Potential of rice husk ash in atrazine removal

An experimental study was carried out to explore the possibility of using a prepared microporous material, Rice Husk Ash (RHA) as an alternative to the commercial Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC), to remove atrazine (ATZ) pesticide from aqueous solution. The effects of contact time and pH on the adsorption were studied using the batch technique. Based on Hückel model calculations, the zwitterion behaviour of atrazine molecule was proved to be related to the pH of zero charge point of adsorbents (6.8 for RHA and 8.2 for PAC). The results showed that the Pseudo Second Order model is applicable to both adsorbents, suggesting that chemisorption is the rate-limiting step. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir model in the case of RHA, whereas the Freundlich model better fitted the equilibrium data in the PAC case, suggesting the existence of multi-layer adsorption of atrazine. The adsorption for RHA was found to be feasible and spontaneous, with a removal capacity of atrazine of more than 7?mg?g^?1. With regard to the BET surface, this removal capacity (50.5?µg_ATZ / m²_RHA) was 25% better than that PAC (37.75µg_ATZ / m²_PAC).     

西辽河流域沙土对磷的吸附行为

采用小型回填式土柱动态吸附试验研究了西辽河流域沙土对磷的吸附行为. 结果表明:沙土对磷的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附方程和Langmuir吸附方程,且前者更优. 吸附分配系数(k)平均值为31.55,磷饱和吸附量平均值为312.55 mg/kg. 沙土对磷的吸附方式以物理吸附为主,易淋失,仍存在一定的环境风险. 固定沙土中的微团聚体因存在以孔隙填充方式的磷吸附,所以其对磷的吸附能力最强,磷淋失的环境风险最小;而流动沙土对磷的吸附能力最弱,磷淋失的环境风险最大. 农田和林地沙土对磷的吸附能力最强,磷淋失的环境风险最小,是沙土的最佳利用方式. 沙土对磷的吸附分配系数及饱和吸附量与土壤w(粗黏粒),w(黏粒)和w(有机质)呈极显著正相关.      

活性炭对含铜制药废水的吸附特性

以粉末活性炭为吸附剂,采用批式试验,研究静态吸附对黄连素脱铜废水中Cu2+的去除效果,分析了吸附剂投加量(5～50 g/L),pH(1.0～5.0)和接触时间(20～600 min)对吸附效果的影响. 当pH为2.4,吸附剂投加量为30 g/L时,反应300 min即可达到吸附平衡状态. 通过对吸附动力学和吸附等温线的模型分析发现,二级吸附动力学模型能够更好地描述试验结果,对吸附平衡数据的拟合采用Langmuir吸附等温线优于采用Freundlich吸附等温线.      

土壤中2,2＇,5,5＇-四氯联苯的锁定效应及其影响因素

以2,2＇,5,5＇-四氯联苯（PCB52）为典型代表,采用微波提取法研究了土壤中多氯联苯的锁定效应及其影响因素.实验表明,老化时间、土壤的有机质含量、含水率、pH值以及老化环境温度都对土壤锁定2,2＇,5,5＇-四氯联苯的效果有显著影响.2,2＇,5,5＇-四氯联苯锁定量随着老化时间的增长而增加,添加20 d后尤为显著,之后变化缓慢,趋于平衡;随着土壤有机质含量的增加而显著增加;随着土壤含水率的增大而下降,且表现出一定的线性相关性;在pH 5.5—10.5范围内,随着土壤pH值的升高而增大;在15℃到40℃范围内随着老化环境温度的升高而降低.此外,多氯联苯自身的性质也会影响土壤对其的锁定效果.     

植物类脂的提取及对菲吸附的影响

讨论了有机溶剂极性对植物类脂提取的影响,分别采用(Ⅰ)非极性正己烷和(Ⅱ)极性三氯甲烷∶甲醇(2∶1)溶液从青椒和油麦菜干样中索氏提取植物类脂,进一步研究了上述植物干样、提取类脂和去类脂组分对菲的吸附.实验结果表明,两种方法提取得到的类脂含量不同,方法(Ⅰ)从青椒和油麦菜中提取得到类脂含量为(1.9±0.1)%和(5.0±0.4)%;而方法 (Ⅱ)提取得到的相应值分别为(2.6±0.2)%和(9.5±0.5)%.两种方法得到提取类脂对菲的吸附贡献无显著性差异(P>0.05),均约占整个青椒干样对菲吸附的20%,而油麦菜的这一比例约为60%.但采用正己烷提取可避免极性物质的析出而更好地分离类脂和去类脂组分.去类脂组分在青椒和油麦菜中对菲的吸附贡献分别约为80%和40%,即去类脂组分对菲仍有较强的吸附能力,因此不能简单视为碳水化合物.     

土壤有机碳对磺胺甲噁唑吸附的影响

以从云南元阳采集的1个水稻土和1个非耕作土,按颗粒大小分组作为模型吸附剂,探讨磺胺甲噁唑在土壤上的吸附行为与土壤有机质的关系.结果表明,梯田水稻土对磺胺甲噁唑的吸附(Kd:1.33—5.08)明显高于非耕作土(Kd:0.27—1.53).吸附强度与土壤C含量和O+N+S含量呈正相关,相关系数分别为0.953、0.917和0.769、0.809,说明土壤有机碳可能控制了磺胺甲噁唑的吸附,以有机碳为代表的憎水性吸附点位对吸附有较高的影响,憎水性作用为主导机理.     

土壤和沉积物中非水解有机碳对菲的吸附

采用改进的酸水解方法对土壤和沉积物中的有机质组分进行了分离和提取,用固体13C核磁共振（13CNMR）表征了非水解有机碳（NHC）,同时研究了不同有机质组分对菲的吸附行为,结果表明,菲的吸附等温线都呈现出明显的非线性,能很好地拟合Freundlich方程;而且NHC和碳黑（BC）比其原始和去矿样品的吸附容量都有明显提高.这些结果揭示了NHC和BC主要控制着菲在土壤和沉积物中的吸附行为.沉积物及其NHC对菲的吸附容量要高于土壤及其NHC,这与土壤和沉积物中有机质的不同来源有关.     

Thermodynamics of phenanthrene partition into solid organic matter from water

IntroductionSorptionofanorganicpollutanttosoilhasamajorinfluenceonitstransport,bioavailabilityandfateinnaturalenvironmentsanddevelopingsoilpollutionremediationtechnologies .Extensiveresearch(Chiou ,1979;1983;1985 ;1998a ;Karickhoff,1979;Kile ,1995 ;Rutherford ,1992 )suggestedthatsorptionofnonionicorganiccompounds(NOCs)fromwatertosoilisdueprimarilytothepartitioningintosoilorganicmatter(SOM ) .AdsorptionofNOCsfromwaterbyrelativelypolarsoilmineralsissuppressedbythestrongcompetitiveadsorption…     

Effect of organic fractions on sorption properties of organic pollutants in sediments

Humic substrates are a major fraction of sediment organic matters, and the sorption of hydrophobic organic chemicals by humic substrates influences their behavior and fate in sediment. In this paper, organic matters were divided into non-humic substrates and humic substrates. Non-humic substrates include acid leaching fraction, acid extracted fraction, and lipid; humic substrates were fractionated into Ca-binding-FA(fulvic acid), Ca-binding-HA (humic acid), oxide-FA, oxide-HA, and humin. To study the effect of organic fractions on sorption properties, sorption kinetic and equilibrium sorption experiments of phenanthrene and pentachlorophenol(PCP) in five sediments were carried out. The results showed that the contents of acid leaching fraction and oxide-binding-HA were the main fractions to affect the sorption rate constant, and for the sorption capacity of phenanthrene, humin was the major fraction, followed by oxide-binding-HA, oxidebinding-FA, and so on. While for PCP, the factors of influence on sorption capacity were mainly CEC, Ca-binding-FA, and Ca-binding-HA.     

萘和菲在黄土上的吸附动力学

研究了萘和菲在天然黄土和阳离子表面活性剂改性黄土上的吸附动力学过程。结果表明,萘和菲在阳离子表面活性剂改性黄土上吸附速率比在天然黄土上的快,同时吸附数据都能很好的符合一级动力学方程;吸附速率与起始浓度、温度及黄土本身的性质有关;萘和菲的吸附速率常数k与温度T成负相关。吸附反应的活化能分别为:-6.196~-1.172kJ/mol和-28.86~-15.70kJ/mol;萘和菲在天然黄土和阳离子改性黄土上的吸附速率由膜扩散和孔扩散过程控制,实验数据可以用扩散动力学方程拟合。本研究为理解多环芳烃在土壤中的迁移规律提供了理论基础,同时有助于理解土壤环境中石油污染物的迁移。