Pressure-assisted ozonation of PCB and PAH contaminated sediments

Sediment contamination by recalcitrant organics such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is prevalent and of a great concern. Remediation efforts are hampered by the hydrophobic nature of the contaminants that limits their availability as well as by the sediment matrix that limits their exposure to treatment agents. Using contaminated sediment samples from the Passaic River, St. Louis River, Waukegan Harbor, and Wells National Estuarine Research Reserve, this research demonstrated a new ozonation technique that incorporates rapid, successive cycles of pressurization (690 kPa) and depressurization, enabling more effective treatment than conventional ozonation would. Conventional ozonation reached maximum 60% and 40% removal of PAHs from the Passaic River (40 mg kg(-1) initially) and St. Louis River sediment (520 mg kg(-1) initially), respectively, in 1h; however, removals ceased despite prolonged treatment for 2h. The pressure-assisted technique removed 96% of PAHs from both river sediments within 1h; it completely removed both PAHs (16 mg kg(-1) initially) and PCBs (5.1 mg kg(-1) initially) from the Waukegan Harbor sediment in 0.5 h. The heightened treatment is explained by soil aggregate fracturing upon pressure cycles that exposes the contaminants as well as by the confluence of hydrophobic contaminants and O(3) at the gas-liquid interface in the presence of microbubbles. The technique is expected to accelerate O(3) treatment of a wide range of organic contaminants, and it may provide treatment to dredged and stored contaminated sediment.     

Sequential sorption of lead and cadmium in three tropical soils

It is important to examine mechanisms of Pb and Cd sorption in soils to understand their bioavailability. The ability of three tropical soils to retain Pb, Cd, and Ca was evaluated. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the extent to which soil sorption sites are metal specific, (2) investigate the nature of reactions between metals and soil surfaces, and (3) identify how metals compete for sorption sites when they are introduced to soils sequentially or concurrently. Lead was shown to be much less exchangeable than Cd and inhibited Cd sorption. Cadmium had little effect on Pb sorption, though both Ca and Cd inhibited the adsorption of Pb at exchange sites. Lead appears to more readily undergo inner-sphere surface complexation with soil surface functional groups than either Cd or Ca. Thus, regardless of when Pb is introduced to a soil, it should be less labile than Cd.     

天然Na基膨润土吸附处理高浓度PAM废水的研究

研究了PAM在天然钠基膨润土上的吸附行为,将其应用于含高浓度PAM（100～200 mg/L）的生产废水处理。静态条件下,膨润土的吸附平衡时间为1.5 h,最有效的吸附材料投加量为100 mg/100 mL水样。实验证明,低温度变化范围和弱酸、弱碱条件对PAM的吸附行为不产生显著影响。在最佳吸附动力学条件下,以活性炭做参比,利用实验的结论对化工厂中PAM生产废水进行吸附处理,结果表明,在对PAM废水中对PAM的吸附量分别可达到30.1和22.4 mg/g,膨润土是性价比较高的吸附处理材料。     

土壤分离菌株去除水溶液中铅离子研究

金属及微生物种类、pH和接触时间是决定生物吸附效果的关键因素.从受铅污染的土壤中分离出5株有生物吸附铅离子能力的菌株,并鉴定吸附能力最强的菌株1为芽孢杆菌;试验了pH、接触时间和初始铅离子浓度对该芽孢杆菌生物吸附铅的影响,在温度为25℃时,pH值3.0、初始铅离子浓度250 mg/L、吸附时间不超过15 min有最大吸附量92.27 mg/g,此时去除率为73.82%,且25℃吸附平衡基本符合Langmuir等温模型.因此,用该芽孢杆菌生物吸附去除水溶液中铅是可行的.     

厌氧颗粒污泥对五氯酚(PCP)的吸附、解吸及生物降解

以未驯化污泥接种的升流式厌氧污泥床反应器可形成降解五氯酚（PCP）的颗粒污泥．颗粒污泥去除PCP的主要机制是生物降解作用,而不是生物吸附作用．PCP在颗粒污泥上的吸附和解吸符合Freundlich等温方程,吸附和解吸的Freundlich常数K、1/n分别为0.7857mg/gSS、0.5079和1.1095mg/gSS、0.3782,部分PCP被不可逆吸附．与其它活或死的生物材料相比,本试验形成的颗粒污泥对PCP吸附量较小．该方程较准确地表达了UASB反应器内厌氧颗粒污泥对PCP吸附量的变化规律．     

一组含氟取代苯化合物土壤吸附系数的QSPR分析

为了研究含氟取代苯化合物的环境行为,测定１４个含氟取代苯化合物的土壤有机碳吸附系数Ｋｏｃ的值,运用正辛醇／水分配系数Ｋｏｗ及分子连接性指数和量子化学参数进行了定量结构－性质相关分析,得到２个回归方程。回归方程表明Ｋｏｗ与分子连接性指数结合可较好地预测含氟取代苯化合物的Ｋｏｃ而量子化学参数的引入证明了极性作用地土壤吸际过程的影响。     

Nitrous oxide gas removal by using compost-based biofilter medium

This paper is aimed at introducing our research result in the efficiency in removing nitrous oxide gas (N2O) by using compost as a medium filter,which is actually a kind of manure derived from cow faeces at Kukusan Kelurahan farm containg wood chips and some other microorganisms.Practically speaking,N2O is a major greenhouse gas,whose continuous presence in the atmosphere is expected to last over a 100 years and produce its radiative warming effect just next to CO2.In spite of its rather small concentration in the atmosphere,it is the Number Four largest greenhouse gas contributor to the overall global warming,behind carbon dioxide,methane and water vapour.The biofiltration experiments we have conducted to explore its removing rate of N2O from flue gas help us to find various operating factors in the biofilter system.So far as we know,N2O gas has been fed from the top of the column.It was flowing through the column when it is made to get circulated with a peristaltic pump for 6 hours.The data obtained in our paper prove to be in conformity with the Langmuir adsorption model.The highest N2O gas removing efficiency can be made to be as high as 70.22% at the highest biofilter length of 50 cm with the gas flowing rate of 200 mL/min.The results of this research have finally been modeled by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula with its K value obtained being 16.949 L/mol.     

非离子表面活性剂对有机磷农药在沉积物上吸附行为的影响

用振荡平衡方法,研究了非离子表面活性剂Brij35和Brij30在沉积物上的吸附行为及其对甲基对硫磷在三种沉积物上吸附的影响.结果表明:Brij35的吸附符合Langmuir型吸附等温线;Brij30的吸附符合S型吸附等温线.对于有机质含量高的沉积物,Brij35抑制甲基对硫磷的吸附,Brij30在加入浓度大于CMC时能促进甲基对硫磷的吸附,低于CMC时则抑制甲基对硫磷的吸附.对于有机质含量低的沉积物,Brij35和Brij30均能使甲基对硫磷的吸附量增加.表面活性剂对甲基对硫磷吸附行为的影响机理为吸附态和溶解态的表面活性剂对甲基对硫磷的吸附和增溶共同作用的结果,表面活性剂吸附态对甲基对硫磷吸附的贡献主要来自于吸附并集聚于沉积物表面的表面活性剂,通过分配作用进入沉积物有机质的表面活性剂吸附态贡献率小.     

A two stage batch adsorber design for methylene blue removal to minimize contact time

The adsorption of methylene blue onto bentonite in a batch adsorber has been studied. Three kinetic models, the intraparticle diffusion equation and the pseudo first and second order equations, were selected to follow the adsorption process. Kinetic parameters, rate constants, equilibrium adsorption capacities and related correlation coefficients for each kinetic model were calculated and discussed. It was shown that the adsorption of methylene blue onto bentonite could be described by the pseudo second order equation. Adsorption of methylene blue onto bentonite followed the Langmuir isotherm. A model has been developed for the design of a two stage batch adsorber based on pseudo second order adsorption kinetics. The model has been optimized with respect to operating time in order to minimize total contact time to achieve a specified amount of methylene blue removal using a fixed mass of adsorbent. The results of two stage batch adsorber design studies showed that the required times for specified amounts of methylene blue removal significantly decreased. This design is particularly suitable for low-cost adsorbents/adsorption systems when minimising contact time is a major operational and design criterion and a significant volume of effluent needs to be treated in the minimum amount of time.     

生物质活性炭的制备及其染料废水中的应用

以城市污水厂活性污泥为原料,用3 mol/L ZnCl2溶液活化,通入水蒸气作活化气制备活性炭吸附剂.实验结果表明,温度为600℃条件下,活化时间为1 h,制得的活性炭其碘吸附值为374.10 mg/g,比表面积为381.62 m2/g,孔容积为0.25 cm3/g,微孔容积为0.11cm3/g.并进一步将生物质活性炭应用于染料废水的处理,考察了吸附时间、活性炭投加量和pH对色度及TOC的脱除效果的影响.室温下,酸性大红GR染料废水初始浓度为300 mg/L,污泥活性炭的最佳投加量为2%(质量分数),吸附15min,废水色度脱除率可达99.6%,TOC去除率可达99.7%,利用等温吸附实验作吸附等温线,吸附等温线可以用Freundlich或Langmuir方程描述.