Treated wastewater irrigation effect on soil, crop and environment： Wastewater recycling in the loess area of China

A study was carried out at the Loess Plateau in Dongzhi,China,to test the feasibility of using secondary treatment sewage effluent and to determine whether the water quality would then meet the recommended irrigation norm.Seven crops,including celery,wheat, maize,millet,apples,rapeseed and yellow beans,were tested in the study.Physical and chemical properties of the soil,crop yield and quality and leachate at different soil depths were measured.In most cases,the quality of the crops that made use of treated sewage was not distinctively different from those that did not use treated sewage.However,yields for the former were much higher than they were for the latter.Leachates at different soil depths were analyzed and the results did not show alarming levels of constituents.For a period of approximately 14 months,the treated sewage irrigation had no significant effect on the loess soil and no cases of illness resulting from contact with the treated sewage were reported.With treated sewage irrigation,a slight increase in the organic content of the soil was observed.     

造纸废水灌溉对红柳体内钠离子含量的影响

文章通过实验研究,测定分析了造纸废水灌溉对红柳体内钠离子含量的影响。不同年限以及不同生长部位的进行研究,结果显示:在造纸废水灌溉条件下,红柳体内相同生长部位的钠离子含量均随着灌溉年限的增加逐渐增大,并且与土壤中钠离子含量呈显著正相关;红柳叶片中钠离子含量明显高于根系中钠离子含量,说明盐碱胁迫下红柳叶片耐钠性大于根系耐钠性,红柳叶是钠离子累积和外排的主要部位。     

内蒙古某灌域表层土壤六氯环己烷空间分布特征及影响因素

为修复灌区内土壤有机氯农药污染,降低六氯环己烷对土壤环境的危害,对内蒙古某灌域表层土壤进行采样,利用气相色谱测定50个土壤样品中六氯环己烷及其异构体的含量,并利用ArcGIS空间分析技术确定表层土壤中六氯环己烷的分布状况。样本中六氯环己烷的检出率为96%,各样本中六氯环己烷的浓度范围为未检出～23.0 ng/g,平均浓度为4.4 ng/g。4种异构体含量平均值顺序为γ-六氯环己烷>δ-六氯环己烷>β-六氯环己烷>α-六氯环己烷。灌域东北部和西南部残留浓度较高,并由这2个方向向中部地区逐渐递减,表层土壤中的六氯环己烷分布受土壤黏粒量、不同种植种类和灌溉水源的影响较大。虽受人类耕作的影响,但表层土壤中的六氯环己烷污染水平相对较低。     

农闲期城郊农田灌溉水中典型污染物含量与评价——以西北江三角洲为例

摸查了农田灌溉系统水环境经农(夏)闲期降水等外部强干预调理后的环境污染物含量——该值理论上是环境自净作用之后的最不利值,对农田灌溉系统水环境进行水质评价,探究其对农田土壤质量的潜在污染风险.于2019年6月中旬—7月下旬(降雨集中期),分别在西北江三角洲城市(清远市、佛山市和江门市)实验基地周边筛选研究区,并在雨后对有覆水的水源区域、灌渠、蓄水池和田间水等采集上覆水,共采得水样27×2份,对其pH值、悬浮物(SS)、矿化度、总磷(TP)、氨氮(NH⁺₄-N)、Cd、As、Pb、Cu和Zn的含量进行检测;对各研究区pH值、SS的成因和影响,矿化度的等级,重金属均值分布等进行分析;对全样品TP、NH⁺₄-N、重金属含量进行Pearson相关性分析和描述性特征分析;通过单因子水质标识指数P_i和综合水质标识指数P分别对各采样点、各构成项目和各研究区进行水质评价.研究发现雨后农田灌溉系统水环境构成复杂,物质呈无显著性差异的迁移,灌溉沿程上覆水中大部分物质可能处于动态平衡,受局部环境影响变...     

土壤微生物群落结构对生活源和工业源再生水灌溉的差异化响应

为研究不同来源再生水灌溉对土壤微生物群落结构的影响,以地下水灌溉土壤为对照,采用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对长期利用生活源和工业源再生水灌溉的土壤微生物群落结构进行分析,进一步探究土壤环境因子及其相互作用对微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,与地下水灌溉相比,长期生活源再生水灌溉可显著提高土壤中TOC、 DOC、 Eh、 NH⁺₄-N和TP的含量,长期工业源再生水灌溉导致Cd、 Cr、 Cu、 Pb和Zn在表层土壤大量累积.再生水灌溉显著增加了土壤中Acidobacteria和Planctomycetes的相对丰度,降低了Firmicutes和Tectomicrobia的相对丰度,且不同来源再生水对土壤中功能微生物的影响不同,生活源再生水灌溉可显著增加Chloroflexi和Nitrospirae的相对丰度,而工业源再生水灌溉对Actinobacteria具有显著的抑制作用.db-RDA分析结果表明,生活源再生水灌溉土壤菌群主要受TN、 TP、 DOC和Eh影响(P<0.05),工业源再生水灌溉土壤菌群主要受重金属影响(P&...     

IMPACT OF IRRIGATION WELLS ON BASEFLOW OF THE BIG BLUE RWER,NEBRASKA1

ABSTRACT: The Kansas-Nebraska Big Blue River compact requires that the state of Nebraska insure a minimum flow of the Big Blue River across the state line. There are two options that the state of Nebraska may use to ensure minimum flows. The obvious option is to limit surface-water irrigators along the river. However, under the terms of the compact, a second option may be to regulate irrigation wells that are within one mile of the river and were installed after November 1, 1968. The objective of this study is to quantify the effects of 17 irrigation wells that may be regulated on baseflow of the Big Blue River. A finite-element model is used to study the hydrogeologic system between DeWitt and Beatrice, Nebraska. The 17 wells that may be regulated are located between these towns and are developed in sediments deposited in a cross-cutting paleovalley anchor alluvium associated with the Big Blue River. While there wore considerable existing data, additional data were gathered by drilling an additional nine test holes, conducting several aquifer tests, stream-stage measurements, and baseflow calculation through extensive stream-discharge measurements, establishment of a ground water-level monitoring network, determining the amount of water pumped for irrigation and municipal use in the area, and a short-term precipitation network. The model was calibrated using observed baseflow and ground water level data. The model clearly shows that regulating the 17 wells to maintain baseflow would have a minimal effect on the overall water budget. This is reasonable, especially considering that there are over 250 irrigation wells in the project area. The 17 wells considered pumped only 6 percent of the total pumpage within the modeled area during the irrigation season of 1984. The computer model provides the documentation needed to demonstrate this fact. Although much of the resources spent and a significant amount of hydrogeologic data are being collected over a period of three years on a relatively small area, the simulation model could be improved through further field testing of the aquifer and stream-bed sediment characteristics and quantification of ground water recharge, discharge, and evapotranspiration rates.     

污水灌溉对我国农业生态系统的影响及其对策

本文运用生态学原理,分析了污灌区农业生态系统的特点,指出了污灌在农业生态系统中既起着水源和肥源,又起着污染源的三重作用。同时,从正反两方面阐述了污灌对我国农业生态系统的影响,提出了污灌条件下建立农业生态系统良性循环的途径,即(1)尽量控制污水中的污染物质进入农业生态系统;(2)减少污染物质在农田生态系统的累积;(3)改变污染物在农业生态系统中的迁移途径。     

OPTIMIZATION OF MULTIPURPOSE RESERVOIR SYSTEM OPERATION1

ABSTRACT: The goal programming approach for multipurpose reservoir operation has been proposed and applied to the Bhadra reservoir system, having irrigation and hydropower production as dual purposes, in India. The objective of the model is to satisfy sequentially a series of operating criteria. Two goal programming models, one with the objective function as minimizing the deviations from storage targets and the other with the objective function as minimizing the deviations from release targets, have been formulated and applied to the reservoir system under study. The results proved that the model with release targets is preferred over the model with storage targets for determining operational policies for multipurpose reservoir system.     

A RAWLSIAN EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION DISTRIBUTION IN INDIA1

ABSTRACT: This paper critically evaluates the nature of irrigation distribution in India using the Rawlsian criterion of equity in dis. tribution and estimates the performance of different states in India according to the Rawlsian notion of fairness in distribution. It is found that there is considerable inequality across farm-size groups in the distribution of irrigated areas in general and canal irrigated areas in particular, and that there are wide interstate differences in the levels of this inequality. Further, it is found that switching over to a Rawlsian based distribution of canal irrigation will help in reducing the levels of inequality in overall irrigation distribution in all states.     

内蒙古河套灌区面源污染防治初步设想

本文分析了内蒙古河套灌区面源污染现状及其成因，并从政策、管理、技术上提出了相应的防治初步设想。