Pseudomonas fluorescens Z1999降解邻苯二甲酸酯的二级动力学特征

通过驯化富集培养,从处理焦化厂废水的活性污泥中分离获得一株可以在好氧条件下利用邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)作为唯一碳源和能源的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonasfluorescens编号Z1999),研究了P.fluorescensZ1999对PAEs的降解条件,揭示了P.fluorescensZ1999降解PAEs的动力学特征.试验结果表明,P.fluorescensZ1999对PAEs降解的最佳条件为pH65—80,温度20—35℃,菌种量002—45%,富集驯化时间18—24h.P.fluorescensZ1999可有效降解邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DnBP).在初始浓度为100—750mg·ml-1范围内,DMP,DEP,DnBP的降解反应遵循二级反应动力学方程∶-dS/dt=K2S2 K1S K0,r2=09686—09997.随PAEs浓度和支链烷基碳数的增加,P.fluorescensZ1999对PAEs的最大降解速率p下降,半衰期T1/2增大,抑制作用增强.     

二龙山水库流域生态环境与小气候的关系研究

根据不同的植被覆盖率,对二龙山水库流域进行分区,并在春季组织小气候观测,研究不同小区的小气候综合特征.分析结果表明,二龙山水库流域生态环境与小气候综合特征之间存在密切关系.      

污泥生物炭制备吸附陶粒

以城市污泥热解产生的生物炭(BC)与高岭土(KL)为原料制备吸附陶粒(SKC),研究其对环丙沙星(CIP)的吸脱附性能,开展吸附动力学和等温吸附特性研究,结合形貌、孔结构、物相组成、表面电位探讨其吸附机制,利用TCLP法研究重金属浸出特征.结果表明BC与KL以6∶4的质量比混合造粒,经1 050℃烧结5 min得到的SKC对CIP有明显的吸附效果,去除率达65.34%;SKC对CIP的吸附符合二级动力学模型,在不同质量浓度下的吸附特性适用于Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附过程同时存在物理和化学吸附.SKC具有良好的孔隙结构,物相组成以硅铝氧化物、铁氧化物和金属磷酸盐为主,既能降低重金属的浸出毒性又具有良好的CIP吸附去除效果,有望为处理废水中高浓度CIP提供一种低成本可回收的吸附材料,也为BC的规模化安全利用提供了新思路.     

自然水体生物膜对铜(Ⅱ)、镉(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

以董铺水库为水源、天然纯棉绳为人工基质培养生物膜,研究了附着在棉绳表面上的自然水体生物膜吸附Cu和Cd的热力学和动力学特征及pH对吸附性能的影响.通过对实验数据进行非线型拟合,发现生物膜对2种重金属的吸附均符合Freundlich(F)和Langmuir(L)吸附等温式,对2种金属的吸附能力顺序是:Cu＞Cd.生物膜对Cu和Cd的吸附在数小时内可达到平衡,吸附过程符合二级动力学特征.通过调节吸附液的pH值,研究了不同pH对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,随着pH的升高,2种金属的吸附量明显增加.     

黑河中下游防风固沙功能时空变化及影响因子分析

黑河中下游是我国重要的防风固沙生态功能区,分析该区域的防风固沙功能时空变化,明确其主要的影响因子贡献,对于指导荒漠化防治、维护流域生态安全十分重要.该研究基于修正风蚀方程(revised wind erosion equation,RWEQ)、一元线性回归斜率分析、灰色关联分析和GIS技术,分析了2000—2017年黑河中下游防风固沙功能动态变化及其影响因子.结果表明:①2000—2017年,黑河中下游年均防风固沙量为3.2×109 t,年均防风固沙功能约为2.44×104 t/km2;防风固沙量总体呈增强趋势,年均增加6.67×107 t,年均变化率为1.85%.②区域防风固沙功能呈现中游较强,向下游递减的空间分布特征,防风固沙功能较高区约占研究区面积的31.54%,一般区占20.77%,较低区(北部荒漠区)占47.69%;甘肃省张掖市和嘉峪关市防风固沙功能呈增加趋势,回归方程系数(slope)为0~26.29%,占总面积的12.51%;额济纳旗东北部和甘肃省高台县中部防风固沙功能呈下降趋势,回归方程系数为-17.17%~0,占总面积的23.30%.③防风固沙功能主要影响因子中,风力因子最主要,贡献率为30.04%,其次为积雪覆盖、土壤湿度、植被覆盖,贡献率分别为24.57%、24.26%和21.13%.研究显示,防风固沙工程应综合考虑气候变化、植被覆盖、土壤特性及人类活动的复合影响,实行具有空间差异化的方案.      

邻苯二甲酸酯在黄河沉积物上的吸附特性

文章利用反相高效液相色谱技术研究了黄河兰州段沉积物对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的吸附动力学,以及DMP、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸正二丙酯(DnPrP)和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)在沉积物上共存的等温吸附行为,探讨了助溶剂甲醇、离子强度等对吸附的影响。结果表明,在一定的浓度范围内,DMP在沉积物上的吸附速率先快后慢;DMP、DEP在沉积物上的等温吸附行为符合线性方程,而DnPrP、DBP的吸附等温线以Freundlich方程拟合最佳;沉积物对DMP的吸附容量还随着离子强度和溶液中甲醇百分比含量的增大而降低。     

活性炭纤维去除水中有机微污染物的效果

采用 4种活性炭纤维 (ACF)作为吸附剂 ,对水中 CHCl₃、CCl₄、高锰酸钾指数 COD_Mn、紫外吸光值 E_UV254等有机微污染物的去除进行了初步研究 ,并与 ZJ-15型颗粒活性炭 (GAC)进行了对比 .吸附等温线的结果表明 ,ACF3对 CHCl₃的去除效果最好 ,当 CHCl₃的平衡浓度为 60μg· L^-1 时 ,ACF3对 CHCl₃的吸附容量为 212μg·g^-1 ;GAC对 CCl₄的去除效果最好 ,当 CCl₄的平衡浓度为 3μg· L^-1时 ,GAC对 CCl₄的吸附容量为 0.83μg·g^-1;GAC及 ACF1对 COD_Mn、E_UV254有较好的去除效果 ,当COD_Mn的平衡浓度为 2.5mg·L^-1 时 ,GAC及 ACF1对 CODMn的吸附容量分别为 2.16mg·g^-1 和 1.98mg·g^-1 ,当 E_UV254的平衡浓度为 0.05时 ,GAC及 ACF1对 E_UV254的吸附容量分别为 0.32 g^-1和 0.15g^-1.     

光合细菌黑暗好氧降解2-氯酚的特性研究

研究了光合细菌PSB-1D在黑暗好氧条件下处理2-氯苯酚时的降解规律和影响因素。考察了不同培养时间、碳源、氮源、初始pH值、PSB-1D接种量、摇床转速、不同初始2-氯苯酚浓度等因素对PSB-1D生长和2-氯苯酚处理效果的影响。结果表明:以葡萄糖、硫酸铵和酵母膏作为最佳碳氮营养源,初始pH值为7.0、接种量为10%、摇床转速为130r/min为最佳工艺条件,在此条件下PSB-1D处理2-氯苯酚降解率可达61.50%。黑暗好氧条件下光合细菌PSB-1D降解2-氯苯酚的规律符合一级降解动力学模型。随着初始2-氯苯酚的浓度逐渐由20mg/L提高到150mg/L,半衰期由39.36h延长为92.88h,也即2-氯苯酚浓度越高,降解所需的时间越长,降解速率常数Kb亦逐渐减小,由0.01754mg(/L·h)降到0.007458mg(/L·h)。     

Structural equation model of the influence of noise annoyance on miners’ unsafe behavior in coal mines

Miners' unsafe behavior (UB) is the main cause of coal mine accidents. Previous research has suggested that excessive noise in tunnels impacts miners' temperaments and safe production behavior. To explore the influence of noise on UB, four different dimensions of noise annoyance were identified: cognitive, emotional, communication, and physical mechanism annoyance. The coal mine noise annoyance scale, miners' unsafe behavior intention (UBI) scale, and miners’ UB scale were developed according to different dimensions. In the first survey, a total of 200 questionnaires were distributed in the two coal mines, and 193 valid questionnaires were recovered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted, and invalid items were removed according to the analysis results to form the final scale. Then, 500 final scales were distributed in two Chinese coal mines, and 482 valid questionnaires were collected. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted by collating the data of the second questionnaire. Based upon the structural equation model (SEM), the SEM of the influence of noise annoyance degree on UB and the path analysis with latent variable path analysis with the latent variables (PA-LVs) mediating model of the effect of UBI on UB were established, and the path coefficients with fitting data of the model were analyzed. The results indicated that the four dimensions of coal mine noise annoyance had a strong positive impact on UB, which was reduced by less noise annoyance. In addition, the Bootstrap method was used to verify the mediating method among the four dimensions of noise annoyance, cognitive annoyance, emotional annoyance, with communication annoyance indirectly affecting UB through UBI. The research results provide theoretical support for reducing the UB of miners and improving coal mine safety levels.     

Effect of substituents in hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of azo pyridone dyes: Theoretical approaches on the reaction mechanism

Understanding the degradation behavior of azo dyes in photocatalytic wastewater treatment is of fundamental and practical importance for their application in textile-processing and other coloration industries. In this study, quantum chemistry, as density functional theory, was used to elucidate different degradation pathways of azo pyridone dyes in a hydroxyl radical (HO^?)-initiated photocatalytic system. A series of substituted azo pyridone dyes were synthesized by changing the substituent group in the para position of the benzene moiety, ranging from strong electron-donating to strong electron-withdrawing groups. The effect of dye molecular structure on the photocatalytic degradation reaction mechanism was analyzed and quantification of substituent effects on the thermodynamic and kinetics parameters was performed. Potential energy surface analysis revealed the most susceptible reaction site for the HO^? attack. The calculated reaction barriers are found to be strongly affected by the nature of substituent group with a good correlation using Hammett σ_p constants and experimentally determined reaction rates. The stability of pre-reaction complexes and transition state complexes were analyzed applying the distortion-interaction model. The increased stability of the transition state complexes with the distancing from the substituent group has been established.