氚在黏土矿物等多孔介质中的滞留机制

通过电感耦合等离子体光谱(ICP)、热重(TG)等分析方法对黏土矿物的结构成分、加热特性等进行了检测;通过蒸馏冷凝等实验,实现了对吸附后黏土矿物的吸附水、层间水、结构水的分离,检测了氚在黏土矿物结构内外各类型水中的分布;通过红外吸收光谱(IR)等分析方法对氚在黏土矿物结构中的吸附位置及形态进行了检测研究;通过同位素效应...     

花岗岩铀地球化学特征新认识——以赣南富城产铀花岗岩体为例

对富城花岗岩U、T h含量分析结果进行的频数统计分析表明富城花岗岩U的均值为8.92×1-0 6、众数为8.0×10-6、中位数为7.03×1-0 6,其概率密度曲线偏向高端呈右偏非对称分布(偏度系数CSK=1.10)。T h的均值、众数和中位数三者一致,分别为25.7×10-6,25.75×10-6,25.8×1-0 6,其概率密度曲线呈对称正态分布(偏度系数CSK=0.11)。核诱发裂变径迹研究查明富城花岗岩中铀有4种存在形式:(1)显微粒状铀矿物(晶质铀矿);(2)以类质同像形式存在于锆石、磷灰石等副矿物之中;(3)均匀分散赋存在造岩矿物晶格之中的结构铀;(4)沿造岩矿物(长石、石英)微裂隙及粒间分布的非结构铀。对富城花岗岩铀配分研究发现,赋存在造岩矿物中均匀分散状的结构铀含量与全岩铀不呈消长关系,而是存在一定的极限值:长石、石英<3×1-0 6,白云母<5×10-6,黑云母<9×10-6。溶浸实验结果表明,富城花岗岩活动性铀浸出率很高(平均值52%),为富城花岗岩具有较大铀成矿潜力提供了佐证。     

地下水年龄在地下水研究中的应用研究进展

近些阜,同位素和示踪技术广泛地应用于地下水研究中,其中以对地下水定年的研究尤为突出.本文通过研究国内外大量的研究实例,分析得出地下水年龄在评价地下水更新能力,正确认识地下水运动和溶质迁移规律,以及约束地下水模型参数等方面具有重要作用;同对指出地下永定年不仅受到地下水混合作用、气-水-岩作用等自然因素的影响,还受到人类活...     

二氧化硫在潮湿气溶胶表面的氧化速率研究

将稳定同位素方法应用于闽南地区SO₂在潮湿气溶胶表面氧化动力学研究中,在对大气中SO₂的稳定硫同位素及大气气溶胶中可溶性硫的硫稳定同位素丰度的测定的基础上,用硫稳定同位素动力学方程计算SO₂在潮湿气溶胶表面氧化速率与均相氧化速率比?结果表明:漳州地区潮湿气溶胶表面SO₂非均相和均相氧化速率之比:K非/K均为1.13,厦门地区SO₂非均相和均相氧化速率之比:K_非/K_均为0.36,这种差异主要是由相对湿度不同引起的。      

Environmental Isotopes for Resolution of Hydrology Problems

The use of environmental isotopes as tracers in the hydrosphere is increasing as analytical instrumentation improves and more applications are discovered. There exists still misconceptions on the role of isotopes in resolving hydrology problems. Naturally occurring isotopes in the environment describe hydrological processes, estimate ages, fingerprint sources and pathways, yet are not subject to the regulatory restraints of artificial isotope injections nor the limited extent of many chemical tracers, particularly dyes and particulates. A short review is presented for practicing hydrologists on the basis for employing stable and radioactive isotopes and a synopsis of recent isotope hydrology applications is provided. Special focus is presented on the emergent role of water isopopes (¹⁸O, ²H, ³H) in wet-weather flow research in urban watersheds. A brief technical approach for an experimental site in the Mill Creek Watershed, Ohio is outlined.     

东寨港流域地表水水化学组成特征及其成因

为研究滨海地区地表水资源和红树林生态系统的水环境,利用水化学分析、数理统计和Gibbs水-岩分析模型等方法对东寨港流域内演丰西河和三江河两条河流水体的水化学组成和氢氧稳定同位素特征进行分析,揭示了演丰西河和三江河河流地表水的水化学组成特征,讨论了该区域地表水的水化学组分变化及其控制因素.结果 表明:演丰西河地表水的水化...     

铁的环境地球化学综述

本文详细介绍了铁在表生地球化学环境中的存在状态,亚铁的氧化动力学,铁微生物地球化学及铁在表生带迁移转化的环境学意义,强调了铁环境地球化学研究的重要性     

鲴鲢鳙混养系统中微生物对氮素迁移转化的影响

通过实验室模拟富营养化水体进行鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)鳙(Aristichthys nobilis)鲴(Plagiogathops micrloepis Bleeker)混养,结合同位素标记与微生物检测,研究其中沉积物微生物群落的变化及其对氮素迁移转化的影响,揭示鲢鳙鲴混养作用机制....     

黄河下游水体悬浮颗粒物中金属元素的地球化学行为

为调查黄河下游颗粒物的风化状况以及重金属变化规律及其污染程度,于2009年6~7月调水调沙期间(每日)及2010年4月至2011年11月(每月中旬)对垦利浮桥水体颗粒物进行采样调查.样品经消解后采用ICP-AES测定其中Al、Na、K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、V的含量.采用化学风化指数(CIA)来衡量硅酸盐的化学风化程度,结果表明,黄河流域颗粒物化学风化程度为中等,近30年来颗粒物化学风化程度没有明显变化.黄河下游颗粒物中重金属(Cu、Zn、Cr、Ni、V)浓度呈现出冬季高夏季低的变化规律,调水调沙期间重金属浓度降低后期略有回升,这一变化规律主要是受泥沙的稀释及颗粒物粒径等因素影响.重金属富集因子(EF)的计算表明,黄河下游Zn具有中等程度的污染,其他元素无明显污染.提取3个因子对黄河下游颗粒物的化学组成因素进行分析,颗粒物主要受风化的影响,同时也受径流量以及人类活动的影响.     

Microbial communities biostimulated by ethanol during uranium (VI) bioremediation in contaminated sediment as shown by stable isotope probing

Stable isotope probing (SIP) was used to identify microbes stimulated by ethanol addition in microcosms containing two sediments collected from the bioremediation test zone at the US Department of Energy Oak Ridge site, TN, USA. One sample was highly bioreduced with ethanol while another was less reduced. Microcosms with the respective sediments were amended with ¹³C labeled ethanol and incubated for 7 days for SIP. Ethanol was rapidly converted to acetate within 24 h accompanied with the reduction of nitrate and sulfate. The accumulation of acetate persisted beyond the 7 d period. Aqueous U did not decline in the microcosm with the reduced sediment due to desorption of U but continuously declined in the less reduced sample. Microbial growth and concomitant ¹³C-DNA production was detected when ethanol was exhausted and abundant acetate had accumulated in both microcosms. This coincided with U(VI) reduction in the less reduced sample. ¹³C originating from ethanol was ultimately utilized for growth, either directly or indirectly, by the dominant microbial community members within 7 days of incubation. The microbial community was comprised predominantly of known denitrifiers, sulfate-reducing bacteria and iron (III) reducing bacteria including Desulfovibrio, Sphingomonas, Ferribacterium, Rhodanobacter, Geothrix, Thiobacillus and others, including the known U(VI)-reducing bacteria Acidovorax, Anaeromyxobacter, Desulfovibrio, Geobacter and Desulfosporosinus. The findings suggest that ethanol biostimulates the U(VI)-reducing microbial community by first serving as an electron donor for nitrate, sulfate, iron (III) and U(VI) reduction, and acetate which then functions as electron donor for U(VI) reduction and carbon source for microbial growth.