跨江大桥建设安全管理系统综合评价

针对目前我国重大工程建设的安全管理现状,以系统管理的思路借鉴国内外重大工程建设安全管理模式的先进之处,综合考虑影响重大工程建设过程中安全管理的各因素,建立6个一级指标,27个二级指标的评价体系。运用层次分析法(AHP)对其中指标进行权重计算,结果显示危险源辨识、危险源控制与管理是影响安全管理状况的主要因素;结合模糊综合评价法对泰州长江公路大桥的安全管理现状进行综合评价,结果显示为良好,与实际情况相符合,证明其可行性。该安全管理系统评价指标体系的建立与评价方法的运用,对重大工程建设的安全管理现状评价有借鉴意义,以期提高我国重大工程建设现场的安全管理水平。     

Fires, explosions and related incidents at work in Great Britain in 1996/97 and 1997/98

Incidents in Great Britain reported to the Health and Safety Executive during 1996/97 and 1997/98 involving fires, explosions, runaway chemical reactions and unignited releases of flammable materials are reviewed. Statistical comparisons are made against previous years based on the materials involved, and a number of common themes and causes are identified.     

Groundwater flow, multicomponent transport and biogeochemistry: development and application of a coupled process model

A research tool for modeling the reactive flow and transport of groundwater contaminants in multiple dimensions is presented. Arbitrarily complex coupled kinetic–equilibrium heterogeneous reaction networks, automatic code generation, transfer-function based solutions, parameter estimation, high-resolution methods for advection, and robust solvers for the mixed kinetic–equilibrium chemistry are some of the features of reactive flow and transport (RAFT) that make it a versatile research tool in the modeling of a wide variety of laboratory and field experiments. The treatment of reactions is quite general so that RAFT can be used to model biological, adsorption/desorption, complexation, and mineral dissolution/precipitation reactions among others. The integrated framework involving automated code generation and parameter estimation allows for the development, characterization, and evaluation of mechanistic process models. The model is described and used to solve a problem in competitive adsorption that illustrates some of these features. The model is also used to study the development of an in situ Fe(II)-zone by encouraging the growth of an iron-reducing bacterium with lactate as the electron donor. Such redox barriers are effective in sequestering groundwater contaminants such as chromate and TCE.     

Relevant organic components in ambient particulate matter collected at Svalbard Islands (Norway)

n-Alkanes, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and n-alkanoic acids present in the inhalable fraction of airborne particles have been determined at the Italian scientific base sited in the area of Ny Alesund, Spitzbergen Island, Norway. Both the profiles of n-alkane and polynuclear aromatic congeners among the respective classes showed that anthropogenic sources were responsible for the presence of particulate organics in the atmosphere there, since the monomodal distribution of aliphatics and the fresh-emission shape of PAH fraction were observed. The total contents of n-alkanes and PAH ranged from 19 to 97 ng m⁻³ and from 0.6 to 2.0 ng m⁻³, respectively; n-alkanoic acids reached 6 ng m⁻³. The occurrence of nitrated-PAH of photochemical origin at trace extent (i.e. nitrated-fluoranthenes and nitropyrenes) has been also observed. Since the occurrence of OH radicals is required together with NO_x for the processes leading to the generation of 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene would start, the detection of these nitrated species revealed the occurrence of photochemical processes in that region.     

关于城市环境信息系统建设的几点构想

随着城市化水平迅速提高,城市中人类活动对城市环境系统的影响不断加剧,从而产生了一系列城市环境问题.该系列问题虽然已经得到政府高度重视,但由于城市环境系统十分复杂,常规的城市环境研究手段由于缺乏技术支持和信息保障,所以至今仍未能得到很好的解决.由于城市环境信息系统结合了现代信息技术,从而能为城市环境研究提供强大的技术支持和信息保障.本文分析了我国城市环境问题的现状及其原因,探讨了城市环境信息系统的构成,介绍了建立城市环境信息系统的关键支持技术.     

因地制宜建设好彭州市国家级生态示范区

生态示范区建设是实施可持续发展战略的基本经济社会形式。本文简单介绍了彭州市的概况，根据建设的指导思想、建设目标，对彭州市进行生态经济分区，并确定了分区规划目标，相应的提出了重点建设领域，为当地开展生态示范区建设工作提供了理论参考。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施关键工艺的操作方法

运用深圳市市政环卫综合处理厂十几年来的运行经验和科研成果，探讨、分析了城市生活垃圾焚烧发电设施稳定运行的关键工艺，阐明系统稳定运行的重要工艺环节，并详细说明工艺的操作方法。     

On the divergence criterion for runaway detection: Application to complex controlled systems

It is well-known that, for certain values of the operative parameters influencing the dynamic behavior of a chemical reactor, a phenomenon known as thermal runaway (that is, a loss of the reactor temperature control) may arise. Such a situation can be really dangerous because above a certain threshold temperature value unwanted side reactions or, worse, decompositions of the reacting mixture may be triggered evolving high amounts of flammable or toxic gases that can cause reactor pressurization and, eventually, its explosion. For this reason, since the beginning of the previous century a number of studies concerning the prediction of the so called runaway boundaries has been carried out. In this work, a modified version of the divergence criterion for runaway detection, originally developed by Zaldívar and co-workers, is presented. Such a modified divergence criterion is capable of treating whatever type of complex controlled reacting system (taking into account not only temperature control but also dosing strategies) and its reliability has been demonstrated for isoperibolic semibatch reactors using literature experimental data concerning the nitration of 4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride in mixed acids and the nitric acid oxidation of 2-octanol to 2-octanone and further carboxylic acids.     

HSE管理体系有效运行的几个重点

结合工作实际,探讨了影响HSE管理体系有效运行的关键因素,指出领导重视、HSE培训、检查考核及严格遵守程序文件所规定的职责是体系能否持续改进、不断完善的重点.     

基于多因素耦合的井筒完整性风险评价

为了合理开展井筒完整性评价,提出合理的管理措施,综合考虑管柱力学、管柱腐蚀、管柱及附件密封、水泥环力学、地层以及油气井管理等关键节点及因素的相互耦合协同作用,分析多因素耦合协同作用对井筒完整性的影响。对于管柱力学等具有比较明确物理意义且可以量化的因素,采用定量分析评价;对于操作管理等难以量化的因素采用定性评价,对于腐蚀环境因素采用定量与定性相结合的方法进行评价;在定性及定量评价的基础之上,对关键节点进行风险概率和风险影响程度的划分及量化,再基于层次分析及风险矩阵的方法建立井筒完整性评价模型;基于模型编制了相应的计算程序,并对某高腐蚀性气井开展了井筒完整性评价。评价结果表明,在影响该井井筒完整性的风险因素中,高酸性气体腐蚀是造成该井井筒完整性失效的主要因素。