Relevant organic components in ambient particulate matter collected at Svalbard Islands (Norway)

n-Alkanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanoic acids present in the inhalable fraction of airborne particles have been determined at the Italian scientific base sited in the area of Ny Alesund, Spitzbergen Island, Norway. Both the profiles of n-alkane and polynuclear aromatic congeners among the respective classes showed that anthropogenic sources were responsible for the presence of particulate organics in the atmosphere there, since the monomodal distribution of aliphatics and the fresh-emission shape of PAH fraction were observed. The total contents of n-alkanes and PAH ranged from 19 to 97 ng m⁻³ and from 0.6 to 2.0 ng m⁻³, respectively; n-alkanoic acids reached 6 ng m⁻³. The occurrence of nitrated-PAH of photochemical origin at trace extent (i.e. nitrated-fluoranthenes and nitropyrenes) has been also observed. Since the occurrence of OH radicals is required together with NO_x for the processes leading to the generation of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene would start, the detection of these nitrated species revealed the occurrence of photochemical processes in that region.     

大气环境影响数值仿真技术及对策研究

从高技术武器装备对大气环境影响仿真需求出发．概述了大气环境影响数值仿真发展现状,初步分析了大气环境影响数值仿真关键技术及其存在的难点,并提出了环境影响仿真的对策．大气环境影响数值仿真作为研究武器装备环境适应性的一种有效的技术手段,在高技术武器装备的发展和作战使用中。具有良好的发展和应用前景．     

关于城市环境信息系统建设的几点构想

随着城市化水平迅速提高,城市中人类活动对城市环境系统的影响不断加剧,从而产生了一系列城市环境问题.该系列问题虽然已经得到政府高度重视,但由于城市环境系统十分复杂,常规的城市环境研究手段由于缺乏技术支持和信息保障,所以至今仍未能得到很好的解决.由于城市环境信息系统结合了现代信息技术,从而能为城市环境研究提供强大的技术支持和信息保障.本文分析了我国城市环境问题的现状及其原因,探讨了城市环境信息系统的构成,介绍了建立城市环境信息系统的关键支持技术.     

网格技术支持下的我国地震工程远程协同试验系统

建设我国地震工程远程协同试验系统（NEESGrid CN）的目的是促进国内地震工程研究领域的资源共享和同行间的交流、联合，为防震减灾相关研究工作提供交互平台。从NEESGrid CN建设的框架出发，明确了系统建设的原则，分析了地震工程远程协同中专业计算机的作用，阐明了LOOKING信息收集的功能，同时指出了NEESGrid CN发展的关键技术问题，即异构数据和数据流服务。最后，分析了几种NEESGrid CN的工作模式。     

因地制宜建设好彭州市国家级生态示范区

生态示范区建设是实施可持续发展战略的基本经济社会形式。本文简单介绍了彭州市的概况，根据建设的指导思想、建设目标，对彭州市进行生态经济分区，并确定了分区规划目标，相应的提出了重点建设领域，为当地开展生态示范区建设工作提供了理论参考。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施关键工艺的操作方法

运用深圳市市政环卫综合处理厂十几年来的运行经验和科研成果，探讨、分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施稳定运行的关键工艺，阐明系统稳定运行的重要工艺环节，并详细说明工艺的操作方法。     

On the divergence criterion for runaway detection: Application to complex controlled systems

It is well-known that, for certain values of the operative parameters influencing the dynamic behavior of a chemical reactor, a phenomenon known as thermal runaway (that is, a loss of the reactor temperature control) may arise. Such a situation can be really dangerous because above a certain threshold temperature value unwanted side reactions or, worse, decompositions of the reacting mixture may be triggered evolving high amounts of flammable or toxic gases that can cause reactor pressurization and, eventually, its explosion. For this reason, since the beginning of the previous century a number of studies concerning the prediction of the so called runaway boundaries has been carried out. In this work, a modified version of the divergence criterion for runaway detection, originally developed by Zaldívar and co-workers, is presented. Such a modified divergence criterion is capable of treating whatever type of complex controlled reacting system (taking into account not only temperature control but also dosing strategies) and its reliability has been demonstrated for isoperibolic semibatch reactors using literature experimental data concerning the nitration of 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride in mixed acids and the nitric acid oxidation of 2-octanol to 2-octanone and further carboxylic acids.     

HSE管理体系有效运行的几个重点

结合工作实际,探讨了影响HSE管理体系有效运行的关键因素,指出领导重视、HSE培训、检查考核及严格遵守程序文件所规定的职责是体系能否持续改进、不断完善的重点.     

基于多因素耦合的井筒完整性风险评价

为了合理开展井筒完整性评价,提出合理的管理措施,综合考虑管柱力学、管柱腐蚀、管柱及附件密封、水泥环力学、地层以及油气井管理等关键节点及因素的相互耦合协同作用,分析多因素耦合协同作用对井筒完整性的影响。对于管柱力学等具有比较明确物理意义且可以量化的因素,采用定量分析评价;对于操作管理等难以量化的因素采用定性评价,对于腐蚀环境因素采用定量与定性相结合的方法进行评价;在定性及定量评价的基础之上,对关键节点进行风险概率和风险影响程度的划分及量化,再基于层次分析及风险矩阵的方法建立井筒完整性评价模型;基于模型编制了相应的计算程序,并对某高腐蚀性气井开展了井筒完整性评价。评价结果表明,在影响该井井筒完整性的风险因素中,高酸性气体腐蚀是造成该井井筒完整性失效的主要因素。     

火灾时期矿山通风巷道“特征环”与“关键环”的分布特征研究

为研究火灾时期矿山通风巷道风流的流动特性,基于水平巷道及火灾的物理数学模型,采用数值分析方法,研究分析火灾时期巷道内紊流充分发展截面上“特征环”与“关键环”的分布规律。结果表明:同一火灾强度和同一通风风速下,通风巷道内风速“特征环”分布特征分别存在临界风速值和临界火灾强度值;矿井火灾时期,通风风速与火灾强度均是影响巷道内风速“特征环”分布的关键因素;当巷道内通风风速大于或等于5 m/s时,火灾下风流平均风速点的位置可由正常通风时期的“关键环”特征方程进行计算。