Lessons learned from a supercritical pressure BLEVE in Nihon Dempa Kogyo Crystal Inc.

On December 7, 2009, a 50-foot-tall high-pressure vessel ruptured in the Nihon Dempa Kogyo Crystal, Inc. facility in Belvidere, Illinois. Several projectiles rapidly traveled outward from the facility, killing a truck driver 650 feet away and injuring an employee in another building 435 feet away. This paper summarizes the lessons learned from this incident both on causal and consequential aspects. Stress corrosion cracking was identified as the failure mechanism by the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board. After analyzing the operating conditions and the aftermath, this incident has been identified as a Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) under a supercritical pressure. A consequence analysis of the incident is performed where overpressure and fragment distance are calculated, together with safety distance estimation. Additionally, other safety-related problems, such as safety culture, management inside the corporation, and communication between this facility and the government are discussed.     

人工湿地在中国的研究进展

人工湿地具有去污效果好、运行费用低及维护简单等特点,现已被广泛运用于污水处理中,具有相当显著的生态环境效益。本文对人工湿地在中国的研究进展进行归纳、阐述,分析其研究中存在的问题,并对其今后的研究和应用进行展望。     

Dissipation of fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen in fresh and canned peach

The objective of this work was to determine the dissipation of fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen in fresh and canned peaches in order to know the levels of residues that can reach consumers in real circumstances. Two field dissipation studies were carried out, one of them at the pre-harvest interval (PHI) with good agricultural practice (GAP) and the other one in a situation of critical agricultural practice (CAP). Two canning dissipation studies were carried out for samples from both agricultural situations in an industrial pilot plant and the dissipation was determined in each relevant step. An analytical methodology was used including acetone-dichloromethane extraction, purification and analysis by liquid chromatography and diode array detection (LC-DAD) with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.05 mg/kg. It was validated under SANCO/10232/2006 Guidelines. These pesticides complied with the official maximum residue limits (MRLs) in peaches at the PHI with good agricultural practices. In hypothetical situation of a second application at the PHI, fenoxycarb and pyriproxyfen residues were above the MRLs in peaches. The canning study reduced the residues to no detectable levels in the cans for consumers.     

Knowledge Production and Learning for Sustainable Landscapes: Seven Steps Using Social–Ecological Systems as Laboratories

There are multiple challenges regarding use and governance of landscapes’ goods, functions and intangible values for ecosystem health and human well-being. One group of challenges is to measure and assess principal sustainability dimensions through performance targets, so stakeholders have transparent information about states and trends. Another group is to develop adaptive governance at multiple levels, and management of larger geographical areas across scales. Addressing these challenges, we present a framework for transdisciplinary research using multiple landscapes as place-based case studies that integrates multiple research disciplines and non-academic actors: (1) identify a suite of landscapes, and for each (2) review landscape history, (3) map stakeholders, use and non-use values, products and land use, (4) analyze institutions, policies and the system of governance, (5) measure ecological, economic, social and cultural sustainability, (6) assess sustainability dimensions and governance, and finally (7) make comparisons and synthesize. Collaboration, communication and dissemination are additional core features. We discuss barriers bridges and bridges for applying this approach.     

Determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron in mushrooms by kinetic method and high-performance liquid chromatographic method

In the present study, a new sensitive and simple kinetic-spectrophotometric method for the determination of the insecticide diflubenzuron [1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2,6-diflubenzoil)urea] is proposed. The method is based on the inhibited effect of diflubenzuron on the oxidation of sulphanilic acid (SA) by hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer in presence Cu(II) ion. Diflubenzuron was determined with linear calibration graph in the interval from 0.31 to 3.1 μg mL^?1 and from 3.1 to 31.0 μg mL^?1. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 0.18 μg mL^?1corresponding to 0.036 mg Kg^?1mushroom sample based on the 3S_b criterion. The RSD is 5.03–1.83 % and 2.81–0.71 % for the concentration interval of diflubenzuron 0.31–3.1 μg mL^?1and 3.1–31.0 μg mL^?1, respectively. The reaction was followed spectrophotometrically at 370 nm. The kinetic parameters of the reaction are reported, and the rate equations are suggested. The developed procedure was successfully applied to the rapid determination of diflubenzuron in spiked mushroom samples of different mushroom species. The HPLC method was used like a comparative method to verify results.     

组配改良剂对土壤-蔬菜系统铅镉转运调控的场地研究

以组配改良剂LS(石灰石∶海泡石=2∶1)为试验材料,通过对湘南某矿区附近铅镉复合污染旱地土壤进行现场改良钝化,研究施加不同量的LS(0、2、4、8 g·kg-1)对茄子和苋菜植株吸收累积Pb和Cd的影响以及对Pb和Cd在2种蔬菜植株各部位间转运的调控.结果表明:1施加LS能够显著提高土壤p H,降低土壤中交换态Pb和Cd的含量.2施加LS能显著降低2种蔬菜植株各部位中Pb和Cd的含量.LS施加量为2~8 g·kg-1时,茄子果实中Pb和Cd的含量分别降低44.7%~78.6%和36.0%~78.7%;苋菜植株茎叶中Pb和Cd的含量分别降低45.8%~59.1%和40.0%~87.2%.3LS的施加降低了2种蔬菜植株各部位间Pb和Cd的转运系数.2种蔬菜植株在根-茎-果实间或根-茎叶间转运Cd的能力大于Pb,且施加LS各处理下,同种蔬菜相同部位对Pb和Cd的转运能力大小关系保持不变.     

大型磷肥生产企业环境风险研究

对大型磷肥企业生产过程中存在的风险进行识别,进行风险事故源项分析,讨论了风险事故后果的计算方法,并提出相应的风险管理措施。     

陆军基地化训练雷达干扰威胁环境构设方法研究

目的研究陆军基地化训练中雷达干扰威胁环境构设方法,重点研究对地面机动目标的威胁环境构设方法。方法从功率等效和空间等效两方面着手,运用干扰信号模拟器抵近目标目标构设雷达干扰环境。结果针对机动目标,给出了两种思路的构设方法,并对其优劣进行了比较。结论通过对构设方法及构设逼真度的研究,明确了实现构设方法的关键在于保证训练场上的装备数据采集和训练场电磁环境监测的实时性和准确性。     

水源区中药材种植氮磷污染特征模拟研究

通过室内土柱模拟降雨实验,在三种降雨强度及两种施肥量作用下,分别测定土壤及土壤溶液中TN、TP及有机质的含量,探讨降雨强度及施肥量对水源区中药材种植氮磷污染物迁移的影响.结果表明,随着降雨强度的增大,TN、TP由土壤表面层次流向深层次的趋势不断增大,氮磷流失量增加;随着氮、磷肥料施加量的增加,土壤及土壤溶液TN、TP都有增加,氮磷流失量随之增大;一次施肥量过高容易造成肥料堆积土壤表层,氮磷流失量明显增大,少量多次施肥能使肥料利用率提高.     

自然保护区生态旅游对比研究——以海棠山、白石砬子为例

以辽宁海棠山和白石砬子国家级自然保护区为例,基于当地社区视角,借助田野调查、半结构式访谈法收集和掌握两个自然保护区生态旅游发展的实际情况.在综合比较两个保护区所在地区旅游业发展状况的基础上分析了二者生态旅游发展的差异和所凸显的问题,并就两个自然保护区在开展生态旅游过程中面临的主要问题提出了针对性的建议意见.通过对比发现问题和认识不足,只有在相互吸取教训和彼此经验互补的基础上才能促进两个保护区生态旅游的健康可持续发展.