彗星实验检测新农药呋喃虫酰肼对小鼠细胞DNA的损伤(Damaging Effects of Pesticide JS-118 on DNA of Mice Cells Measured by the Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis Assay)

应用彗星实验检测了新农药呋喃虫酰肼(JS-118)对小鼠脾细胞和睾丸细胞的DNA损伤,并比较了这两种细胞对呋喃虫酰肼的敏感性.体外染毒1.5h后,进行单细胞凝胶电泳,然后EB染色并用CASP分析图像.结果表明,呋喃虫酰肼在各个剂量浓度(100、200、500、1000mg·L-1)都会引起睾丸细胞DNA损伤(与对照组均具有显着性差异,p<0.05),且存在明显的剂量-效应关系;而呋喃虫酰肼在较高剂量浓度(200、500、1000mg·L-1)可引起脾细胞DNA损伤(与对照组均具有显着性差异,p<0.05),且存在明显的剂量-效应关系.与脾细胞相比,睾丸细胞对呋喃虫酰肼更为敏感.     

不同接种条件下微生物燃料电池产电特性分析

比较了11种不同来源的接种物对微生物燃料电池产电性能的影响,并考察了接种污泥的TCOD和pH值等特性对电池产电情况的影响.结果表明,以华南农业大学资源环境学院新肥室沼气池污泥为接种物的燃料电池产电效果最好,产生的最大电压为0.53V(外电阻为500Ω),最大功率密度达到9.12W/m3.污泥的初始TCOD越高,所产生的电能越多;而pH值在5.6~7.8范围内时,对MFC产电能力的影响不大.通过扫描电镜对阳极表面微生物的观察发现,不同接种物电池阳极富集的微生物存在很大差异,这可能是影响微生物燃料电池产电性能的最主要因素之一.     

磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯暴露诱发NRK-52E细胞纤维化的体外研究

自2004年禁止使用五溴联苯醚混合物阻燃剂以来,有机磷阻燃剂(organophosphorus flame retardants,OPFR)作为替代品开始被广泛生产和使用,因而成为当今阻燃剂研究的热点。目前,有机磷阻燃剂在水体环境及生物体中已有较高的检出率,而其对生物体及生态环境的潜在毒性效应还知之甚少。本研究利用磷酸三(2,3-二氯丙基)酯(tri(2,3-dichloropropyl)phosphate,TDCPP)对大鼠肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)的毒性暴露实验,探讨TDCPP潜在的肾脏毒性。结果表明:一定剂量的TDCPP对NRK-52E的细胞活性有抑制作用,能诱导细胞内活性氧自由基(reactive oxide species,ROS)生成量增加,并触发上皮-间充质转换(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)及胞外基质沉积因子如波形蛋白(vimentin)、转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、胞外基质成分纤连蛋白-1(fibronectin-1,FN-1)等基因mRNA表达的显著上调以及上皮细胞钙粘蛋白(E-cadherin)等基因mRNA表达的显著下调。上述研究结果表明,TDCPP可促进NRK-52E细胞发生上皮间充质转化及纤维化。本研究为进一步综合评估TDCPP的生物和环境毒理效应提供了基础实验数据。     

三邻甲苯磷酸酯对大鼠C6星形胶质细胞的氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞作用

三邻甲苯磷酸酯(tri-o-cresyl phosphate,TOCP)是一种有机磷酸酯类化合物,具神经毒性作用。研究表明星形胶质细胞是有机磷化合物(organophosphorus compounds,OPs)神经毒性作用的靶点之一。为了探讨TOCP对星形胶质细胞的毒性作用,采用大鼠C6星形胶质细胞分别经0.1、0.3、1.0和3.0 mmol·L-1TOCP染毒处理24 h,应用MTT比色法和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力分析法检测细胞活力,在电子相差显微镜下观察细胞形态,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸(DNTB)比色法测定谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性,流式细胞仪检测分析细胞周期。结果显示,经TOCP处理24 h后,大鼠C6星形胶质细胞存活率降低,LDH释放增加,细胞形态也发生了明显的变化。GSH含量和GSH-Px活性降低,G1期细胞数量也逐渐增加。上述结果表明,TOCP对星形胶质细胞具有毒性作用,引起氧化损伤和细胞周期阻滞。     

Impact of chlorpyrifos on cerebrum and cerebellum maturity in suckling rats

The purpose of our study is to assess the effect of chlorpyrifos (CPF) on rat cerebral and cerebellar maturity during the suckling period. Female Wistar rats were given 0.2?g?L^?1 of CPF in drinking water, equivalent to 40?mg?kg^?1 of body weight?day^?1, from day zero until day ten after delivery. In treated pups, plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity was inhibited by 70%. Cerebrum and cerebellum acetyl-cholinesterase (AchE) activities were reduced by 71 and 75%, respectively. The results suggest that CPF was distributed in pup tissues through the milk of lactating mothers, resulting in inhibition of AchE activities. At age 10 days, the CPF-treated pups showed a 28% decrease in body weight, a 23 and 41% decrease in plasma free T₃ and T₄ levels and reduction in cerebral and cerebellar protein content by 36 and 38%, respectively. Consistent histological changes were found in the cerebellum of CPF treated pups, with the external granular layer being markedly developed, the Purkinje cell bodies being poorly differentiated and abnormally distributed into the internal granular layer.     

In vitro evaluation of human liver cancer cells and the potential cytotoxicity of Tecoma stans (Bignoniaceae) and Brickellia cavanillesi (Asteraceae) both single and in combination

Medicinal herbs are steadily increasing in complementary use for chronic and alterative therapies. The health risks associated with herbal supplements have therefore been identified as a top research priority. Tecoma stans (Tronadora), a Bignoniaceae plant, is a herbal drug traditionally consumed as tea in South America for the control of diabetes. It contains the alkaloids of tecomine and tecostanine which were shown as functional compounds responsible for hypoglycemic activity. However, the side effects of aqueous extracts of this herbal tea have not been reported. In this study, studies sought to evaluate the cytotoxicity of water extracts from T. stans in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2). Toxic effects of T. stans were concentration- and time-dependent in the presence and absence of fetal bovine serum (FBS). Cells were incubated for up to 72-h with varying concentrations of herbal extracts (60–100%), cytotoxicity was determined spectrophotometrically by MTT and reported in terms of % cell viability. For IC₅₀ assay (24 h exposure), cytotoxicity was found at concentration of 60–100%. Evaluation of the effects of T. stans and Brickellia cavanillesi (Asteraceae) in combination revealed that extracts of both herbal extracts' nontoxic levels of T. stans significantly reduced cell viability in a time-dependent manner. Further studies are needed regarding the identification, toxicity, and molecular mechanism of action of active compounds, as well as their cytotoxicity to other cell lines following exposure to both single and combined herbal extracts of these plants with anti-diabetic properties.     

Effects of Nonylphenol on immune function of female Sprague-Dawley rats

Nonylphenol (NP) is the final biodegradation product of nonylphenol polyethoxylates, which are widely used as surfactants in domestic and industrial products. NP was reported to exert estrogenic actions and shown to potentially adversely affect reproductive functions. However, NP influence on immune system function remains unclear. To address this issue, the effects of NP on spleen and thymus were examined in this study. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with NP orally at doses of 0, 20, 80, or 200 mg/kg respectively. Data showed that NP increased the levels of natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells in peripheral blood and decreased the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in serum. These findings suggest that exposure to NP by oral route may induce adverse effects on the spleen and thymus and affect the immune function of female rats.     

Sub-chronic exposure to carbendazim induces biochemical and hematological alterations in male goats

The present investigation reports the effect of repeated (90 days) administration of carbendazim on the biochemical and hematological parameters in male goats. Carbendazim administered orally at a daily dose of 50 mg kg^?1 body weight for 90 consecutive days resulted in increased plasma concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), creatinine and albumin, while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and glucose levels were decreased. Decrease in total leukocyte (TLC) and neutrophil count and increase in lymphocyte count was observed in the treatment group. The findings of the present investigation indicate that sub-chronic exposure to carbendazim in male goats causes hepatic and slight kidney dysfunctions.     

In vitro anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging properties of Oldenlandia auricularia

Abstract

The in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of extract of Oldenlandia auricularia with 70% aqueous alcohol have been evaluated. The inhibition of nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine macrophage cells was evaluated. Messenger ribonucleic acid levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclooxygenase-2 were analysed by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction. O. auricularia (100?mg/L) showed better anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities when compared to its lower doses, whereas the standard drugs curcumin and diclofenac sodium showed significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential. Treatment at this concentration inhibited the signalling pathway of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells and messenger ribonucleic acid expression of tumor necrosis factor- α, and cyclooxygenase-2. Liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry revealed the presence of previously reported compounds auricularine, ursolic acid and β-sitosterol. The observed anti-inflammatory property of O. auricularia could be due to the inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells p65 sub unit nuclear translocation and inhibition of its signalling pathway.     

Protective effects of Manasamitra vatakam on aluminum-induced nephrotoxicity,oxidative stress,and histological damage

The aim of this study was to investigate the nephroprotective and antioxidant property of Manasamitra vatakam (MMV) against aluminum (Al)-induced toxicity in rats. The kidney function marker parameters such as serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine were significantly increased in Al-treated rats as compared with controls. Similarly, the antioxidant enzyme activities such as superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase and Mg-ATPase, reduced glutathione were also found significantly increased in Al-treated rats. A significantly decreased level of these parameters was observed in the MMV (orally 100?mg?kg^?1 body weight)-treated group along with a reduced level of malonaldehyde, molecular chaperones of an antioxidative stress protein, and mRNA expression of HSP70. The biochemical observations were also supported by histopathological observations. Thus, this study supports the nephroprotective and antioxidant activities of MMV.