Isotherm and kinetic studies for the biosorption of cadmium from aqueous solution by Alhaji maurorum seed

Cadmium is an extremely toxic metal commonly found in industrial regions. Anthropogenic activity is the most important factor causing its interference to water, soil and air resources. The aim of many researches is to present remediation strategy or to remove cadmium from contaminated resources through an economical and efficient method. Cadmium adsorption from aqueous solution using Alhaji maurorum seed adsorbent has been investigated and optimized in this study. Moreover, isotherm and kinetics of adsorption process was studied. The seeds are washed by distilled water after separation from the plant, and then dried in room temperature for 48 h. They are powdered by grinder and passed through sieve no.18 as well. Adsorption process was optimized in 4 steps regarding pH, contact time, adsorption dose and initial concentration of cadmium effects. The cadmium concentration in solution was measured using ICP-OES method. The results of optimization tests showed that the optimum condition of cadmium adsorption (85.5% removal) occurs at pH of 6.5 with 20 g/L of adsorption dose for 45 min. In addition, the efficiency of adsorption process increases as the cadmium concentration reduces in the initial solution. Adsorption process follows the pseudo second-order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm with correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.99, respectively. According to the findings of this analysis, it was concluded that A. maurorum seed is a good biological adsorbent for adsorbing cadmium from aqueous solution.     

Evaluation of sorption-desorption processes for metalaxyl in natural and artificial soils

The main process controlling soil-pesticide interaction is the sorption-desorption as influenced by active soil surfaces. The sorption phenomena can influence translocation, volatility, persistence and bioactivity of a pesticide in soil. The present investigation was conducted on natural and artificial soils in order to enumerate the effect of soil components such as montmorillonite and ferrihydrite on the sorption behaviour of the fungicide metalaxyl and if sorption-desorption of the chiral pesticide affects the enantiomeric ratio. The sorption-desorption characteristics of metalaxyl were investigated by batch equilibration technique in a natural soil, two artificial soils, and in pure montmorillonite and ferrihydrite. After extraction, pesticide residues were analyzed by conventional and chiral chromatography using tandem mass spectrometry. A K_dSorp (2.3–6.5) suggests low level sorption of metalaxyl with an appreciable risk of run-off and leaching. Thus, metalaxyl poses a threat to surface and ground water contamination. Furthermore, desorption tests revealed a hysteretic effect (H ≤ 0.8) in natural and artificial soils. Significant amount of metalaxyl was found tightly bound to the adsorbents without desorbing readily after desorption cycle. Desorption of 22–56% of the total amount of the retained metalaxyl was determined. This study reveals that an artificial soil derived from different soil constituents can be used to assess their influence on sorption/desorption processes. The present investigation showed that both montmorillonite and ferrihydrite play a significant role in the sorption of metalaxyl. The sorption doesn't influence the enantiomeric ratio of racemic metalaxyl.     

碘氧化铋/钨酸铜复合材料的制备及对氟喹诺酮类抗生素的吸附性能

为开发高效抗生素吸附剂,将钨酸铜通过静电作用负载到碘氧化铋晶体表面,制备了新型多金属氧酸盐复合材料（BiOI/CuWO₄）,并以扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱与X射线能谱等对其进行表征.选用环丙沙星（CIP）、恩诺沙星（ENR）、诺氟沙星（NOR）、氧氟沙星（OFL）这4种典型氟喹诺酮类抗生素（FQs）作为研究对象,在建立同时测定这4种FQs的高效液相色谱分析方法基础上,研究了BiOI/CuWO₄对FQS的吸附性能及溶液pH值和吸附剂量等对吸附的影响.结果表明,实验浓度范围内BiOI/CuWO₄对NOR、CIP、ENR和OFL的最大吸附量分别为277.8、149.3、113.6和112.4 mg·g^-1,且能够在3 h内达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级吸附动力学模型,对CIP、ENR和OFL的吸附等温线基本复合Langmuir模型,而对NOR的吸附则更加符合Freundlich模型.与其它吸附剂相比,BiOI/CuWO₄对4种典型FQs具有较高的吸附量及较好的重复利用性,更符合实际应用需求.     

Lead removal from contaminated water using mineral adsorbents

This study records experiments undertaken to determine the suitable conditions for the use of naturally occurring minerals (talc, chalcopyrite and barite) as an adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from liquid wastes. The adsorption of lead ions from solutions containing different initial lead concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg l^–1 Pb as lead nitrate) using different size fractions (<63 m, 63–150 m) of talc, chalcopyrite and barite at different pH (3, 5, 7 and 9) and different adsorption times (24, 48, 72 and 96 hr) was examined. The results revealed that of the studied minerals, the chalcopyrite fraction at 63–150 m showed the highest adsorption capacity. The adsorption data of Pb ions was also analyzed with the help of the Langmuir and Freundlich models to evaluate the mechanistic parameters associated with the adsorption process. The adsorption isotherms obtained from the Langmuir and Freundlich equations were generally linear and the adsorption of Pb by the studied minerals was correlated with the adsorption maximum and binding energy constant of the Langmuir equation and equilibrium partition constant and binding partition coefficient of the Freundlich equation. It was concluded that the equilibrium time of adsorption was 72 hr at an optimum pH from 7 to 9. This technique might be successfully used for the removal of lead ions from liquid industrial wastes and wastewater.     

有机物在沉积物上吸附与解吸动力学常数的计算与测定

本文以二室模型为基础,研究了一种简便快速地测定有机物在自然沉积物上吸附与解吸速率常数的方法,并预测了有机物在沉积物上的浓度随时间的变化规律,得到了较好的结果。     

PHOSPHORUS RELEASE AND ASSIMILATORY CAPACITY OF TWO LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY FRESHWATER WETLAND SOILS1

ABSTRACT: Phosphorus fluxes and water quality functions of a bottomland hardwood and freshwater marsh wetland soil were compared. The effect of soil physicochemical conditions, phosphorus loading rate, and diffusive exchange between soils and the overlying food water column on phosphorus release and retention were studied. The predominantly mineral swamp forest soil displayed greater phosphorus sorption potential than the organic freshwater marsh soil. Moreover, due to its low bulk density (0.11 g cm^?3), the freshwater marsh soil surface area required for phosphorus retention is very large compared to the bottomland hardwood wetland soil. For both wetlands, soil redox status affected P release and assimilatory capacity. The more reducing the soils, the smaller their phosphorus retention capacity (greater their release). Phosphorus removal from the overlying water column into the wetland soils followed a first-order kinetic model. Under similar hydrological conditions, phosphorus was found to diffuse 1.2 times faster to the bottom. land hardwood soil than in the freshwater marsh soil. Results indicate that while the bottomland hardwood wetland soil will serve as a sink for phosphorus entering such wetland, phosphorus will be released and exported from the freshwater marsh soil into adjacent ecosystems.     

天然鸡蛋壳对污水中三价铬的吸附特性

用天然鸡蛋壳吸附处理含三价铬溶液。采用SEM-EDS技术对吸附材料进行了表征,并考察了溶液p H、接触时间、温度、吸附剂投加量、三价铬浓度、吸附材料粒径等因素对鸡蛋壳吸附三价铬的影响。最大吸附量48.6 mg/g是在低投加量0.5 g/L条件下获得,其实验条件为30℃、溶液p H=5.0、粒径0.1~0.3mm、初始浓度为100 mg/g。实验数据能较好的拟合朗缪尔等温吸附方程和准二级动力学方程。     

碳酸镁与铅的吸附和沉淀作用研究

本文系统研究了铅离子在不同初始pH值(4和7)和初始浓度(0~3 mmol/L)条件下与碳酸镁的相互作用。研究结果表明,由于碳酸镁的溶解作用和中和作用,体系的最终pH值保持在10.5左右;随着铅初始浓度的增加,体系的平衡pH值有增加的趋势,在大于0.75 mmol/L后p H值的变化不大;铅的平衡浓度随着初始浓度的增加而增加,在大于0.75 mmol/L后基本稳定;碳酸镁对铅的吸附等温线为折线型,在低浓度时的反应主要为表面配位吸附,而在高浓度时则发生表面沉淀,有Pb_3(CO_3)_2(OH)_2生成。     

不同生物质制备的生物炭对菲的吸附特性研究

以不同来源的生物质(荔枝树枝、小麦和水稻秸秆)为原料,在限氧条件下制备生物炭,对其进行表征,并进行吸附实验研究生物炭对菲的吸附特性。结果表明:生物炭的结构和理化性质随着生物质来源和热解温度的不同而呈现出明显的差异;荔枝树枝生物炭对菲的吸附能力(qe)和吸附亲和力(Koc)要明显大于小麦秸秆和水稻秸秆制备所得的生物炭,说明木本植物来源的生物炭与草本植物来源的生物炭在结构性质上有着明显的差异;不同温度(300,400,500,600℃)制备的荔枝树枝生物炭对菲的吸附研究表明,随着热解温度的升高,生物炭对菲的吸附能力(qe)和吸附亲和力(Koc)明显增强,吸附等温线的线性程度降低。生物炭吸附菲的可能机制有疏水效应、孔隙填充效应以及π-π共轭反应等。     

Development of activated carbon from Nerium oleander flower and their rapid adsorption of direct and reactive dyes

The present study investigates the thermally activated carbon derived from Nerium oleander flower which was used an adsorbent. Physicochemical properties of Nerium oleander flower carbon (NOFC) were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared for the removal of DTB (Direct Turquoise Blue) and RR-HE7B (Reactive red–HE7B) dyes from aqueous solution. Adsorption studies were carried out with different pH, adsorbent dose, contact time, and initial concentration dye solution. Optimum conditions for maximum removal of DTB and RR-HE7B was achieved to be pH 2 for both dyes, adsorbent dose of 100 mg and equilibrium time of 35 and 60 min, respectively, for NOFC. The maximum adsorption capacity of NOFC was found to be 33.33 and 19.60 mg g^?1, respectively, for the removal of dye solution. The mechanism of adsorption was studied by using different kinetic models and isotherms. The results clearly showed that the NOFC adsorption was fitted to pseudo–first-order for DTB and pseudo–second-order for RR-HE7B. Equilibrium data were well fitted with both isotherm models. According to the results, NOFC can effectively remove DTB and RR-HE7B from aqueous solutions.