Measuring and analyzing adaptive capacity at management levels of resilient systems

Resilience engineering (RE) is capable of handling disruptive events and controlling their consequences in process industries such as petrochemical plants. This study aims at analyzing the level of adaptive capacity and identifying effective factors on developing adaptive capacity in the organizational structure of process industries. The data of this study were obtained through direct observation and a structured questionnaire in a petrochemical plant. Managers at all levels participated in the survey. Data envelopment analysis (DEA), which is a mathematical approach, was used to compute and analyze the role of the factors contributing to adaptive capacity. The results indicated that reporting safety issues played a central role in enhancing adaptive capacity at all management levels. Both middle management and low-level management emphasized the importance of management commitment, whereas top-level management considered flexibility as a vital factor in managing disruptions and reducing accidents. The findings of this study could be useful for managers and other decision-makers to improve safety in process industries.     

贵州省旅游扶贫发展浅析

旅游业在国民经济发展中发挥着重要作用,尤其在消除贫困方面。选择贵州旅游作为研究对象,分析贵州旅游资源概况及旅游业发展现状,阐述贵州旅游业发展在消除贫困方面的作用以及贵州旅游扶贫战略的必要性和可行性,提出旅游扶贫中出现的问题并找到相应的解决办法,为贵州省和类似贫困山区旅游扶贫发展提供思路。     

基于纠错码的指纹加密算法研究

对指纹加密算法进行整体介绍,并加入纠错机制,设计了带纠错功能的指纹加密算法。该法利用二进制序列发生器生成随机以多项式的系数形式的密钥,将指纹点加密,在密钥恢复阶段用拉格朗日差值来恢复多项式,并利用循环冗余校验码进行校验,可以保证找到最准确的密钥来保证多项式的准确度。实验结果表明:利用带有纠错码的模糊金库算法很好地实现了指纹模板的加密和解密,从而达到了保护生物信息安全的要求;通过密钥长度增长可以提高系统的安全性能。     

安全生产责任的制度整合与伦理道德建设

在分析安全生产责任危机含义和安全生产责任概念基础上,指明安全生产责任体系的"四要素",即道德责任、政治责任、法律责任与管理责任,重点阐明道德责任是该体系的基础要素及其意义。根据对我国现有安全生产责任制度的分析,提出一个关于安全生产责任制度建设的伦理框架:强化安全生产责任意识;用人权伦理原则对安全生产责任制度伦理化;以特定的安全生产责任的伦理规范和准则构建责任规则系统;强化责任主体道德素质培养与监察制度建设,促使其自觉履行好自身应负的安全生产责任。总之,该理论框架为安全生产责任制度建立提供一个新的伦理学基础。     

公钥基础设施(PKI)安全性研究

详细介绍公钥基础设施(PKI)的基本概念、PKI的基本框架组成以及其各部分的主要特征、功能;重点对PKI的安全性问题作了剖析,当前PKI的最主要安全缺陷表现在两个方面:其一,政策性缺陷即PKI本身的标准不一,没有一个统一的国际标准;其二,即PKI在应用中的合理性问题主要包括其证书认证、密钥的安全性以及密钥的长度等问题。对于PKI的自身及其使用缺陷,笔者认为应由相关权威部门尽早地制定出一套统一的标准,另外,还要相应地增强其公钥加密算法以及采用合理的密钥长度,进而完善证书的颁发、撤销以及认证等问题。     

Effect-Directed Analysis of Key Toxicants in European River Basins. A Review (9 pp)

Background, Aim and Scope Extensive monitoring programs on chemical contamination are run in many European river basins. With respect to the implementation of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD), these programs are increasingly accompanied by monitoring the ecological status of the river basins. Assuming an impact of chemical contamination on the ecological status, the assignment of effects in aquatic ecosystems to those stressors that cause the effects is a prerequisite for taking political or technical measures to achieve the goals of the WFD. Thus, one focus of present European research is on toxicant identification in European river basins in order to allow for a reduction of toxic pressure on aquatic ecosystems according to the WFD. Main Features: An overview is presented on studies that were performed to link chemical pollution in European river basins to measurable ecotoxic effects. This includes correlation-based approaches as well as investigations that apply effect-directed analysis (EDA) integrating toxicity testing, fractionation and non-target chemical analysis. Effect-based key toxicants that were identified in European surface waters are compiled and compared to EU priority pollutants. Further needs for research are identified. Results: Studies on the identification of effect-based key toxicants focused on mutagenicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated effects, endocrine disruption, green algae, and invertebrates. The identified pollutants include priority pollutants and other well-known environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans, and biphenyls, nonylphenol, some pesticides and tributyltin, but also other compounds that were neither considered as environmental pollutants before nor regulated such as substituted phenols, natural or synthetic estrogens and androgens, dinaphthofurans, 2-(2-naphthalenyl)benzothiophene, and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine. Discussion: Individual studies at specific sites in a European river basin demonstrated the power of combined biological and chemical analytical approaches and, particularly, of effect-directed analysis. However, the available information on effect-based key toxicants is very limited with respect to the entirety of rivers possibly at risk due to chemical contamination and with respect to toxicological endpoints considered at a specific site. A relatively broad basis of information exists only for estrogenicity and aryl hydrocarbon, receptor-mediated effects. Conclusions: The development of tools and strategies for an identification of key toxicants on a broader scale are a challenging task for the next years. Since investigations dealing with toxicant identification are too labor and cost-intensive for monitoring purposes, they have to be focused on the key sites in a river basin. These should include hot spots of contamination, particularly if there is evidence that they might pose a risk for downstream areas, but may also involve accumulation zones in the lower reach of a river in order to get an integrated picture on the contamination of the basin. Perspectives: While EDA is almost exclusively based on measurable effects in in vitro and in vivo biotests to date, an increasing focus in the future should be on the integration of EDA into Ecological Risk Assessment and on the development of tools to confirm EDA-determined key toxicants as stressors in populations, communities and ecosystems. Considering these requirements and applied in a focused way, toxicant identification may significantly help to implement the Water Framework Directive by providing evidence on the main stressors and possible mitigation measures in order to improve the ecological status of a river ecosystem.     

长江南京段重点污染源有机污染物的定性分析

参考美国EPA相关分析方法,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对沿江重点污染源入江废水中有机物状况进行定性分析,共检出18类82种有机物,其中13种属中国优先控制污染物,分属6类有机物;10种属美国EPA优先控制污染物,分属7类有机物。通过查明入江污染源有机污染状况,为环境风险事故防范和应急预案的建立提供了科学依据。     

网络创意产业、低碳经济与上海都市型工业园转型

兴起于1990年代的都市型工业园为大都市经济发展、城市充分就业、城市空间合理利用做出了积极贡献。然而面临信息技术快速发展、低碳城市建设和大都市新经济迅速兴起,都市型工业园转型势在必行。深入剖析网络创意产业与低碳经济的本质,认为网络创意产业是都市型工业园转型和发展低碳经济的首选。以上海为例,采用统计方法对比分析都市工业行业发展现状和制约因素,从创意产业和低碳经济的内涵针对都市工业园转型,建构了都市工业园转型的理念、路径和规划策略。通过建构上海典型都市工业园转型与网络创意产业发展耦合路径引介,为我国其他都市区工业园转型和建设提供借鉴     

湿法脱硫技术关键问题研究

针对我国烟气脱硫存在的实际问题,研究了湿法脱硫关键技术,如多孔板环面积、层数、安装角度、孔径及开孔率,喷淋塔压力降特性等。解决了湿法烟气脱硫过程中关键问题,实现了除雾器的国产化,优化了物料分配技术,降低了脱硫石膏含水率,形成了一整套具有自主知识产权的湿式高性能脱硫技术,并成功应用于多个燃煤电厂商用脱硫工程,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益。