海泡石黏土矿物对Cu2+的吸附动力学研究

研究分析了海泡石黏土矿物对铜离子的吸附性能和动力学特征,结果表明,海泡石黏土矿物对Cu~(2 )吸附的最佳pH值为6.0左右,随着pH值的增大,吸附作用减弱;在[Cu~(2 )]=100mg·l~(-1),溶液pH值为6,吸附时间为2h时,添加0.1 g海泡石,海泡石对Cu~(2 )的吸附去除率仅为39.5%,当海泡石用量提高至0.4 g时,其对Cu~(2 )的吸附去除率提高到94.8%;实验结果同样显示,18min内有90%的Cu~(2 )被海泡石吸附,随着吸附时间的增加,吸附作用趋于稳定,2h可达到吸附平衡。该吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程.同时,分别采用拟一级模型和拟二级模型考察了吸附动力学,并计算了这些动力学模型的速率常数.实验数据和拟二级模型计算结果之间有较好的相关性.     

Effects of nitrate concentration on biological hydrogen production by mixed cultures

The effects of nitrate on fermentative hydrogen production and soluble metabolites from mixed cultures were investigated by varying nitrate concentrations from 0 to 10 g N/L at 35°C with an initial pH of 7.0. The results showed that the substrate degradation rate, hydrogen production potential, hydrogen yield, and average hydrogen production rate initially increased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0 to 0.1 g N/L, while they decreased with increasing nitrate concentrations from 0.1 to 10 g N/L. The maximum hydrogen production potential of 305.0 mL, maximum hydrogen yield of 313.1 mL/g glucose, and maximum average hydrogen production rate of 13.3 mL/h were obtained at a nitrate concentration of 0.1 g N/L. The soluble metabolites produced by the mixed cultures contained only ethanol and acetic acid (HAc) without propionic acid (HPr) and butyric acid (HBu). This study used the Modified Logistic model to describe the progress of cumulative hydrogen production in batch tests. A concise model was proposed to describe the effects of nitrate concentration on average hydrogen production rate.     

Removal of Novacron Golden Yellow dye from aqueous solutions by low-cost agricultural waste: Batch and fixed bed study

The present work describes the removal of Novacron Golden Yellow (NGY) dye from aqueous solutions using peanut hulls. The experiments were performed with native, pretreated and immobilised forms of peanut hulls. The effect of various operational parameters (pH, biosorbent dose, initial dye concentration and temperature etc.) was explored during batch study. NGY showed maximum removal at low pH and low biosorbent dose. High initial dye concentration facilitated the biosorption process. Maximum dye removal with native, pretreated and immobilised biomass was found to be 35.7, 36.4 and 15.02 mg/g respectively. The experimental data were subjected to different kinetic and equilibrium models. The kinetic data confirmed the fitness of pseudo-second-order rate law for NGY biosorption. The equilibrium modelling was carried out by Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. The isothermal data of NGY removal were best described by Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Negative values of Free energy change (Δ G⁰) for NGY with native and pretreated biomass depicted the spontaneous nature of biosorption process. In column mode, the effects of bed height, flow rate and initial dye concentrations were optimised. Maximum NGY biosorption (7.28 mg/g) was observed with high bed height, low flow rate and high initial concentration in continuous mode. Bohart–Adams model best fitted to the data obtained from column studies. The results indicated that the peanut hulls could be used effectively for the removal of dyes containing wastewater.     

氨基化氧化石墨烯(AGO)的制备及其对六价铬的吸附机制

以乙二胺盐酸盐(EDH)为改性剂改性氧化石墨烯(GO),水热法制备氨基化氧化石墨烯(Amino-functionalized;graphene;oxide,AGO).SEM、XRD、FTIR和Zeta电位表征分析发现,AGO表面含有羟基、羧基及氨基基团,Zeta电位为pH=10.14.以水中低浓度六价铬Cr(Ⅵ)为污染物,探讨了乙二胺盐酸盐(EDH)用量、pH、AGO用量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度以及常见干扰离子对AGO吸附Cr(Ⅵ)影响.结果表明,在pH=6.0、7-AGO用量为0.8;mg·L^-1和Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为2.0;mg·L^-1,7-AGO对Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达95.1%;SO₄^2-会明显抑制AGO对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附.AGO对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合二级动力学模型,吸附机制主要为静电作用.     

初始温度对湿法成型硫磺燃烧爆炸特性影响的试验研究

为了研究初始温度变化对湿法成型硫磺粉尘燃烧爆炸特性的影响,通过对初始温度分别为35℃、 45℃、 55℃、 65℃、 75℃的硫磺粉尘试样进行测试,发现随着初始温度的上升硫磺粉尘的粉尘云最低着火温度,粉尘云最小点火能逐渐降低;随着初始温度的上升硫磺粉尘的爆炸下限和粉尘层最低着火温度不发生变化。随着温度的升高,硫磺粉尘的燃烧爆炸危险性增加,因此在气温较高的夏秋季节要提高硫磺粉尘燃爆的防护等级。     

碱催化脱氯技术处理氯代新POPs研究及示范工程

以硫丹作为氯代新POPs的代表,通过实验室小试研究,探讨反应温度、NaOH和石蜡油投加量对硫丹在NaOH/石蜡油碱催化反应体系中的去除和脱氯效率(RE和DE)的影响,并寻找出最优条件,开展示范工程研究.实验室小试结果表明,反应温度、NaOH投加量和石蜡油投加量对硫丹脱氯效率的影响要大于对其去除率的影响.当温度为250℃,硫丹和NaOH及石蜡油的质量比为1:3:6和1:3:10时,反应3h后,硫丹去除率和脱氯效率分别达到99.99%和99%以上.采用硫丹和得克隆两种氯代有机物开展示范工程研究,中试设备处理能力达到15kg/批次,在250~300℃下反应3~10h后,对硫丹和得克隆的去除效率均达到99.9%以上,表明硫丹和得克隆被有效分解.示范工程的成功实施为我国履行斯德哥尔摩公约提供技术支持.     

超滤膜联合高级氧化技术深度处理综合工业污水的研究

采用超滤膜联合高级氧化技术对混合工业园区污水中难降解有机污染物、色度、总大肠菌等进行深度处理。结果表明:运行8周后悬浮物、COD、氨氮、总磷和色度的平均去除率分别为92%、90%、70%,63%和90%,总大肠菌去除率达100%。最终出水水质均可达到城市回用水水质标准。     

淬火油泥的热解动力学分析及协同作用研究

采用热重差热分析法和傅里叶变换红外光谱分析联用的方法（TG-FTIR）研究淬火油泥（QOS）的热解过程,解析了热解过程的动力学特性,分析了其中的矿物油（MO）和残渣（SR）在QOS热解过程中的相互作用。实验结果表明：QOS热解过程包含油分热解阶段和矿物质分解阶段;低温段热解温度为150~520 ℃,高温段热解温度为800~980 ℃;SR的热解过程分为油分热解反应和残渣中Fe₂O₃的还原反应;MO的热解过程只有轻质油分的挥发和重质油分的热解。FTIR表征结果显示：QOS热解过程析出的气体主要为CO₂、CO和有机化合物;SR热解过程中CO₂的特征峰强度高于其他气体的特征峰强度;MO热解过程中烷烃的特征峰强度高于其他气体的特征峰强度,且MO主要以轻质油分为主。在QOS的热解过程中,初温~480 ℃时,SR所含的Fe₂O₃对MO的热解起促进作用,300 ℃左右时促进效果最明显。     

动态浸滤及几种静态预测法对云浮硫铁矿酸化特征及产酸潜力的比较

用几种静态预测方法研究了来自云浮硫铁矿矿石的产酸潜力,并结合动态浸滤试验方法对比了新旧矿石的氧化过程及产酸的动力学特征.静态预测结果表明:该矿矿石的净中和酸潜力NNP<-20、中和酸能力与产酸潜力比NP/AP<1:1、静产酸量NAG>10、NAG-pH<4,是强产酸矿.连续25周的动态浸滤试验研究表明:受碳酸盐控制,新矿浸滤液的pH值在7.46—6.45呈缓慢下降的趋势,25周内减小了近1个pH单位;旧矿已经产酸,浸滤液初期pH<4,10周内迅速下降到pH<3,体系氧化性及硫化物的氧化速率远远高于新矿,金属的释放大大增加.     

压模成型对RDF热解动力学的影响

对城市生活垃圾衍生燃料(RDF)进行压模成型处理,改变其空间结构如比表面积、孔结构等,然后在TB-1型热天平中测试不同温度下的热解TG曲线,分析各种动力学参数,得出RDF性质、空间结构对热解反应速率、活化能、指前因子等动力学参数的影响规律.试验结果表明,压型试样的反应速率明显低于未压型试样,最佳热解反应温度段为550℃～650℃.部分压型试样的活化能和指前因子之间存在着补偿效应,虽然压型试样的活化能有所减少,但指前因子有约10倍左右的大幅度减小.