Comparative genotoxicity of water processed by three drinking water treatment plants with different water treatment procedures

• Genotoxicity of substances is unknown in the water after treatment processes. • Genotoxicity decreased by activated carbon treatment but increased by chlorination. • Halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds contribute to genotoxicity. • Genotoxicity was assessed by umu test; acute and chronic toxicity by ECOSAR. • Inconsistent results confirmed that genotoxicity cannot be assessed by ECOSAR. Advanced water treatment is commonly used to remove micropollutants such as pesticides, endocrine disrupting chemicals, and disinfection byproducts in modern drinking water treatment plants. However, little attention has been paid to the changes in the genotoxicity of substances remaining in the water following the different water treatment processes. In this study, samples were collected from three drinking water treatment plants with different treatment processes. The treated water from each process was analyzed and compared for genotoxicity and the formation of organic compounds. The genotoxicity was evaluated by an umu test, and the acute and chronic toxicity was analyzed through Ecological Structure- Activity Relationship (ECOSAR). The results of the umu test indicated that biological activated carbon reduced the genotoxicity by 38%, 77%, and 46% in the three drinking water treatment plants, respectively, while chlorination increased the genotoxicity. Gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that halogenated hydrocarbons and aromatic compounds were major contributors to genotoxicity. The results of ECOSAR were not consistent with those of the umu test. Therefore, we conclude that genotoxicity cannot be determined using ECOSAR .     

玻璃纤维-砂浆管试件动态拉伸破坏特性试验研究

为了探究动载作用下GFRP（玻璃纤维）-砂浆管的动态拉伸破坏特性,采用分离式SHPB试验装置对2种空心率的水泥砂浆管和GFRP-砂浆管进行动态拉伸试验。结果表明:空心率越小、冲击气压和壁厚越大,试件峰值抗拉强度越大;GFRP-砂浆管的峰值抗拉强度随GFRP管壁厚的增大而不断增大,在空心率为0.292时,峰值抗拉强度随GFRP管壁厚增大呈对数函数递增,而在空心率0.187时,峰值抗拉强度随GFRP管壁厚增大呈指数函数递增;无GFRP管时水泥砂浆管呈对称四块破碎,GFRP-砂浆管在0.5~0.7 MPa冲击气压下仅有细小裂纹产生,在0.8 MPa冲击气压下,与入射杆接触部分产生“楔形”破坏,但总体保持为管状、破坏程度仍低于水泥砂浆管,表明GFRP管对水泥砂浆管具有较好的保护作用,可有效提高其动态抗拉强度。     

便携式场(厂)内专用机动车辆制动性能检测设备的研发

设计一套可用于场(厂)内专用机动车辆制动系统现场检验的在线检测设备,将制动性能测量、多通道信号处理算法,以及智能化诊断集成于一体,通过显示窗口反馈设备运行过程中的关键参数与预警部位,并为检测结果判断安全等级,从而提高了检验效率,实现了检验设备的小型化、智能化.     

多尺度环境空气质量预报业务产品测试研究

为了探讨NAQPMS数值模式预报产品及其他预报业务所需产品在国家-区域-城市不同尺度单位的有效使用率、重污染过程中的作用,以及不同地区(城市)预报业务需求及作业产品需求偏差,选取17家单位进行测试研究。分析数据显示:15类参与研究产品均为各省市监测中心空气质量日常预报业务的开展作出了重要贡献,NAQPMS数值预报产品准确率最高可达到84.72%,省会城市准确率略低,总体平均可达50.21%,重污染过程的平均捕捉准确率为52.33%;研究测试产品在各尺度的获取时间均可控制在2.5 h左右。研究结果表明,指导产品能基本反映污染物形成、发展及变化趋势,明确不同地区城市预报业务需求及产品偏差,在PM_(2.5)和O_3预报准确率和重污染过程捕捉预报结果偏低等方面有待加强。     

一株氧化亚铁硫杆菌的筛选及生长条件研究

从广东省大宝山矿区尾矿中分离纯化得到一株嗜酸细菌,对其进行DNA提取和16S rRNA扩增后测序,将测序结果与国际基因数据库Genbank中已有相关菌株序列进行相似性比对后,发现该菌株与氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacil-lus ferrooxidans)Tf-49菌位于系统发育树的同一分支中,二者相似度高达99%以上,确定其为氧化亚铁硫杆菌并命名为DBS-8菌。另外,通过设计5因素4水平的正交实验,研究了接种量、培养温度、硫酸铵浓度、初始pH和初始亚铁浓度对该菌株生长状况的影响。结果表明适宜该菌株生长的最佳初始条件为:20%的接种量、3.0 g/L硫酸铵、9.0 g/L初始亚铁、pH=2.0和28℃培养,各初始条件对细菌生长影响的顺序为:pH初始亚铁浓度接种量温度硫酸铵浓度。     

Implied-consent laws: A review of the literature and examination of current problems and related statutes

Problem

A substantial proportion of drivers arrested for DUI refuse the BAC test, thereby reducing the likelihood that they will be convicted and potentially increasing the number of high-risk multiple offenders contributing to alcohol-related crashes.

Method

This paper reviews the information on the current status of implied-consent laws (which impose a sanction on offenders who refuse the BAC test) in the 50 states and the other relevant traffic safety laws and policies that may influence state refusal rates.

Results

Although there appears to be only a weak relationship between state refusal rates and crash rates, there is strong evidence that BAC test refusals significantly compromise the arrest, prosecution, and sentencing of DUI suspects and the overall enforcement of DUI laws in the United States.

Discussion

Laws and policies that may reduce the number of refusals are discussed.

Impact on industry

Alcohol-related crash injuries are an important cost problem for U.S. industry because of property damage from crashes, crash injuries to employees that raise health costs, or the reduction of time on the job resulting from a highway injury.     

非电力驱动多用途系列喷射式吸风器研制与应用

给出喷射式吸风器的结构及其工作原理;介绍了喷射器的性能与特点;笔者运用喷射器在大型化肥塔类设备内外施焊、等离子切割、球罐喷砂、箱式电炉模壳焙烧及马达线圈高温浸漆等10个不同施工场所进行了实际应用和验证,结果表明,该系列吸风器通风换气或排烟、排尘、排毒等性能安全可靠,且使用效果良好;同时,进一步研讨了改进和完善喷射式吸风器的有关技术问题。     

矿工个体变量与安全认识水平的关系研究

使用中国矿业大学安全管理研究所设计的安全认识测量量表（SCSS）,抽样调查某矿关于38个安伞相关问题的认识,并将统计结果与事故经历、年龄、工龄、文化程度和职务等5个体变量因素进行分析。结果发现安全管理部门员工的总体安全认识水平比生产区队高（Sig．=0．006）,年龄越大、工龄越长员工的总体安全认识水平也越高（Sig．分别为0．050和0．017）,没有工伤经历比有过工伤经历的员对安全相关问题的看法更积极（Sig．=0．042）,而文化程度、职务等变量对总体安全认识水平的影响则没有达到显著程度（Sig．分别为0．566和0．067）。论文所揭示的变量与安全认识的关系,有助于相关研究的深入。     

离子色谱分析法用于化学防护服材料渗透性能检测的研究

渗透性能是化学防护服最重要的防护性能指标之一。本文采用PTC200型渗透测试池、蠕动泵、超滤装置和离子色谱分析仪,构建了测试化学防护服渗透性能的装置,并利用该装置对一系列化学防护服面料对浓硫酸和NaOH溶液的渗透性能进行了检测。结果表明,利用该装置可以方便准确地实现服装面料渗透性能测试,是一种具有重要应用价值的检测方法。该方法的开发为规范我们国家化学防护服装及相关产品防护性能检测方式,提高检测结果的准确度和一致性,具有重要的意义。     

基于正交实验的颗粒移动床烟气脱硫工艺参数优化

石灰石颗粒移动床脱硫工艺参数是影响脱硫效率和操作压降变化的重要因素,考虑到工艺参数对脱硫过程的影响,基于正交实验方法,通过直观分析和方差分析得到喷淋密度、空床气速、SO2浓度、烟气温度和床层下移速度对脱硫效率影响程度的主次顺序和脱硫效率与各因素之间的关系,并且分析了各因素对脱硫效率的影响规律。研究发现,各因素对脱硫效率的影响程度依次是空床气速>喷淋密度>SO2浓度>烟气温度>床层下移速度。喷淋密度对脱硫效率的影响高度显著,呈正相关;空床气速对脱硫效率的影响高度显著,呈负相关;SO2浓度和烟气温度对脱硫效率有影响但不显著,呈负相关。床层下移速度与脱硫效率呈正相关。