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601.
The removal of As(III) and As(V) from aqueous solution was investigated using waste cast iron, which is a byproduct of the iron casting process in foundries. Two types of waste cast iron were used in the experiment: grind precipitate dust (GPD) and cast iron shot (CIS). The X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of Fe0 on GPD and CIS. Batch experiments were performed under different concentrations of As(III) and As(V) and at various initial pH levels. Results showed that waste cast iron was effective in the removal of arsenic. The adsorption isotherm study indicated that the Langmuir isotherm was better than the Freundlich isotherm at describing the experimental result. In the adsorption of both As(III) and As(V), the adsorption capacity of GPD was greater than CIS, mainly due to the fact that GPD had higher surface area and weight percent of Fe than CIS. Results also indicated the removal of As(III) and As(V) by GPD and CIS was influenced by the initial solution pH, generally decreasing with increasing pH from 3.0 to 10.5. In addition, both GPD and CIS were more effective at the removal of As(III) than As(V) under given experimental conditions. This study demonstrates that waste cast iron has potential as a reactive material to treat wastewater and groundwater containing arsenic. 相似文献
602.
不同利用方式对草甸草原抗风蚀能力的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了解不同利用方式对呼伦贝尔草甸草原抗风蚀能力的影响,采用植被凋查结合风洞实验的方法对不同利用方式条件下的草甸草原植被变化和草甸草原原状土的抗风蚀能力进行了研究.结果表明,草甸草原不同利用强度条件下临界风蚀风速(v)随植被盖度(Cover)的变化基本服从二次幂函数关系.随着利用强度的增加,植被盖度降低,在同样风速条件下(大于临界风蚀风速),风蚀率迅速增加.较轻的利用强度下,当植被盖度保持在63%时,在风速为25 m/s条件下风蚀率也很小,而当植被盖度<35%时,在风速为20~25 m/s条件下,风蚀率随植被盖度的下降迅速上升.草甸草原区的免耕农田由于完全失去植被的保护,每分钟狂风(25 m/s)造成的土壤风蚀量达到682.1 kg/hm2,接近1 a的土壤平均生成量(1 000 kg/hm2). 相似文献
603.
秸秆高固体厌氧消化预处理实验研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6
农作物秸秆含有大量难降解的木质素,难于直接被厌氧微生物利用,降低了高固体厌氧消化技术处理农作物秸秆的效率.本研究采用4种不同化学药剂浸泡的方法对秸秆进行预处理以破坏木质素结构、加快高固体厌氧消化的进程.实验分别利用浸泡液COD浓度、COD溶出总量和14 d加速产气实验结果来表征预处理效果,考察了预处理药剂种类、浓度,预处理时间、温度,秸秆种类及其破碎程度等因素对预处理效果的影响.结果表明,NaOH溶液是预处理效果最好的药剂,提高秸秆的破碎程度和预处理温度,同样能提高预处理效果.利用4 mg/L的NaOH进行秸秆预处理,14 d加速产气实验共产气约1?500 mL(10 g秸秆);预处理24 h后其浸泡液COD浓度达到39?000 mg/L.经过NaOH溶液预处理,秸秆中难降解木质素的含量从28%下降到19%,有利于提高高固体厌氧消化技术处理秸秆的效率. 相似文献
604.
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606.
Chemical signals of epiphytic lichens in southwestern North America; natural versus man-made sources for airborne particulates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Stephen R. Getty David S. Gutzler Yemane Asmerom Charles K. Shearer Scott J. Free 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1999,33(30):2261
Ambient airborne particulate matter (PM) in southwestern North America consists of naturally derived desert dust, plus anthropogenic inputs from several sources. Epiphytic lichens (Usnea sp.) in this region are a useful biomonitor for the airborne PM because they derive nutrients and moisture largely from incorporated atmospheric aerosols, and not by absorption from the host tree limb from which they are suspended. Using a broad-based sampling strategy from southern Chihuahua, Mexico, to northern New Mexico, USA, we show that select elemental abundance ratios and lead isotopes from epiphytic lichens are useful for distinguishing between sources of airborne PM, and for gauging anthropogenic inputs into desert ecosystems. Abundance patterns of the trace elements La, Nd, and Sm in the lichens suggest origination from continental crust, but rare earth elements display a pronounced enrichment relative to the major element Fe by a factor of about 5. This enrichment appears related to geologic weathering, aeolian transport, and grain-size biases toward trace-element-rich mineral grains in the arid setting. Using the metal Pb as an indicator of human inputs, epiphytic lichens typically show Pb enrichments by a factor of about 25–60 over typical upper crustal values. Regional-scale differences in Pb isotope ratios of these lichens relate to different pollutant sources in southwestern North America. 相似文献
607.
Xiaoming Jiang Jun Wang Baozhu Pan Dianbao Li Yuzhu Wang Xinyuan Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(2):355-365
We measured the concentrations of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb and Hg, and the stable isotope ratios( δ13C and δ15N) in 87 fish samples within 12 economic fish species collected from the Dongting Lake, the second largest freshwater lake in China. With few exceptions in concentration of Cr, most of fish species showed lower concentrations of the 8 metals than legislation thresholds. Piscivorous fishes had significantly higher values of δ15N(possessing higher trophic... 相似文献
608.
609.
SBR法处理城市生活污水的研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
介绍了SBR法处理城市生活污水的小试。结果表明:SBR法能获取较好的出水水质。总BOD、溶解性BOD、总COD、溶解性COD、氨氮和悬浮物去除率分别为94.4/~96.6%,92.6%~96.2%,84.1%~87.3%,61%~69%,78.1%~84.3%和91.9%~95.1%。为了适应农业灌溉的需要,还应采取深层石英砂过滤进一步降低浊度。 相似文献
610.
B. Kienzler P. Vejmelka J. Rmer E. Fanghnel M. Jansson T. E. Eriksen P. Wikberg 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2003,61(1-4):219
Within the scope of a bilateral cooperation between Svensk Kärnbränslehantering (SKB) and Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut für Nukleare Entsorgung (FZK-INE), an actinide migration experiment is currently being performed at the Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) in Sweden. This paper covers laboratory and in situ investigations on actinide migration in single-fractured granite core samples. For the in situ experiment, the CHEMLAB 2 probe developed by SKB was used. The experimental setup as well as the breakthrough of inert tracers and of the actinides Am, Np and Pu are presented. The breakthrough curves of inert tracers were analyzed to determine hydraulic properties of the fractured samples. Postmortem analyses of the solid samples were performed to characterize the flow path and the sorbed actinides. After cutting the cores, the abraded material was analyzed with respect to sorbed actinides. The slices were scanned optically to visualize the flow path. Effective volumes and inner surface areas were measured.In the experiments, only breakthrough of Np(V) was observed. In each experiment, the recovery of Np(V) was ≤40%. Breakthrough of Am(III) and Pu(IV) as well as of Np(IV) was not observed. 相似文献