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81.
ZHANG Shao-yuan Renze van Houten Dick H. Eikelboom JIANG Zhao-chun FAN Yao-bo WANG Ju-si 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2002,14(4):501-507
Based on the microorganism kinetic model, the formula for computing hydraulic retention time in a membrane bioreactor system (MBR) is derived. With considering HRT as an evaluation index a combinational approach was used to discuss factors which have an effect on MBR. As a result, the influencing factors were listed in order from strength to weakness as: maximum specific removal rate K, saturation constant Ks, maintenance coefficient m, maximum specific growth rate ,ua and observed yield coefficient Yobs. Moreover, the formula was simplified, whose parameters were experimentally determined in petrochemical wastewater treatment. The simplified formula is θ= 1.1( 1/β -1)(Ks S)/KXo , for oetroehemical wastewater treatment K and Ko eaualed 0.185 and 154.2, resoectively. 相似文献
82.
《组织行为杂志》2017,38(7):1057-1075
Research to date has largely been unclear about whether a single perpetrator is sufficient to instigate the well‐documented negative consequences of workplace incivility. In the current research, we examine the extent to which perceived belongingness and embarrassment mediate the relationship between incivility from a single perpetrator and two important outcomes (job insecurity and somatic symptoms), and the extent to which the perpetrator's power moderates these relationships. Across two studies using different methods, we find that incidents of single perpetrator incivility are associated with target feelings of isolation and embarrassment, which in turn relate to targets' perceived job insecurity and somatic symptoms (Studies 1 and 2) both the same day and three days later (Study 2). Moreover, we find that perpetrator power moderates the relationship between incivility and embarrassment, such that targets are more embarrassed when the perpetrator is powerful. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
83.
内分泌干扰物4-叔丁基苯酚在水中的氯化动力学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对典型内分泌干扰物4-叔丁基苯酚(4-TBP)在水中的氯化反应动力学进行了研究.结果发现,在不同HOCl初始浓度和pH条件下,4-TBP能够迅速被氯氧化,4-TBP的氯化反应符合二级反应动力学.表观速率常数kapp与pH值有关,在pH为5和9左右时,kapp分别达到最小值和最大值;对氯化反应中的每一个基元反应的反应速率常数进行了计算, HOCl与4-TBP的酸催化反应及ClO-与4-TBP反应的速率常数分别为4.99×106 L2·(mol2·min)-1和1.96×104 L·(mol·min)-1,而HOCl与4-TBP的反应及HOCl与4-TBP-的反应较慢,4-TBP-与ClO-不发生反应.水处理中氯消毒工艺对4-TBP的降解有一定的影响,在氯投加量为3 mg/L时,4-TBP的半衰期为12.1 min. 相似文献
84.
Experimental data are presented to test and validate a kinetic model for the oxidation of 2-chlorophenol wastewater by photo-assisted Fenton process. The data showed that this process had produced good effects under acidic conductions. Up to 90% 2-chlorophenol was removed after 90-minute reaction time with H2O2 of 25% CODCr. in, while in UV/H2O2 system ordy 16.8% 2-chlorophenol was removed after one hour treatment. The optimal pH in this reaction occurred between pH 3.0 and pH 4.0. The reaction kinetics for photo-assisted Fenton process experimented in this research was investigated. Kinetic models were proposed for the treatment of 2-chlorophenol wastewater. The reaction was found to follow the 2nd order. The equations of reaction kinetics are as follows:-d[RH]/dt=KRH[RH][H2O2]0exp(-KH2o2t);-d[CODCr]/dt=KCODCr[CODCr][H2O2]0exp(-K′t).The prediction of the models was found to be in a good agreement with experimental results, thus confimfing the proposed reaction mechanism. 相似文献
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CHENG Song 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(4):502-507
To demonstrate the existence of light thresholds in plant growth and to examine the effects of elevated CO2 on the shade tolerance of a tree species, an experiment consisting of a completely randomized design for a total of 96 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) seedlings was conducted with 3 light levels (2.9%, 7.7%, 26.1% of full sunlight)×2 CO2 levels (350 and 700±10 ppm) with 4 replications in a phytotron. The study proved that thresholds exist and they vary in different plant organs. In ambient CO2, the thresholds were 13.3%, 18.7%, 15.0%, 15.2%, and 15.6% of full sunlight for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. In 700 ppm CO2, the corresponding thresholds were 16.7%, 21.3%, 18.1%, 21.7% and 19.5% for stem, leaf, root, total plant biomass, and the averaged value, respectively. The lowest threshold in the stem is an indicator of the minimal light intensity for regular growth for seedlings of this species. Below this threshold, light-stressful growth occurs. The result of a paired t-test indicated that the thresholds in elevated CO2 were significantly higher than in ambient CO2. This suggests that yellow birch will lose its moderate shade tolerance, evolutionally becoming a shade-intolerant species, and that it may become more difficult to naturally regenerate in the future. 相似文献
89.
The undermining effect revisited: The salience of everyday verbal rewards and self‐determined motivation 下载免费PDF全文
Self‐determination theory suggests that some rewards can undermine autonomous motivation and related positive outcomes. Key to this undermining is the extent to which rewards are perceived as salient in a given situation; when this is the case, individuals tend to attribute their behavior to the incentive, and the intrinsic value of the task is undermined. The role of salience has yet to be explicitly tested with respect to work motivation; we know little about whether undermining occurs in relation to verbal rewards, which characterize everyday work. We examine this in a field‐based quantitative diary study of 58 employees reporting 287 critical incidents of motivated behavior. When considering simple direct effects, the undermining effect was not supported; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with introjected and external motivation, but at no cost to autonomous motivation. However, moderator analysis found support for the undermining effect for complex tasks; highly salient verbal rewards associated positively with external motivation while associating negatively with intrinsic and identified motivation. The findings suggest that verbal reward salience is an important characteristic of verbal reward perceptions and that salient verbal rewards are not advisable for more complex tasks but can have a valuable motivational impact for simple tasks. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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