苯系物在红壤不同粒径组分上的吸附-解吸行为

根据粒径将红壤组分分为4种(0.002 mm、0.002~0.05mm、0.05~0.25 mm、0.25~2 mm),研究了苯系物(邻二甲苯、对二甲苯和乙苯混合物,BTEX)在不同粒径组分上的吸附-解吸行为。结果表明,两区非平衡模型可以很好地拟合红壤不同粒径组分对BTEX的吸附动力学,吸附量随红壤粒径减小而增大。红壤不同粒径组分对BTEX的吸附-解吸过程接近于线性(R20.98),Kd随粒径减小而增大,表明红壤粒径的差异极大地影响了BTEX的吸附行为。同时,BTEX在红壤不同粒径组分上的解吸存在不同程度的滞后现象,滞后系数HI随粒径减小而增大。BTEX的解吸滞后现象比多环芳烃和石油烃明显,可能是由于BTEX的分子较小,易进入颗粒孔隙内部成为不可逆吸附部分而不容易解吸。通过XRD及FTIR分析了红壤不同粒径组分吸附BTEX前后的特征。XRD的分析结果表明,BTEX主要吸附于高岭石和伊利石表面;FTIR的结果表明,BTEX主要与羧酸酯、酚式羟基等官能团相结合而吸附于土壤颗粒上。     

生物炭增强黄绵土对西替利嗪的吸附作用

生物炭可以作为稳定剂控制污染物在土壤中的迁移转化,削减其环境风险.以西替利嗪(cetirizine,CTZ)为目标污染物,黄绵土为供试土壤,采用吸附批实验法,研究添加了不同质量比、不同碳化温度核桃壳生物炭的土壤对CTZ的吸附作用.结果表明,生物炭对CTZ的吸附能力均强于土壤.添加400~700℃制备的生物炭可显著增强黄绵土对CTZ的吸附能力,这主要与添加生物炭后比表面积(SA)和含碳量相比土壤增大有关.土壤-生物炭混合体系(除添加300℃制备的生物炭)对CTZ吸附分配系数的实验值相比理论值偏小.这是由于土壤和生物炭组分之间发生了一定的相互作用,土壤中有机质及其它组分会与生物炭吸附位点相互堵塞或相互竞争.添加400~700℃制备的核桃壳生物炭有利于稳定土壤中的CTZ,但溶液中CTZ浓度相对较低、添加生物炭的量相对较高时,忽略土壤与生物炭组分之间的相互作用,会高估混合体系对CTZ的吸附能力.     

改性大豆荚吸附剂对甲基蓝废水吸附性能研究

将天然大豆荚分别用氢氧化钠,硫酸,乙醇,过氧化氢进行改性,制备一系列改性大豆荚吸附剂,研究了改性大豆荚吸附阴离子染料甲基蓝废水的适宜条件及吸附机理.经筛选,采用氢氧化钠作为大豆荚的改性剂.结果表明:当甲基蓝溶液初始浓度300 mg·L-1,pH=10.0,吸附剂投加量为5 g·L-1,吸附时间为40 min时,改性大豆荚对甲基蓝废水的去除率达到96.30%,最大吸附量为57.53 mg·g-1.此吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,以化学吸附为主;Langmuir方程能较好的拟合等温吸附过程.     

源自腐殖土的溶解性有机质组分对棕壤和黑土吸附苯并三唑的影响

溶解性有机质(DOM)影响着有机污染物在土壤中的吸附行为.将从腐殖土中提取的DOM(DOMbulk)用XAD-8树脂和阴/阳离子交换树脂进行分级,用红外光谱、元素分析、紫外分光光度计和电位滴定的方法对DOM不同组分特征进行分析.用吸附批次实验方法研究了DOM不同组分对棕壤和黑土吸附苯并三唑(BTA)的影响.结果表明,DOMbulk中疏水酸性(HOA)、疏水中性(HON)、亲水酸性(HIA)、亲水碱性(HIB)和亲水中性(HIN)组分比例分别为61%、17%、6%、2%和14%.由于黑土有机碳(OC)含量高于棕壤,黑土对BTA和DOM组分的吸附能力均大于棕壤.相对于黑土,棕壤吸附DOM的标化分配系数Koc较高,其原因是棕壤中含有较多的对吸附DOM起重要作用的黏粒和粉砂.由于水分子占据DOM结合点位,DOM组分与BTA在溶液中结合较弱.DOMbulk中HIN在土壤上吸附最强.HIN的吸附增加了土壤吸附BTA的点位,增加点位的促进吸附作用大于HIN与BTA的竞争吸附作用,最终表现为促进吸附.疏水组分在土壤上的吸附较弱,产生的新吸附点位较少,主要通过竞争吸附作用抑制土壤对BTA的吸附.DOMbulk由78%的疏水组分构成,对土壤吸附BTA的影响与疏水组分相似.     

铁锰氧化物/生物炭复合材料对水中硝酸根的吸附特性

热解经过氯化铁和高锰酸钾浸渍的小麦秸秆,制备铁锰金属氧化物/生物炭复合材料,用以去除水中硝酸根.通过X射线光电子能谱和扫描电镜分析,发现复合材料表面形成了Fe(Ⅲ)/Mn(Ⅳ)二元金属氧化物颗粒.制备优化结果表明,复合材料比表面积可达153.116 m2·g-1,零电荷点可达9.76.同时,还调查了固液比、溶液初始pH值和共存阴离子等因素的影响.研究发现,复合材料在溶液pH值1.00~9.05时对NO-3的去除率维持在75.40%~78.70%,且以配位交换为主要吸附机制.共存阴离子对吸附NO-3竞争吸附的影响顺序为:Cl-SO2-4PO3-4.等温吸附实验数据符合Langmuir方程,且最大吸附量为37.361 3 mg·g-1.吸附动力学分析发现,吸附过程遵循二级动力学方程,且以化学吸附为主.热动力学分析表明,吸附过程为自发吸热过程.上述结果说明铁锰氧化物/生物炭复合材料对于去除水中NO-3具有潜在价值.     

Opposite response of phosphorus sorption to pH and ionic strength: a comparative study in two different shallow lake sediments

Phosphorus (P) sediment sorption is regarded as the most important buffering process against P increases in overlying water. In this study, two shallow eutrophic sediments (Mei and Hua) with distinct compositions were selected to assess effects of pH (from 6 to 9) and ionic strength (IS) (0, 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 M KCl) on P sorption. In Mei sediments, the P sorption decreased as pH increased (6.97–9.13), but it increased as IS increased over the pH range in question. These results could be attributed to the negatively charged surface of Mei sediments, as indicated by the salt titration curve, and the high cation exchange capacity (CEC). P sorption in Hua sediments was facilitated by a pH increase (6.12–7.49), but it was hindered by an IS increase. A reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is that calcium phosphate precipitates at high pHs and that Cl^? exchanges with P because the surface is weakly charged (small CEC). These results indicate that the sediment P sorption may have trends opposite to one another in relation to the salt change (e.g. drought and rainy season) in the lake water between the two sediments. These data provide additional support to explain P concentration variations in lakes.     

Sorption of pyrene from water by oil shale ash and mineral particles

The aim of this work was to estimate the sorption of pyrene from water solutions on mineral substrates, e.g., alumina, silica, and oil shale ash, from the Estonian thermal plant. Results obtained from this study indicate that the sorption of pyrene on mineral oxides and oil shale ash particles from water can be described with a linear equation. The sorptive capacity per weight of oil shale ash in aqueous systems was significantly lower compared with mineral adsorbents. The distribution coefficient (K_d) for pyrene in the system with particles of oil shale ash was 10–12 times lower as than for mineral adsorbents.     

Decolouring mechanism of Zhejiang diatomite. Application to printing and dyeing wastewater

We report the adsorption isotherm of methylene blue on the surface of Zhejiang and Jilin diatomite. The relationship between the adsorption isotherm and diatomite pore structure is discussed. The degree of decolouring was found to be strongly related to pH and isoelectrical value. Furnace ash residue and diatomite were found to be very effectively treating printing and dyeing wastewater.     

有机膨润土在废水处理中的应用及其进展

本文简单介绍了膨润土的基本性质，膨润土及改性膨润土在废水处理中的应用；重点综述了有机膨润土的制备方法，吸附水中有机物的性能、机理、规律及影响因素，有机膨润土在废水处理中的应用及其进展。