双酚A在厌氧污泥上吸附行为的研究

采用批式实验研究了低浓度的内分泌干扰物双酚A在厌氧污泥上的吸附行为.实验采用高温灭菌的方法对活性污泥灭活以减小污泥降解对吸附实验的影响.研究发现,厌氧污泥对 BPA 的吸附很快,15min的吸附量可达最大吸附量的89.1%. BPA的吸附等温线可以较好地用线性模型以及Freundlich模型来描述,其在温度为10-30℃之间的有机碳归一化分配系数在 665～878的范围内. MLSS对BPA的吸附去除率有较大的影响,随着MLSS的增加, BPA 吸附去除率增加.通过吸附热力学的研究可以推断, BPA 在厌氧污泥上的吸附过程以物理吸附为主,主要是一个分配过程.污泥解吸实验表明BPA在厌氧污泥上的吸附是部分可逆的.     

废啤酒酵母泥吸附活性黑31的机理研究

探讨了废啤酒酵母泥吸附水中活性黑31的平衡、动力学规律,利用傅里叶红外光谱技术分析了废啤酒酵母泥及活性黑31的吸附官能团间的相互作用.结果表明,废啤酒酵母泥对活性黑31的吸附容易进行;20min前吸附速度都较快,2h后吸附都达到平衡;吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型.废啤酒酵母泥对活性黑31的吸附等温曲线符合Freund...     

软锰矿改性污泥活性炭对Cu~(2+)吸附特性的研究

文章对比研究了污泥活性炭(AC)和1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭(ACP)对溶液中Cu2+的吸附特性,考察了时间、pH值和吸附剂投加量等因素对吸附反应的影响。结果表明:室温下,180 min后Cu2+吸附达到平衡,pH=4.8时吸附效果最优;伪二阶动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温方程能很好地拟合两种污泥活性炭的吸附反应。通过计算,室温下,改性前后的污泥活性炭Langmuir模型的饱和吸附量Qm分别是78.13 mg/g和94.34 mg/g。在初始浓度200 mg/L,pH=5,吸附剂投加量为2g/L时,1%软锰矿改性的污泥活性炭对Cu2+的最大吸附量为90.15 mg/g,比未改性时提高了23.33%。     

几种低分子量有机酸和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲的影响

采用批量平衡试验方法,研究了根系分泌物中几种常见的低分子量有机酸(LMWOA)和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲的影响.结果表明,在供试有机酸和氨基酸的影响下黄棕壤对菲的等温吸附曲线仍呈显著的线性关系,分配作用是黄棕壤吸附菲的主导机制,供试LMWOA和氨基酸对黄棕壤吸附菲有抑制作用,且加入量越大,抑制作用越强.与氨基酸相比,LMW...     

长江口滨岸带潮滩沉积物中菲的吸附特征

以菲为多环芳烃的代表物,对长江口滨岸带潮滩沉积物进行吸附实验,并研究不同盐度、营养盐和温度条件下和不同沉积物组分对吸附的影响.结果表明,Freundlich吸附等温线能较好的拟合实验值,其KFr值与各样点TOC含量变化趋势一致,而非线性特征随样品TOC含量升高及吸附能力的增强而降低.盐度对吸附略有影响,而对于TOC含量...     

铀尾矿库渗漏地下含水层中六价铀的几种吸附反应运移模型对比

在铀尾矿地区,溶解态U(Ⅵ)渗漏到含水层中会对周围环境造成严重的威胁.使用反应运移软件PHT3D对U(Ⅵ)在含水层中的迁移和吸附过程进行模拟.结果表明,相比于不考虑吸附情形,考虑吸附的U(Ⅵ)反应迁移阻滞现象明显.线性和Langmuir吸附等温线模型在水动力条件复杂、地球化学条件多变时的模拟效果与表面络合模型相比较差,甚至有时得到与实际相反的结果,这说明了传统Kd吸附经验模型的局限性.由表面络合模型计算得出的分配系数Kd值是时空变化的,其更能反映实际中多变水化学条件下的吸附过程,适合描述复杂的不同水文地球化学条件.     

Mechanism and kinetics of aluminum dissolution during copper sorption by acidity paddy soil in South China

Soil aggregates were prepared from a bulk soil collected from paddy soil in the Taihu Lake region and aluminum (Al) dissolution, solution pH changes during copper (Cu^2 +) sorption were investigated with static sorption and magnetic stirring. Kinetics of Cu^2 + sorption and Al dissolution were also studied by magnetic stirring method. No Al dissolution was observed until Cu^2 + sorption was greater than a certain value, which was 632, 450, 601 and 674 mg/kg for sand, clay, silt, and coarse silt fractions, respectively. Aluminum dissolution increased with increasing Cu^2 + sorption and decreasing solution pH. An amount of dissolved Al showed a significant positive correlation with non-specific sorption of Cu^2 + (R² > 0.97), and it was still good under different pH values (R² > 0.95). Copper sorption significantly decreased solution pH. The magnitude of solution pH decline increased as Cu^2 + sorption and Al dissolution increased. The sand and clay fraction had a less Al dissolution and pH drop due to the higher ferric oxide, Al oxide and organic matter contents. After sorption reaction for half an hour, the Cu^2 + sorption progress reached more than 90% while the Al dissolution progress was only 40%, and lagged behind the Cu^2 + sorption. It indicated that aluminum dissolution is associated with non-specific sorption.     

高岭土对喹诺酮类抗生素吸附特性的初步研究

以高岭土为吸附剂进行2种喹诺酮类抗生素(诺氟沙星和环丙沙星)的静态吸附实验,考察平衡时间、初始浓度、pH值、阳离子种类与强度等对吸附性能的影响.结果表明,高岭土对诺氟沙星和环丙沙星的吸附过程均符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附速率常数分别为0.021 kg/(mg·h)和0.156 ks/(mg·h);诺氟沙星和环丙沙星可划...     

非平衡吸附对核素迁移的影响及平衡速率参数的确定

放射性核素以水为载体在多孔介质中迁移时,吸附和解吸作用不容忽视吸附和解吸是一非平衡过程．非平衡状态下吸附和解吸达到平衡的快慢程度可以用平衡速率参数a来表征本文首次定量分析了非平衡吸附对核素迁移的影响,提出基于室内分配系数实验求取a值的方法,并将室内实验得出的a值同原位核素迁移试验拟合值进行比较;结果表明用此方法求出的a值可作为非平衡吸附核素迁移数学模型的主要参数依据。     

Interaction between sorption and biodegradation processes in the contaminant transport

The main goal of this work is to examine in detail the equilibrium and non-equilibrium sorption in a multiple species contaminant transport system undergoing multiplicative Monod biodegradation kinetics, which characterizes a scenario of subsurface contamination by organic contaminants. Mathematically, the problem is given by a nonlinear advection-diffusion-reaction partial differential system coupled by the reaction terms, associated with the biodegradation process. A new operator splitting approach is proposed for treating in a sequential fashion the convective-diffusive and reactive terms. A predictor-multicorrector algorithm with Newton–Raphson and stabilized finite element (streamline-upwind Petrov-Galerkin, SUPG) methods is used in the time and spatial discretizations, respectively. Numerical results illustrate the good applicability of the present approach, corroborating the well-known observation nonlinear physical and biological processes should be inserted in the model that to better predict the contamination scenarios.