Preconcentration of samarium with modified yeast cells for its determination by atomic emission spectroscopy

A chelating-modified biosorbent is produced by coupling of a dye, procion red, to yeast cells. The resulting modified cells have been characterized by Fourier transform infrared, elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis and studied for preconcentration and determination of trace Sm(III). The optimum pH value for sorption of the samarium ions is 6.2. The sorption capacity of functionalized modified yeast cells is 7.2 mg g^?1. Recovery was 99% when Sm(III) was eluted with an aqueous solution of 0.1 mol L^?1 ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. Scatchard analysis suggested that binding sites were homogeneous. The equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models, and the respective constants were determined as 1.0 (L mg^?1), 2.9 [(mg g^?1) (L mg^?1)^1/n], 2.4 × 10⁸ (L g^?1), and 30 (dm³ g^?1) at 20 °C. The method was applied for an Sm(III)-containing sample of ceramic industry effluent.     

珠江三角洲地区气溶胶分档活化特性与闭合实验

使用SMPS与CCNC系统相结合,于2011年12月在广州番禺大气成分站开展了40~200nm气溶胶粒子的分档活化观测.活化率曲线和统计结果显示0.109%、0.20%、0.39%、0.67%四个过饱和比下临界干粒径Dmid依次为143.7,99.5,74.7,62.6nm;对应的截断粒径Dcut为171.9, 119.1, 90.2, 72.5nm.进一步分析表明,气溶胶粒子的活化能力主要受粒径控制,成分与混合状态的影响在活化临界位置附近最为显著.本次观测结果与华北地区和周边城郊地区相比,气溶胶活化能力较弱.闭合实验计算得到的CCN数浓度与观测值存在很好的相关性(R2=0.9477),计算值较观测值高约16%.考虑到仪器系统误差等因素,认为两者闭合良好.对CCN数浓度计算中使用的3个因子,即气溶胶数浓度NCN、气溶胶谱型NSD、活化率曲线ARSR进行了敏感性实验,结果显示各因子对CCN数浓度的影响程度存在如下关系:NCN> NSD> ARSR.     

Bactericidal effects of adsorbent on Escherichia coli for use in disinfection of drinking water

A synergistic action of silver (Ag) and groundnut husk carbon was shown, which markedly enhanced inactivation of Escherichia coli. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of using a silver-impregnated groundnut husk carbon adsorbent (AdSG) for drinking water disinfection and evaluate % disinfection of E. coli. The results showed that contact of bacterial cells with AdSG resulted in a transfer of Ag ion to the cell, as evidenced by bactericidal activity. It is also possible that Ag produced generation of reactive oxygen species in the cell that led to bactericidal activity of the adsorbent. Data indicated that AdSG was effective as a bactericidal agent and may prove to be economically beneficial in drinking water disinfection.     

Measuring the effectiveness of San Francisco’s planning standard for pedestrian wind comfort

ABSTRACT

In 1985, San Francisco adopted a wind comfort standard in its Downtown Area Plan in response to increasing concerns about the city’s downtown public open spaces becoming excessively windy. After 30 years of implementation, this study revisits the standard and examines its effectiveness in promoting pedestrian comfort. Seven hundred one valid samples were collected from 6 months of field study, which combined surveying pedestrians and on-site collection of microclimate data. Statistical analysis and an assessment using the physiological equivalent temperature show that 11 mph (4.92 m/s), the comfort criterion in places for walking, performs as an effective determinant of outdoor comfort in San Francisco. This study sheds light on climate-resilience of cities, as they have become key urban challenges today.     

浅谈高悬浮物废水处理研究中存在的不足

结合现场实践经验,指出了目前处理高悬浮物废水存在的悬浮物浓度与有机药剂用量不成比例等矛盾.通过分析混凝理论的研究历程,总结出高浓度范围下的絮凝作用机理为包裹机理,目前该机理仅处于定性描述阶段,对其进行定量描述具有重要意义;结合动力学发展过程,了解到以悬浮物浓度为研究对象的动力学模型较多,但特别针对高悬浮物范围下的絮凝动力学方程尚无人研究.并针对高悬浮物废水的处理,提出了今后重点研究方向.     

Crafting a job on a daily basis: Contextual correlates and the link to work engagement

This study focused on daily job crafting and explored its contextual determinants and one motivational outcome (i.e., work engagement). Job crafting was conceptualized as “seeking resources,” “seeking challenges,” and “reducing demands.” Participants were 95 employees from several organizations who completed a 5‐day diary survey. As hypothesized, we found a 3‐factor structure for the job crafting instrument, both at the general and day levels. We hypothesized and found that the combination of high day‐level work pressure and high day‐level autonomy (active jobs) was associated with higher day‐level seeking resources and lower day‐level reducing demands. Furthermore, we found that day‐level seeking challenges (but not resources) was positively associated with day‐level work engagement, whereas day‐level reducing demands was negatively associated with day‐level work engagement. Findings suggest that job crafting is a daily employee behavior with implications for management practice and future research. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Work-related road safety: A case study of Roche Australia

Fleet, work-related or occupational road safety has the potential to make a major contribution to reducing both human harm and asset damage. To date, however, there would appear to be a dearth of well researched and evaluated case studies in the public domain in this area.This paper provides an on-going, documented, real-world case study of work-related road safety within an Australian company that has sought to manage, monitor and improve its road safety performance over the last 5 years through a range of proactive, fleet manager, insurance and risk-led initiatives.Roche Australia has successfully implemented a Company Motor Vehicle Safety Program with support from its fleet insurers and risk management advisors. Four key initiatives are set out covering: (1) Driver risk assessment, monitoring and improvement. (2) Policy development and communications. (3) Process and outcomes evaluation. (4) Continuous review and refinement of policies, processes, programs and future developments.The program has led to a range of process and performance-based outcomes. Typical barriers to success in work-related road safety have been identified and overcome. Almost 100% risk assessment and improvement process compliance by drivers has been achieved. A predictive relationship between risk assessment outcomes and collision history has been identified. Reductions in insurance claims, collision costs and claims ratio have been sustained. A detailed project plan is in place to continue the program for the next 3 years.The paper concludes that with effective management, a well developed work-related road safety program can result in performance improvements within the initiating organisation. Several limitations in the case study methodology, as well as areas for further work and lessons for policy makers, researchers and practitioners are also identified.     

平板及焊缝中裂纹磁记忆检测技术研究

为了将磁记忆技术用于裂纹缺陷的检测领域,应用试验研究和有限元分析相结合的方法,分析裂纹的深度、埋深、宽度以及扫描角度对平板中裂纹磁记忆检测的影响。针对45号钢板建立深度和宽度2个影响参量与磁记忆信号之间的量化关系。沿焊缝长度方向和垂直焊缝长度方向对焊接裂纹进行磁记忆检测,研究焊接裂纹的检测方法和信号特征。提出根据局部波形呈现正弦波形态判别缺陷的方法。研究结果表明,用磁记忆检测技术能够对裂纹进行定位,并根据波形信号特征量对裂纹深度、宽度进行量化评价。     

兰州与江汉平原有机碳同位素的古气候指示意义对比研究

选择以干冷气候为主的兰州和温暖湿润的江汉平原作为研究区域,结合其他多种指标和研究区的岩性特征,对有机碳同位素δ13Corg的古气候指示意义进行了初步探讨。结果表明,在兰州地区,δ13Corg值波动反映C3/C4植物比例的改变,指示温度变化。δ13Corg值偏正时,表明C4植物含量较大,反映温度较高,而δ13Corg值偏负时,表明气候较冷;江汉平原δ13Corg值主要反映降水信息, δ13Corg值偏负时指示相对暖湿气候,δ13Corg值偏正反映气候偏干。δ13Corg等指标同时还揭示了末次盛冰期以来两地古气候类同特征：即12.0 ka BP之前气候相对偏干;在全新世晚期,气候波动中转暖。不同之处表现为：约在12.0~10.0 ka BP,当兰州气候还很干冷时,江汉平原已进入暖湿的冰后期;而在全新世早中期,当兰州气候转为暖湿时,江汉平原气候则表现为略偏干。