Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Contamination of Surface Sediments from Port Dickson,Malaysia: Distribution,Sources and Ecological Risk Assessment

Distribution and sources of 16 parent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in surface sediments from Port Dickson, Malaysia. Total PAHs varied from 481.3 to 976.6 with a mean value of 679.3 ng g^?1 dry weight, which can be classified as moderate level of pollution. The toxic assessment suggested that the PAHs in sediments will not cause immediately adverse biological effects. Both petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs were recorded in the study area with dominance of pyrogenic. The authors believe that effective monitoring and implementation of environmental regulations have resulted in a tremendous improvement of sediment quality in the Malaysian aquatic ecosystem.     

黄土区陡坡侵蚀过程试验研究

通过室内放水冲刷试验,结果表明,陡坡单宽径流能耗与单宽径流产沙率之间存在以下线性关系:Dr=18.672(ΔE - 0.751),说明土壤的可蚀性参数为18.672 g/J,发生坡面细沟侵蚀的临界径流能耗为0.751 J/(ms)。坡面单宽径流能耗随流量增大而增加,随坡度变化呈抛物线趋势,临界坡度出现在21和24之间。坡面上各段面单宽径流能耗均随流量的增大而增加,随着坡度逐渐增加,坡面上部段面能耗渐增,中部段面渐减,下部较稳定。坡面各段面侵蚀产沙也有类似特征。此研究对于深入了解黄土高原陡坡土壤侵蚀过程和机理具有重要意义。     

珠江三角洲淡水养殖沉积物及鱼体中DDTs和PAHs的残留与风险分析

采用GC-ECD和GC-MS分析了珠江三角洲淡水养殖鱼塘沉积物及鱼体中DDTs、PAHs的质量分数。结果表明,珠江三角洲地区鱼塘积物中DDTs质量分数范围为2.87～8.25ng·g-1,PAHs质量分数分布在61.76～196.05ng·g-1(干物质量)之间;鳙鱼、草鱼等5种鱼肌肉样品中DDTs质量分数为5.47～125.27ng·g-(1湿质量),PAHs质量分数为30.94～410.06ng·g-1(湿质量),5个品种鱼体内DDTs质量分数均未超过国家食用卫生标准。部分鱼塘中含有o,p’-DDT和p,p'-DDT,表明近期曾受到DDT污染。生态风险分析表明,珠江三角洲部分地区DDTs污染生态风险较高。     

官厅流域农田地表径流磷流失初探

农田径流和侵蚀泥沙是磷进入官厅水库的主要非点污染源。针对该流域夏季农田暴雨径流发生的典型情景进行模拟降雨径流试验，对该流域农田地表径流泥沙和磷流失进行了初步的研究，结果表明，本降雨过程径流累积泥沙产量为30．5l～2493．34g／m^2，受雨强、坡度和作物覆盖的影响明显；径流溶解态磷(DP)中绝大部分是生物可利用性磷(DRP)，径流平均DP、DRP浓度都远大于水体允许临界值0．02mg／L，对官厅水体存在直接污染危害。径流累积全磷(TP)流失达O．0439～2．0798g/m^2；估算的流域农田径流全磷(TP)流失水平达2．67kg／(hm^2．a)以上，其颗粒态占969，0以上，可能成为官厅水库浮游生物长期丰富的潜在可利用磷源。降低农田土壤速效磷水平、减少水土侵蚀，是控制库区水华季节性发生和复原库区水体富营养化状态的关键。     

长江口柱状沉积物中有机质C/N比的研究

对长江口四个站位沉积物中有机质的C／N比在垂向上的分布进行了研究，在影响沉积物中有机质C／N比的环境因素中，上覆水体的水深、盐度、密度以及浊度对其有一定的影响．在研究沉积物中有机质C／N比的分布及其影响因素的基础上，进一步估算了陆源输入和海洋自生有机碳在这四个站位沉积物有机碳中所占的比例，结果表明，海洋自生组分占沉积物总有机碳的比例分别为：53．57％(8号站位)、20．34％(11号站位)，12．28％(17号站位)和32．73％(26号站位)．     

珠江广州河段底泥中汞铜铅的污染及其与有机质硫化物积累的关系

珠江广州河段底泥中有机质、硫化物和重金属汞、铜、铅的污染监测结果表明：各种污染物的含量范围分别为有机质２０．８—７４．４ｇ／ｋｇ，硫化物２８．７—５３８ｍｇ／ｋｇ，汞０．０７－０．７４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，铜２０．９—１０１ｍｇ／ｋｇ，铅１４．２—９１７ｍｇ／ｋｇ；它们在沿程各断面的分布表现为上游往中游递增，而中游向下游递减，基本上以猎德、广纸和黄沙三个断面的污染最严重；各种污染物的污染程度顺序是硫化物＞汞＞铜＞铅。相关分析表明：汞、铜与有机质和硫化物的相关关系均达到极显著水平。说明随着底泥中有机质和硫化物积累的增加，汞、铜的富集量相应增加，污染加重。     

底质中氨氮对沉水植物生长的影响

沉水植物的生长不但与水体营养盐浓度具有十分密切的关系,也受底泥中营养物质的影响,尤其是底泥中氨氮的含量对于植物生长具有重要的作用,因此研究底质中氨氮对高等沉水植物生长的影响,能够为沉水植被的重建及选种提供科学参考。作者在人工配制的7种含不同浓度铵态氮的底质条件下,通过测定苦草VallisnerianatansL.和伊乐藻Elodeanuttallii两种沉水植物的植株鲜物质量的变化、干物质量、根系的活力、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,以期明确这两种沉水植物与水体底质浓度之间的关系。试验结果表明,氨氮起始质量分数<50mg·kg-1和<500mg·kg-1时可以分别促进苦草和伊乐藻鲜物质量、干物质量和根系活力的增加,大于此范围则会抑制苦草VallisnerianatansL和伊乐藻Elodeanuttallii的生长。     

沉积物中腐殖质对铜毒性的影响

东湖沉积物中掺入腐殖质与铜 ,得到总有机碳 (TOC) 1.4 5 %～ 5 .72 %、总铜 (TCu) 12 0～ 2 70 0mg/kg的污染沉积物样品 ,离心法制取沉积物间隙水 .间隙水对大型溞 (Daphniamagna)进行 4 8h急性毒性试验 .沉积物及间隙水的化学分析表明 :间隙水中可溶性有机碳 (DOC)、铜 (Cu)、铁 (Fe)、锰 (Mn)、钙 (Ca)与沉积物中TOC和TCu含量关系呈现不同的变化规律 .多元分析表明 :间隙水中铜对大型溞的急性毒性 ,随沉积物中TOC含量的升高而减弱 ,随沉积物中总铜含量的增加而增强 ,多元回归方程为 :LC50 =- 0 .13179+0 .0 780 7[TOC]- 0 .0 0 0 12 [TCu]+0 .0 4 6 5 3[DOC]- 0 .0 80 4 5 [Cu]+0 .0 0 794 [Fe]+0 .0 36 6 [Ca],P =0 .0 0 0 0 相似文献   

淀山湖上覆水与沉积物孔隙水中重金属的分布特征

研究了淀山湖上覆水和沉积物孔隙水中Pb ,Cd,Cr,Cu ,Fe和Mn的浓度及Eh 分布 ,分析了孔隙水中重金属的扩散通量 .结果表明 ,淀山湖中重金属的浓度由高到低依次为 :Mn >Fe >Cr,Cu ,Pb >Cd ;Fe和Mn在孔隙水中的浓度远远大于它们在上覆水中的浓度 ,表层沉积物孔隙水中Pb ,Cd ,Cr,Cu的浓度稍大于它们在上覆水中的浓度 ;沉积物中的重金属可能按照浓度梯度经孔隙水从沉积物向上覆水中扩散而最终影响上覆水的水质     

Heavy Metals in the Bed and Suspended Sediments of Anyang River, Korea: Implications for Water Quality

The objective of this study is to compare Anyang River bed sediments with water chemical composition and to assess the anthropogenic chemical inputs into the river system. Eight sampling locations were chosen along the river channel. Bed and suspended river sediments and water samples were collected, and analyzed for their chemical and physical composition. Data revealed that trace element concentrations in the river water were generally below world average, except for As, Mn, Ni and Cr. Among the three phases: water, bed and suspended sediment, more than 99% of the trace elements was associated with the bed sediment. Concentrations of trace elements in the sediment were a function a particle size distribution and organic content. The calculated degrees of enrichment based on the least influenced sample (ASD 1) indicated the river sediments were enriched with respect to background. The enrichment factors for Pb, Zn and As were relatively lower than for Cr, Co, Ni and Zn. The difference in the enrichment seems to reflect the human activities influence in the basin, and specially for Cd. Speciation of the elements in the five different chemical forms in the sediment by sequential extraction indicated that the reducible fraction was predominant for Fe, Zinc and Cu showed an irregular variation among the different fractions; whereas, Cd and Pb were more regular. Zinc and Cu highly existed mostly in exchangeable forms. Acid soluble and reducible forms were also important for most metals. The speciation implies that the metals associated with the sediment are subject to release into water bodies as goechemical variables (pH and Eh) change. Currently, the introduced metals are deposited near the source area and are mostly associated with the sediment, implying that the river bed sediment acts mainly as a sink, rather than a pool. The accumulated and enriched toxic trace elements can pose a potential pollution of river water.