Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach

Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set （5 years （2000-2004）, 17 parameters） obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May （the 1st period） and June-August （the 2nd period）. Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.     

蒽和菲的酶促降解条件及动力学特征

研究了蒽和菲酶促降解的最佳反应条件及其动力学特性.结果表明,利用黄杆菌FCN2产生的胞内酶降解蒽、菲时的最佳pH为6,而且在弱酸性介质中胞内酶的活性较高;在30℃-35℃之间胞内酶能保持较好的降解活性,32℃时胞内酶活性最高.对蒽和菲酶促降解的米氏常数分别为3×10-4 mol·l-1和4×10-4 mol·l-1,相同实验条件下,对蒽降解的最大反应速率为2×10-6mol·l-1·min -1,对菲的最大反应速率为1×10-6mol·l-1·min -1.酶促降解蒽的反应级数接近于0.93,表观速率常数的对数lgk为-1.86,而降解菲的反应级数接近于0.76,表观速率常数的对数lgk为-2.05.     

好氧高效过滤分离生物流化床的试验研究

在分析、研究内循环三相生物流化床反应器(ITBFB)效能影响因素的基础上,提出了轻质滤料过滤与ITBFB相耦合技术原理,设计出好氧高效分离生物流化床复合反应器.应用新型反应器进行生活污水中试试验的结果表明,在复合反应器HRT较短为1.1 h时,SCOD和SS去除率分别达60%和96%;在滤层厚度为30 cm,过滤速度为4.24 m/h时,复合反应器的出水悬浮物可保证16 h达标排放.     

中水回用系统的生物脱臭试验

采样自行设计、构建的生物脱臭塔对生活污水回用处理系统产生的臭气进行净化,获得良好的效果,在空塔停留时间为92s时2个脱臭塔对氨和硫化氢的净化率均达到80%以上,投加活性污泥的1号塔的净化效果更好,表明接种污泥能够促进臭气的净化,其排气中氨含量已优于厂界一级标准,臭气强度接近无臭水平,沸石吸附及微生物氧化分解可能是其中主要过程机理。脱臭塔净化后排气中硫化氢含量仍然较高,达到稍可感觉出和易感觉的水平,表明脱臭塔对硫化氢的净化作用有待进一步提高。氮氧化物因为进气浓度很低,故净化率仅为37%～51%。     

香根草在煤矿矸石山污染防治中的应用探讨

我国煤矿矸石的堆放长期以来主要是以露天堆放为主,当遇到雨季,受雨水冲刷产生的废水对环境造成二次污染,香根草是近年来逐渐被重视的生物防治技术,利用香根草良好的固土护坡特性,解决矸石堆放的二次污染问题,取得较好的效果。     

臭氧联合过硫酸氢钾复合盐氧化降解水中酮洛芬的研究

利用臭氧(O_3)以及臭氧联合过硫酸氢钾复合盐(O3/PMS)降解酮洛芬(KET)模拟废水,对比了两个体系中酮洛芬的降解效果以及初始pH值对酮洛芬降解的影响,并探究了降解机理.结果表明,酮洛芬的降解符合准一级动力学.PMS能促进臭氧氧化降解酮洛芬,在一定实验条件下其促进率为58.6%.初始pH值对两个体系降解酮洛芬均有明显的影响,pH值越高,降解效果越好.体系中同时存在O_3、·OH及SO_4~(·-),它们对酮洛芬降解的贡献率分别为4.35%、54.35%、41.30%.     

水泥炉窑中低温催化脱硝技术中试性能

利用中低温SCR脱硝技术路线对水泥窑炉进行深度脱硝,设计建设了烟气处理量为10000m³/h的SCR中试实验装置,考察了在SNCR装置后烟气中未能反应的NH₃进一步在SCR（selective catalytic reduction）装置的脱硝效果,并分析了不同入口NO_x浓度对脱硝率的影响.结果表明,所研究的水泥厂仅采用SNCR（selective non-catalytic reduction）和低氮燃烧技术,能够将烟气中的NO_x控制在100~135mg/Nm³,在不喷氨的状态下SCR系统的脱硝效率可达到50%以上,说明SNCR反应存在着一定懂得氨逃逸;在SCR系统补充喷射氨气后,SCR脱硝效率有显著的提升,可提到至80%以上.通过低氮燃烧、SNCR与SCR等脱硝技术的联合使用,可将水泥炉窑烟气中NO_x的排放浓度控制在50mg/Nm³以内,满足超低排放要求;将经过较长时间稳定运行后催化剂从系统中取出,进行成分、孔径分布和脱硝活性对比,结果表明催化剂内部微孔会被部分堵塞,导致比表面积降低,但经吹扫处理催化剂的脱硝效率可恢复,说明催化剂在水泥窑炉烟气条件下长期运行未出现中毒现象.     

催化湿式氧化法处理高浓度有机废水的动力学模型

在２７０℃、８．８ＭＰａ条件下用催化湿式氧化法试验处理高浓度工业有机废水,反应时间１０￣１５ｍｉｎ时,废水中ＴＯＣ浓度可由１７９００ｍｇ／Ｌ降至１００ｍｇ／Ｌ以下。针对这一多相催化氧化反应过程,以ＴＯＣ为目标污染和,研究建立了涉及液、气、固三相的反应动力学模型。反应时间、瓜器ＴＯＣ浓度、反应压力和反应温度等主要因素对反应器净化ＴＯＣ性能影响的试验表明,该模型计算值与实验值有很好的相关性（相关系数Ｒ     

表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型及实现方法

人工湿地做为一种高效低耗的新型污水处理工艺日益为人们所关注,特别是表面流人工湿地所特有的区域生态效益和脱氮除磷效果,但其污染物去除的内在机制并不为人们所完全掌握。本文详细地介绍了表面流人工湿地磷循环生态动力学模型的设计思想、具体结构、数学模式和实现方法,并对生物生长、死亡和土壤作用模块的各种不同实现方法傲了深入细致地分析探讨。结果表明人工湿地生态动力学模型由于假设歧义、实现方法不统一、模型参数测定手段的缺乏等因素的影响,导致其模拟结果的误差偏大,在表面流人工湿地多介质环境条件下多形态磷循环机理和多学科交叉研究方面还需要进行更深入、细致的工作,来对模型不断完善以推动对人工湿地污水处理工艺的完全掌握和科学应用。     

Assessment and mapping of environmental quality in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province, China

Heavy metal concentrations in agricultural soils of Zhejiang Province were monitored to indicate the status of heavy metal contamination and assess environmental quality of agricultural soils. A total of 908 soil samples were collected from 38 counties in Zbejiang Province and eight heavy metal （Cd, Cr, Pb, Hg, Cu, Zn, Ni and As） concentrations had been evaluated in agricultural soil. It was found 775 samples were unpolluted and 133 samples were slightly polluted and more respectively, that is approximately 14.65% agricultural soil samples had the heavy metal concentration above the threshold level in this province by means of Nemerow＇s synthetical pollution index method according to the second grade of Standards for Soil Environmental Quality of China （GB15618- 1995）. Contamination of Cd was the highest, followed by Ni, As and Zn were lower correspondingly. Moreover, Inverse Distance Weighted （IDW） interpolation method was used to make an assessment map of soil environmental quality based on the Nemerow＇s pollution index and the soil environmental quality was categorized into five grades. Moreover, ten indices were calculated as input parameters for principal component analysis （PCA） and the principal components （PCs） were created to compare environmental quality of different soils and regions. The results revealed that environmental quality of tea soils was better than that of paddy soils, vegetable soils and fruit soils. This study indicated that GIS combined with multivariate statistical approaches proved to be effective and powerful tool in the mapping of soil contamination distribution and the assessment of soil environmental quality on provincial scale, which is beneficial to environmental protection and management decision-making by local government.