东北地区落叶松毛虫灾害气象风险区划初步研究

利用黑龙江省牡丹江市海林市松毛虫发生情况与气象因子进行相关性分析,筛选出≥10℃积温正距平、夏季气温正距平和日最高气温≥30℃天数正距平、冬季气温正距平以及3-10月降水量负距平与松毛虫大发生有较好的相关性。其次,基于东北地区76个气象站,利用上述关键气象因子作为利于东北地区松毛虫大发生的气象条件进行分析。结果表明,1971-2010年40年东北地区年≥10℃积温、夏季和冬季气温均呈明显增加趋势,3-10月降水呈微弱的降低趋势,也就是说40年来东北地区气候变化趋向于利于松毛虫灾害发生。另外,对东北地区1971-2010年上述关键气象因子单因子利于松毛虫灾害发生的历史风险以及综合气象因子利于松毛虫灾害发生的历史风险进行分析,得出东北地区松毛虫灾害气象风险区划分布,结果表明吉林省中部、黑龙江大小兴安岭、牡丹江半山区的南部和西部松毛虫灾害气象风险约为10年二、三遇;辽宁大部,吉林省东南部、黑龙江松嫩平原和三江平原松毛虫灾害气象风险约为10年三至四遇。     

我国环境治理投资效率评价及其关键影响因素

在系统地归纳了环境治理投资效率的相关研究的基础上,依据构建评价指标体系的原则,以环境治理投资总额作为投入指标,以及环境治理投资在水、气、固体等方面控制绩效作为产出,建立我国环境治理投资效率的评价指标体系,构建基于DEA方法的我国环境治理投资效率评价模型,再以环境治理投资效率为母因素,以各评价指标为环境治理投资效率的影响因素,利用灰色关联度分析方法,构建我国环境治理投资效率的关键影响因素分析模型,通过《中国环境统计年鉴2010》和《中国统计年鉴2010》收集2009年我国各省市（自治区）投入产出数据,得到我国各省市的环境治理投资效率及其关键影响因素,证实控制关键因素--环境治理投资总额,能够有效地提高环境治理投资效率     

Vaporization of heavy metals during thermal treatment of model solid waste in a fluidized bed incinerator

This paper investigated the volatilization behavior of heavy metals during thermal treatment of model solid waste in a fluidized bed reactor. Four metal chlorides (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) were chosen as metal sources. The influence of redox conditions, water and mineral matrice on heavy metal volatilization was investigated. In general, Cd shows significant vaporization especially when HCl was injected, while Cu and Pb vaporize moderately and Zn vaporization is negligible. Increasing oxygen concentration can lower heavy metal vaporization. Heavy metal interactions with the mineral matter can result in the formation of stable metallic species thus playing a negative effect on their behavior. However, HCl can promote the heavy metal release by preventing the formation of stable metallic species. The chemical sorption (either physical or chemical) inside the pores, coupled with the internal diffusion of gaseous metal species, may also control the vaporization process. With SO₂ injected, Cd and Pb show a higher volatility as a result of SO₂ reducing characteristics. From the analysis, the subsequent order of heavy metal volatility can be found: Cd > Cu ? Pb ? Zn.     

水泥窑烟气SNCR脱硝技术喷射系统的关键问题

喷射系统是水泥窑烟气SNCR脱硝技术的重要组成部分,对日产5 kt新型干法水泥烟气SNCR脱硝项目中的喷射系统进行了设计和实验研究.结果表明,系统压力设计、分配调节设计、喷枪布置和喷枪雾化能力是影响烟气脱硝效率的关键因素.在氨水质量分数为13.5％,喷入点温度904℃,n(NH3) /n(NH3)为1.2条件下,系统压力能够稳定运行在0.3～0.6 MPa之间、喷枪雾化颗粒度平均直径在50μm左右、喷枪在分解炉上的垂直安装角度为75°时烟气NOx浓度由原来的720 mg/Nm3降低到206 mg/Nm3,脱硝效率能达到70％,远低于水泥工业大气污染物排放标准的限定要求.对同类新型干法水泥熟料生产线SNCR脱硝技术有一定的参考意义.     

基于葛洲坝1号船闸模型的水流诱鱼试验研究

以鲢鱼(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)为研究对象,在自制的葛洲坝船闸模型中,研究水流诱导鱼类进入船闸的技术。诱鱼效果采用鱼平均聚集率(P)、诱集效率指数(I)、通过闸门频次(f)和上下游停留时间比(Tr)作为评价指标。研究结果表明:适当范围的水流流速对诱导鱼类进入船闸有一定的诱集作用。当闸门断面平均流速为0.45 m/s时,诱集效率最高,此时鱼类在船闸两侧区域平均聚集率和诱集效率指数最大,通过闸门频次最高;当水流流速为0 m/s(对照组)时,鱼类的活动规律不明显;当水流速度大于0 m/s且小于0.45 m/s时,鱼群聚集中心主要集中闸门内高流速区域;当流速超过0.45m/s后,逐渐增大时,鱼类进入船闸的频率呈下降趋势,鱼群聚集中心主要集中在闸门下游侧流速较稳定的区域;当流速超过0.75 m/s后,鱼类的顶流行为逐渐减弱,不再呈现向闸门聚集的趋势,出现逃逸行为。通过本研究,为鱼类行为学的研究提供基础数据,同时为中低水头水利枢纽船闸与鱼道结合的可行性研究提供参考依据。     

面向大型科学工程协同工作的信息推荐

大型科学工程因其庞大的规模使得其在研制时必须是多专业、多部门、多人员协同工作。其研制周期内产生的多维度且格式复杂的海量数据信息让科研人员陷入"信息过载"中,不能很好的利用这些数据。将信息推荐技术应用在大型科学工程的协同研制工作中,提出了面向4D协同信息的推荐模型,并设计了一个面向大型科学工程协同工作的信息推荐系统。该系统通过基于4D技术的信息可视化展示方式向大型科学工程研发人员实时、连续地推荐他们需要的信息,提高研发人员的工作效率。     

Ambient ultraviolet radiation induces protective responses in soybean but does not attenuate indirect defense

We investigated the effects of ambient ultraviolet (UV) radiation on (i) the performance and chemistry of soybean plants, (ii) the performance of Spodoptera frugiperda and (iii) the foraging behavior of the herbivore's natural enemy Cotesia marginiventris which exploits herbivore-induced plant volatiles (VOC) for host location. The accumulation of protective phenolics was faster in plants receiving ambient UV than in controls exposed to sun light lacking UV. Accordingly, isorhamnetin- and quercetin-based flavonoids were increased in UV exposed plants. No UV effects were found on the performance and feeding behavior of S. frugiperda. Herbivore-damaged plants emitted the same VOC when grown under ambient or attenuated UV for 5, 10 or 30 days. Consequently, C. marginiventris was attracted but did not discriminate between exposed and unexposed soybeans. In summary, ambient UV radiation affected soybean morphology and physiology but did not destabilize interactions between trophic levels.     

The effect of workers' visibility on effectiveness of intervention programs: supervisory-based safety interventions

INTRODUCTION: This paper discusses an organizational change intervention program targeting safety behaviors and addresses important considerations concerning the planning of organizational change. Using layout of the plant as a proxy for ease of daily leader-member interaction, the effect of workers' visibility on the effectiveness of supervisory-based safety (SBS) interventions is examined. Through a reinforcement-learning framework, it is suggested that visibility can affect supervisors' incentive to interact with subordinates regarding safety-related issues. METHOD: Data were collected during SBS intervention studies in five manufacturing companies. RESULTS: Results suggest a reinforcement cycle model whereby increased visibility generates more frequent exchanges between supervisors and employees, resulting in improved safety behavior among employees. In turn, employees' safer behavior reinforces continued supervisory safety-related interaction. CONCLUSION AND IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Visibility is an important moderator in supervisory based safety interventions, and can serve to increase workplace safety. Implications of these findings for safety are discussed.     

企业安全氛围因子结构和要素组合关系测评研究

总结和分析了国外企业安全氛围测评研究进展,进一步明确安全氛围的概念、内容和研究重点;在参阅文献基础上,设计和开发出适用于国内企业安全氛围量化测评的调查问卷。选择商业企业作为研究样本,以多元统计为理论分析工具,开展实证研究工作;采用探索性因子分析方法提取和选择了商业企业安全氛围的安全需求、安全认识、安全参与、安全地位、安全实施5因子结构及14个关键要素,针对其因子结构和要素组合关系进行了研究和探讨。借助于雷达图形法对研究目标的安全现状给予量化评估,研究的方法和技术路线可为以后的安全氛围诊断模式探究提供参考思路。     

基于交通心理的行人不安全行为研究

基于交通心理学原理,对城市行人交通不安全行为进行研讨.分析了行人出行认知心理与行为的关系,给出行人信息处理过程的概念模型,指出行人的认知心理状态与交通事故关系密切.以定性分析的方法,把行人不安全行为归为有意和无意两类,从主客观方面分析行人心理对不安全行为的影响.通过实际交通调查及对实测数据的统计处理,表明行人交通安全意识淡薄,性别、年龄和有无驾照对行人交通安全意识有重要影响;系统分析了行人不安全行为的心理因素.从行人心理角度考虑,给出了一些相应的改善行人交通不安全行为的教育、管理、法制方面的建议和预防措施,例如:从行人心理角度对过街设施进行合理设置,从驾驶员心理角度考虑改善行人交通安全,对人行天桥和地道进行人性化设置等,将心理学行为矫正法原理应用于行人交通管理中.