Chemical behavior of organic compounds in the interface of water/dual-cation organobentonite

The sorption behavior of polar of ionizable organic compounds,such as p-nitrophenol,phenol and aniline,in the water/organobentonite systems is investigated.Both adsorption and partition occur to the sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites.The separate contributions of adsorption and partition to the total sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonites are analyzed mathematically in the first time.The factors to the contributions are also discussed.The results indicated that the contribution of adsorption and partition is related to the composition and ratio of dual-cation surfactants exchanging onto the bentonite.The sorption of organic compounds to dual-cation organobentonite is dominated by adsorption at low concentrations and by partition at high concentrations,making the organobentonites powerful sorbents for organic contaminants over wide range of concentrations.     

苯蒸气在有机膨润土上的吸附行为研究

探讨了苯蒸气在膨润土原土、单阳离子有机膨润土及阴－阳离子有机膨润土上的吸附性能、机理及影响因素。结果表明，有机膨润土对苯蒸气有良好的吸附性能，两种阴－阳离子有机膨润土对气态苯的吸附能力大于单阳离子有机膨润土，表现出较强的协同吸附作用；有机膨润土对气态苯的吸附作用主要由分配作用所致，等温吸附线呈线性，吸附系数（Kd)与有机膨润土的有机碳含量（foc）成正相关，与温度及比表面积成负相关，吸附速率（r)与有机碳含量成正相关。有机膨润土具有较大的开发、应用潜力。     

新农药环境化学行为研究（V）─—三氟羧草醚（Acifluorfen）在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋ＿ｆ＝０．９４Ｗ＿（ＯＭ）＋０．６５Ｗ＿（ＣＬＡＹ）－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ￣２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与Ｃｕ￣（２＋）形成的双核桥联配合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在＜３５０ｎｍ的光辐照下，易脱羧转化，速度较快，光解产物有较好的稳定性。     

黄河中游泥沙对铜离子的吸持行为研究

以黄河中游泥沙和重金属Cu为研究对象，通过等温吸持实验和Tessier形态提取实验，研究了黄河中游泥沙在含量较高的条件下对铜离子的吸持特性．结果表明：黄河中游泥沙具有很强的吸持铜的能力．体系pH和泥沙理化性质对吸持具有强烈影响：当铜浓度较低时，pH是控制吸持的主要因素，不同泥沙对铜的吸持率均达到99％，泥沙吸持的空间差异很小；当铜浓度较高时，泥沙理化性质是使黄河中游泥沙吸持表现出空间差异的重要因素，碳酸盐是主要影响组份；在泥沙含量较高的条件下，单位吸持量随泥沙含量变化的规律符合“泥沙效应”规律，但吸持容量随泥沙含量升高而升高，这与泥沙含量升高导致体系pH升高有关。     

反相气相色谱法研究CPC-膨润土对VOCs的吸附作用

运用反相气相色谱法研究了20种VOCs在CPC-膨润土上的吸附平衡及吸附热．结果表明，CPC-膨润土对VOCs的吸附有较强选择性，吸附能力与有机物的分子量、分子结构、饱和蒸气压等物理化学性质有关，对苯系物和分子量较大的酯类和酮类等吸附能力较强．温度较低时，CPC-膨润土对VOCs的吸附能力较强，吸附热较大；吸附热与VOCs的沸点蒸发热相当，但比活性炭等常规吸附剂对VOCs的吸附热小。     

催化裂化废催化剂对废水中镉的吸附研究

本文以石油催化裂化废催化剂作为废水中镉的吸附剂，探讨了吸附时间、温度、ｐＨ值、吸附剂用量对吸附效果的影响。吸附平衡试验结果表明，废催化剂对镉的吸附属单分子层吸附，吸附较易进行，吸附过程可用Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ模式和Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｉｃｈ模式较好地描述。     

膨润土在废水处理中的应用

本文回顾了我国膨润土废水处理试验研究成果，讨论了天然膨润土和改性膨润土的吸附性能。     

对硝基苯酚在沉积物上的吸附特征---吸附等温线和吸附热力学

研究了对硝基苯酚在不同沉积物上的吸附等温线,比较分析了Linear方程、Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程描述吸附等温线的准确性和稳定性结果表明,Iinear方程更适合描述沉积物吸附对硝基苯酚的等温线对硝基苯酚在沉积物上的吸附主要是溶质在沉积物有机质中的分配,其吸附热为-7 8 kJ@mol-1,主要的吸附作用力为疏水键力.对硝基苯酚在18个沉积物有机质上吸附自由能改变量为-5 4--7.2kJ@mol-1.标准自由能的变小是对硝基苯酚在沉积物有机质上吸附的推动力.     

大孔膦酸树脂对镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能及其机理

用大孔膦酸树脂对镉的吸附性能及其机理进行了研究 ,树脂对镉的静态和动态的吸附容量分别为 1 69 2和 1 62 7mg[Cd(Ⅱ ) ]/g(树脂 ) ,用 1 - 3mol·L- 1 HCI可以定量洗脱 .测得吸附热力学参数分别为 :ΔH =9 1 4kJ·mol- 1 ,ΔG =- 3 2 6kJ·mol- 1 ,ΔS =41 6J·mol- 1 ·K- 1 ,等温吸附遵循Freundlich曲线 ,表现吸附速率常数k2 98=3 6× 1 0 - 4 s- 1 ,用化学和红外光谱等方法讨论了吸附机理 .     

The Adsorption of Lead and Copper from Aqueous Solution on Modified Peat–Resin Particles

Raw peat was modified with sulfuric acid, then mixed modified with resin to prepare the modified peat–resin particles. Using the batch experimental systems, the removal of heavy metals (copper and lead) on the modified peat–resin particles was investigated. The data of the adsorption isotherm could be fitted by the Langmuir equation well. The adsorption rate of heavy metals on modified peat–resin particles was very swift. The removal processes of heavy metals on modified peat–resin particles could be well described by pseudo-second order model. The adsorption rate of lead was affected by the initial heavy metal concentration, initial pH, particle size, agitation speed and particle mass. In the adsorption of heavy metals (lead and copper) on the modified peat–resin particles, ion exchange was the major reaction mechanism. Desorption data showed that the lead adsorbed by modified peat–resin particle could be desorbed by 0.5 N or 1.0 N HNO₃. The desorption rate was swift. The experiments indicated that the modified peat–resin particles have great potential for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.