微囊藻毒素MC-RR在农田土壤中吸附行为研究

采用批处理实验研究了典型微囊藻毒素MC-RR(10~400μg·L-1)在农田土壤(水稻土、赤红壤和咸田土)中的吸附动力学和热力学特征,并探讨土壤理化性质对其吸附行为的影响.结果表明,MC-RR在农田土壤中的吸附均于4 h内达到平衡,吸附动力学均符合拟二级动力学方程(R20.994),液膜扩散是主要控速过程;各温度下(15、25、35℃)MC-RR吸附等温线均符合Langmuir方程(R20.827).水稻土吸附MC-RR主要为自发放热的物理吸附过程,其吸附能力随温度升高而降低;赤红壤和咸田土吸附MC-RR主要为自发吸热的化学吸附过程,其吸附能力随温度升高而增强.土壤粘粒矿物和有机质含量显著影响其对MC-RR的吸附能力,粘粒矿物含量越高,有机质含量越低,MC-RR吸附能力越强.MC-RR在有机质含量较高的水稻土中难吸附,而在有机质含量较低的赤红壤和粘土含量较高的咸田土中易吸附.     

工业腐殖酸提纯前后对泰乐菌素的吸附特性

本文采用稀碱法对购买的工业腐殖酸进行了提纯,研究了腐殖酸提纯前后对泰乐菌素的吸附特性,并对其吸附机制进行了初步的探讨.研究结果表明:在对腐殖酸提纯之后,其C、H、O、N、S的含量明显增加,灰分含量显著减小.腐殖酸经提纯后对泰乐菌素的吸附明显增强,在24h可以完全达到吸附平衡,其吸附动力学曲线可以用拉格朗日二级动力学方程和颗粒扩散模型较好的拟合;吸附等温线可以用线性吸附模型和Freundlich吸附模型较好的拟合;且提纯后的腐殖酸对泰乐菌素的吸附随着溶液的p H值和离子强度增加而逐渐减小.综上,推测腐殖酸对泰乐菌素的吸附机制可能以疏水性分配、氢键作用和离子交换作用为主.     

Nature of the action of a compost from olive mill wastewater on Cu sorption by soils

The reaction of two soils that have received composted OMW as manure with Cu solutions is studied. The data were fitted into a multi‐reaction model which considers both reversible and irreversible adsorption sites, and an ‘instantaneous’ fraction. The presence of composted OMW caused a strong increase in the distribution coefficient describing the instantaneous fraction, and the disappearance of the irreversible fraction. This behaviour was attributed to blocking of some sorbing surfaces by the organics, and to new surfaces present in the compost. These effects can have some environmental significance from the viewpoint of Cu mobility.     

Removal of Cd2+ from water by Friedel's salt (FS:3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O): Sorption characteristics and mechanisms

The development of low-cost and efficient new mineral adsorbents has been a hot topic in recent years.In this study,Friedel's salt (FS:3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O),a hexagonal layered inorganic absorbent,wa...     

黑碳对土壤中农药呋喃丹吸附与解吸行为的影响

为了考察黑碳对土壤中呋喃丹吸附与解吸行为的影响,选取小麦秸秆,分别在250℃、450℃和850℃下制备黑碳,测定了黑碳的比表面积和孔体积;采用批处理振荡法测定了呋喃丹在人工添加黑碳土壤中的吸附-解吸行为.结果表明,随制备温度升高,黑碳的比表面积、孔体积和微孔率增大;人工添加黑碳的土壤对呋喃丹的吸附容量和吸附强度随黑碳添加量增加而逐步增加,吸附和解吸等温线的非线性也逐步明显.添加高温制备黑碳的土壤比添加低温制备黑碳的土壤吸附容量、吸附和解吸的非线性均增加.吸附农药的解吸迟滞作用与土壤中黑碳的质量分数密切相关,添加高温制备黑碳的土壤解吸迟滞现象明显.因此,土壤中添加黑碳在一定程度上保证了土壤使用的安全性.     

Adsorptive removal of basic dyes from aqueous solutions by surfactant modified bentonite clay (organoclay): Kinetic and competitive adsorption isotherm

Cationic surfactant (Hexadecyltrimenthylammonium chloride) modified bentonite clay was prepared and systematically studied for its adsorption behavior as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes such as methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RB) from aqueous phase. Organo modified clay shows better capacity for the removal of three dyes. The adsorption process was found to be dependent on pH and initial dye concentration. The maximum dye sorption was found to be at a pH of 9.0 (99.99% for MB, 95.0% for CV and 83.0% for RB). The adsorption capacity for the dyes was found to be 399.74, 365.11 and 324.36 μmol/g for MB, CV and RB, respectively at 30 °C. The equilibrium uptake was attained within 240 min. The kinetic studies were revealed that sorption follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model which indicates chemisorption between adsorbent and adsorbate molecules. Adsorption isotherm indicates non-energetically adsorption sites which fit with Freundlich isotherm model. The fitness of kinetics and isotherm models was evaluated by using HYBRID error analysis function. Competitive adsorptions of dyes were studied by using binary component systems.     

黄原酸化废弃污泥吸附Cu2+研究

将污水处理厂废弃污泥在碱性环境中用CS2处理,制备黄原酸酯类重金属吸附剂,探究一种有效的废弃污泥资源化途径.用傅里叶转换红外光谱(fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,FTIR)对污泥进行了表征,并通过批量实验研究了污泥对Cu2+的吸附性能以及pH和初始Cu2+浓度的影响.结果表明,黄原酸化成功引入了含硫基团,使黄原酸化污泥的吸附量相对于原始废弃污泥提高了20.6%~46.9%.当Cu2+初始浓度为25 mg·L-1时,黄原酸化污泥对Cu2+的去除率可达96.7%.吸附动力学遵循准二级动力学模型(Pseudo-second-order equation),平衡时间为3 h,吸附速率同时受膜扩散和颗粒内扩散两过程控制;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型和Freundlich等温模型,25℃下,由Langmuir模型得到的最大吸附量达142.92 mg·g-1(pH=5),且吸附容量随pH(1~5)及初始Cu2+浓度升高而升高.黄原酸化废弃污泥可作为高效重金属离子吸附剂,实现废弃资源的回收利用.     

从分子质量的变化分析有机物对GAC吸附内分泌干扰物(BPA)的影响

从分子质量分布的角度研究了水中有机物对颗粒活性炭(GAC)吸附双酚A(BPA)容量及吸附速率的影响.结果表明,相对于以去离子水为本底的BPA溶液来说,GAC吸附以滤后水、臭氧后出水和原水为本底的BPA溶液的Langmuir模型的最大吸附容量q_m值分别下降了29.95%、43.56%和44.44%,而其拟二级动力学模型的k₂值分别下降了43.05%、49.75%和56.38%.相对分子质量3 000以上,尤其是10 000以上的有机物堵塞GAC的二级微孔;3 000以下,尤其是1 000以下的有机物与BPA分子之间存在直接的竞争吸附,是导致GAC对BPA的吸附容量以及吸附速率下降的主要原因.     

ADSORPTION OF PHOSPHATE BY RIVER PARTICULATE MATTER1

ABSTRACT: The adsorption of phosphate on particulate matter from the Illinois and Spoon Rivers was investigated. Adsoprtion reached equilibrium after 5 to 6 days and adsorption isotherms were linear for both constant and varying amounts of particulate matter. Adsorption was maximum at pH 8.3 – 8.4 and minimum at 6.0. Rates of adsorption were influenced by the equilibrium concentration of phosphate-P and were essentially the same for the Illinois and Spoon Rivers. However, the quantity of phosphate-P adsorbed per unit weight of particulate matter differed for the two streams with that in the Illinois River exhibiting an adsorption capacity 7 times that of the Spoon River.     

Al-CTMAB复合膨润土同时吸附处理水中菲和磷酸根

用AlCl₃和溴化十六烷基三甲基铵(CTMAB)共同改性制得无机-有机复合膨润土Al-CTMAB-Bent,并研究其同时吸附处理水中菲和PO₄^3-的性能.结果表明,在菲和PO₄^3-的初始浓度分别为1 mg/L和5 mg/L(以P计)、水土比为800∶1时,Al-CTMAB-Bent对菲和PO₄^3-的去除率分别为96.3%和90.2%.Al-CTMAB-Bent沉降性能良好,沉降1 h后剩余浊度比相应的有机膨润土下降81.4%,为解决实际污水处理中有机膨润土固-液分离难题提供依据.