最佳的脱硝性能,Na OH活化的煤基炭脱硝率高达98.56%;二号煤基炭的最佳脱硝功率和停留时间为250 W和2.5 s。     

Nonylphenol photodegradation by novel ternary MIL-100（Fe）/ZnFe2O4/PCN composite under visible light irradiation via double charge transfer process

Nonylphenol（NP） residues, as a typical endocrine disrupting chemical（EDC）, frequently exist in sewage, surface water, groundwater and even drinking water, which poses a serious threat to human health due to its bioaccumulation. In order to remove NP, a series of MIL-100（Fe）/Zn Fe₂O₄/flake-like porous carbon nitride（MIL/ZC） was synthesized through in-situ synthesis at room temperature. High performance of ternary MIL/ZC is used to degrade NP under visible light irradiation. ...     

凸轮轴顶端断裂原因失效分析

目的研究发动机凸轮轴和螺栓的失效原因。方法在化学成分、硬度、金相组织、断口形貌等检测分析的基础上,研究凸轮轴和螺栓的失效行为,推断整个失效过程的起因件,并分析导致其失效的原因。结果凸轮轴金相组织、表面和心部硬度无明显异常,断口表面有明显的疲劳断裂特征,裂纹起源于凸轮轴的螺栓孔壁,此处为凸轮轴热处理过程中的感应淬火和非感应淬火的交界处。结论凸轮轴顶端螺栓孔在感应淬火过程中产生尖角效应,导致螺栓孔壁被淬透,材料脆性增加,在长期使用过程中导致凸轮轴顶端疲劳断裂,进而导致连接螺栓发生断裂。     

兰州市大气TSP中28种元素的测定与变化规律的研究

报导了兰州市一年内大气中TSP内的28种元素含量的监测结果,污染程度和变化规律.为兰州市进一步加强环境管理和治理,不断改善环境质量提供科学依据.