物化法处理制罐生产废水

根据调查研究制罐（铝质易拉罐）生产废水的来源、水质及水量，提出了“酸化破乳、中和、混凝沉淀、过滤、活性炭吸附”的处理工艺。利用实验室试验结果，在某制罐厂建成一座处理规模为４００ｍ３／ｄ的废水处理站。废水经处理后，各项指标均符合排放标准。     

土壤对煤矸石填充时地下水中F-、SO42-的吸附规律

通过室内静态模拟浸泡试验,文章探讨了平煤集团十二矿附近的土壤对该矿煤矸石井下填充过程中地下水溶出的F-和SO42-的吸附性能.研究发现:土壤对F-吸附效果较好,而对SP42-较差;改性土壤对F-和SO42-的吸附效果均较好,均能使其在地下水中的含量达到地下水Ⅲ类标准;F-和SO42-在改性土壤上的吸附等温模型分别符合Freundlich、Temkin等温式;改性土壤对F-和SO42-的解吸过程分为快速和慢速两个反应阶段.通过试验数据分析得出:井下填充时煤矸石和改性土壤的最佳配比为1∶0.26.     

Optimization, equilibrium, adsorption behavior and role of surface functional groups on graphene oxide-based nanocomposite towards diclofenac drug

Aquatic contamination of diclofenac (DCF), an emergent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAIDs), can result in adverse effects to many ecosystems through biomagnification. Hence, introducing effective remediation techniques to sequester the pharmaceutical wastes is highly fundamental to prevent their accumulation in the environment. Generally, adsorption has been presented as a green and efficient approach. Herein, we report the characterization and application of the novel magnetic nanocomposite ([email protected]₂O₄) derived from cobalt-based ferrite (CoFe₂O₄) and graphene oxide (GO) for DCF adsorption. For the optimization procedure, the response surface methodology (RSM) was adopted to investigate the impacts of DCF concentration (1.6–18.4 mg/L), DCF dosage (0.08–0.92 g/L), and solution pH (2.6–9.4) to find the optimum conditions for DCF removal, at 10.5 mg/L, 0.74 g/L, and pH 4, respectively. For the adsorption experiments, the kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and intraparticle diffusion models were systematically studied. Moreover, we have elucidated the role of functional groups on the surface of [email protected]₂O₄ in enhancing the adsorption of DCF drug. With good removal efficiency (up to 86.1%), high maximum adsorption capacity (32.4 mg/g), [email protected]₂O₄ can be a potential candidate to eliminate DCF drug from water.     

军港舰船油污水间歇式处理系统的研究

阐述了军港油污水间歇式处理系统的组成和处理工艺流程；较详细地分析了该系统用的无机一有机复合混凝剂和高效亲脂吸附过滤材料的性能，以及在舰船油污水处理中发挥的重要作用；试验研究表明，该处理系统工艺不复杂、操作方便，而且科技含量高、处理效果好。     

Adsorption-desorption behavior of acetochlor to soils in the presence of some environmental substances

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｈｅｒｂｉｃｉｄｅａｃｅｔｏｃｈｌｏｒ [2 ｃｈｌｏｒｏ Ｎ (ｅｔｈｏｘｙｍｅｔｈｙｌ) Ｎ (2 ｅｔｈｙｌ 6 ｍｅｔｈｙｌｐｈｅｎｙｌ)ａｃｅｔａｍｉｄｅ]ｈａｓｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ,ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｅｄｔｏｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｉｔｓｆａｔｅａｎｄｔｒａｎｓｐｏｒｔｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔ.Ｆｏｒｍｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｓｏｌｄａｓｅｍｕｌｓｉｆｉａｂｌ…     

Assessment of labile phosphorus fractions and adsorption characteristics in relation to soil properties of West African savanna soils

A large proportion of total P in the soils of the area is unavailable to plants and consequently P is the second most limiting nutrient. The labile and moderately labile phosphorus fractions and adsorption characteristics of surface and subsurface horizons of eleven soil profiles in the derived savanna (DS) and the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of West Africa were assessed. The labile P fractions are the resin and HCO₃-extractable inorganic (Pi) and organic (Po) P. The moderately labile fractions are the NaOH-extractable portion of soil P in the Hedley sequential procedure. In the DS soils, the resin P, considered the most readily available fraction, varied from 1 to 14 mg kg⁻¹, HCO₃-Pi ranged from 3.3 to 11, and HCO₃-PO was between 4 and 12 mg kg⁻¹ in the surface horizon. In the NGS, the topsoil contained 1.5–3 mg kg⁻¹ of resin P, 5–8 mg kg⁻¹ of HCO₃-Pi, and 7.5–9.7 mg kg⁻¹ of HCO₃-Po. Sodium hydroxide-Po was the largest of the fractions in all the soils studied. It ranged from 23 to 55 mg kg⁻¹ in the topsoil. In general, the labile P levels were higher in soils of the DS than of the NGS and were related to the oxalate-extractable Fe (Fe_ox), and Al (Al_ox) as well as to soil texture. The subsoil of Kasuwan Magani (profile KS 9–21 cm) required 153 mg P kg⁻¹ to maintain 0.2 mg P l⁻¹ in solution (standard P requirement), and Danayamaka (profile DD 7–32 cm) required 145 mg P kg⁻¹. These could translate to 214 and 200 kg P ha⁻¹ if a plow layer of 10 cm is assumed. Because these are within the plow layer, more P fertilizer would be needed for crop production than in the other soils. The standard P requirement and the adsorption maxima were related to Fe_ox and Al_ox, dithionite-Fe (Fe_d), and texture. The increase in labile P content with decreasing Fe_ox and Al_ox could imply that management practices capable of reducing the activities of Fe and Al in solution might improve P availability.     

CrⅥ adsorption on four typical soil colloids: equilibrium and kinetics

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｒｏｍｉｕｍ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｔｏｘｉｃｔｏｍａｎａｎｄｏｔｈｅｒｌｉｖｉｎｇｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ,ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｓｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｌｙｓｅｒｉｏｕｓｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｏｕｔｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ .ＣｈｒｏｍｉｕｍｍａｉｎｌｙｅｘｉｓｔｓｉｎｔｗｏｆｏｒｍｓａｓＣｒⅢ ａｎｄＣｒⅥ .ＣｒⅢｉｓｏｆｌｅｓｓｐｏｉｓｏｎｏｕｓｎｅｓｓ,ｂｕｔＣｒⅥ ｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｓａｓｔｒｏｎｇｔｏｘｉｃｉｔｙ .ＷｈｅｎＣｒⅥｉｓｄｉｓｃｈａｒｇｅｄｉｎｔｏｗａ…     

利用多台首波Pn、直达波Pg走时确定地壳厚度及波速

本文通过对首波Pn、直达波Pg的走时的反演,推导出地壳厚度、震源深度、P波在地壳中、壳幔边界的传播速度之间的关系式,利用多台地震记录确定一个区域内这些参数的值,从而建立出该区域的地壳模型。     

水葫芦气囊预处理黄姜皂素废水的研究

研究利用水葫芦的气囊对皂素生产废水进行预处理的效果,通过对比试验,结果表明：干燥的水葫芦气囊在吸附处理综合皂素废水后COD降低率为20%.经水葫芦预处理吸附后皂素废水可生化性提高,厌氧反应产气速率提高1.5倍左右.经过吸附处理后的水葫芦自身的产气效率也有所提高.     

天然水颗粒电动电位的化学模型

结合表面络合化学和双电层物理理论建立天然水颗粒电动电位(即ζ电位)与颐粒表面固有的化学性质及天然水化学条件之间的定量关系。在不同化学条件下,对均匀胶体颗粒(包括聚苯乙烯Latex颗粒和α-Fe_2O_3颗粒)进行电泳测定来验证该模型。结果表明,颗粒表面ζ电位与颗粒表面离子化官能团(—COOH或—OH)的化学性质、天然水pH值和专属吸附的阴阳离子(Ca~(2+)和PO_4~(3-))有密切关系。