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201.
202.
利用电子显微镜和银染技术研究HTO对莱哈衣藻核仁纤维区的辐射效应。结果显示:分裂间期衣藻核仁纤维区为由细线样结构组成的索状结构;衣藻细胞在含低剂量HTO(370kBq/mL)培养基培养1400h以后,间期核仁纤维区索状结构变得膨松,体积增大;经含中剂量HTO(3700kBq/mL)培养1400h以后,纤维区索状结构明显解体,轮廓变得不清晰;经含高剂量HTO(37000kBq/mL)培养基培养1400h后,纤维区索状结构完全解体,呈现出松散的细线样结构,同时参与rRNA合成的一种酸性蛋白明显减少,结果表明,衣藻细胞分裂间期的核仁纤维区对HTO的辐射作用是敏感的。 相似文献
203.
采用沉淀法优化制备了纳米级Ce掺杂ZnO,利用BET,XRD,SEM,ICP-AES,UV-Vis DRS,FT-IR等手段对催化剂结构形态组成进行表征.提出内浸式光催化降解模式,考察液层厚度对透光率的影响,优化了Ce掺杂ZnO光催化降解罗丹明B实验条件,分析了其动力学和机理.结果表明,Ce掺杂比为3%(n:n),500℃热处理2h活性最高.催化剂呈球状,尺寸均匀,粒径80~100nm,BET比表面积12.9m2/g,测定掺杂量和理论值一致,Ce掺杂增加了光吸收.悬浮液"遮挡效应"对光透过率衰减显著,催化剂浓度为0.1g/100mL时UV254处光衰减率达到溶液的3倍.内浸式光催化降解1.0×10-5mol/L罗丹明B溶液,在15W紫外灯,pH值为7,温度30℃,催化剂投加量0.1g/250mL条件下,70min降解率达到92.5%,6次套用降解率保持在80%以上,降解过程符合一级动力学,反应速率常数0.05min-1. 相似文献
204.
Food irradiation is a physical method of processing food (e.g. freezing, canning). It has been thoroughly researched over the last four decades and is recognized as a safe and wholesome method. It has the potential both of disinfesting dried food to reduce storage losses and disinfesting fruits and vegetables to meet quarantine requirements for export trade. Low doses of irradiation inhibit spoilage losses due to sprouting of root and tuber crops. Food- borne diseases due to contamination by pathogenic microorganisms and parasites of meat, poultry, fish, fishery products and spices are on the increase. Irradiation of these solid foods can decontaminate them of pathogenic organisms and thus provide safe food to the consumer. Irradiation can successfully replace the fumigation treatment of cocoa beans and coffee beans and disinfest dried fish, dates, dried fruits, etc. One of the most important advantages of food irradiation processing is that it is a coldprocess which does not significantly alter physico-chemical characters of the treated product. It can be applied to food after its final packaging. Similar to other physical processes of food processing, (e.g. canning, freezing), irradiation is a capital intensive process. Thus, adequate product volume must be made available in order to maximize the use of the facility and minimize the unit cost of treatment. Lack of harmonization of regulations among the countries which have approved irradiated foods hampers the introduction of this technique for international trade. Action at the international level has to be taken in order to remedy this situation. One of the important limitations of food irradiation processing is its slow acceptance by consumers, due inter alia to a perceived association with radioactivity. The food industry tends to be reluctant to use the technology in view of uncertainties regarding consumer acceptance of treated foods. Several market testing and consumer acceptance studies have been carried out on food irradiation in recent years. These studies showed that, if the safety and the benefits of food irradiation were properly explained, the consumers were willing to accept irradiated foods. Considering its potential role in the reduction of post-harvest losses, providing safe supply of food and overcoming quarantine barriers, food irradiation has received wider government approvals during the last decade. There is also a trend towards increased commercialization of irradiated food. Currently, there are 47 irradiation facilities in some 23 countries being used for treating foods for commercial purposes. 相似文献
205.
Eunsung KAN Chang-Il KOH Kyunghyuk LEE Joonwun KANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2015,9(3):429
In the present study, the decomposition rates of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water by the ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation alone and H2O2/UV were experimentally investigated. The detailed experimental studies have been conducted for examining treatment capacities of the two different ultraviolet light sources (low and medium pressure Hg arc) in H2O2/UV processes. The low or medium UV lamp alone resulted in a 60%–90% decomposition of 2,4-DCP while a slight addition of H2O2 resulted in a drastic enhancement of the 2,4-DCP decomposition rate. The decomposition rate of 2,4-DCP with the medium pressure UV lamp alone was about 3–6 times greater than the low pressure UV lamp alone. In the direct photolysis of aqueous CCl4, the medium pressure UV lamp had advantage over the low pressure UV lamp because the molar extinction coefficient of CCl4 at shorter wavelength (210–220 nm) is about 20 to 50 times higher than that at 254 nm. However, adding H2O2 to the medium pressure UV lamp system rendered a negative oxidation rate because H2O2 acted as a UV absorber being competitive with CCl4 due to negligible reaction between CCl4 and OH radicals. The results from the present study indicated significant influence of the photochemical properties of the target contaminants on the photochemical treatment characteristics for designing cost-effective UV-based degradation of toxic contaminants. 相似文献
206.
Deming ZHAO Jie CHENG Michael R. HOFFMANN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(1):57-64
Aqueous solutions of phenol were oxidized by hydrogen peroxide assisted by microwave (MW) irradiation. A simple kinetic model for the overall degradation of phenol in the presence of excess H2O2 is proposed in which the degradation rate of phenol is expressed as a linear function of the concentrations of phenol and H2O2. A detailed parametric study showed that the degradation rate of phenol increased with increasing [H2O2] until saturation was observed. Phenol degradation followed apparent zero-order kinetics under MW radiation or H2O2 oxidation. However, after 90 min of irradiation, the observed kinetics shifted to pseudo first order. The overall reaction rates were significantly enhanced in the combined MW/H2O2 system, mainly because microwave could accelerate H2O2 to generate hydroxyl radical (·OH) and other reactive oxygen intermediates. The observed synergetic effects of the MW/H2O2 process resulted in an increased in the net reaction rate by a factor of 5.75. When hydrogen peroxide is present in a large stoichiometric excess, the time required to achieve complete mineralization is reduced significantly. 相似文献
207.
采用相转化法将类脂包埋到醋酸纤维素(CA)中,制备出了具有对水中低剂量亲脂性有机污染物高效吸附去除的平板膜.以扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料的结构形貌和表面特征.利用机械搅拌方式和超声方式对类脂进行分散的实验表明,超声对类脂的均匀分散具有强化作用.同时考察了铸膜温度(室温、0℃)对类脂分散的效果,表明低温有助于形成小的脂滴.另外,通过复合膜的红外谱图证实,类脂和CA属于物理混合,不会改变类脂的分子结构,从而不会影响类脂对亲脂性有机污染物的吸附性能.通过荧光分析法分析复合膜在正己烷溶剂中的稳定情况,表明类脂已被完好地包埋到膜中,因而在去除有机污染物的过程中不会从复合膜中渗出. 相似文献
208.
209.
电子束法大气污染治理技术研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
简述了电子束烟气治理技术的发展和现状,介绍了电子束法脱除烟气中的主要污染物SO2和NOx的机制,概述了上海原子核所在电子束烟气交化领域的研究情况和结果。 相似文献
210.
环境辐射有关问题的讨论 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本文论述了与环境辐射有关的问题。根据其剂量当量和危险水平,讨论了公众剂量限值的实践性 相似文献