VARIATION IN ADIRONDACK,NEW YORK,LAKEWATER CHEMISTRY AS FUNCTION OF SURFACE AREA1

ABSTRACT: Data from a recent survey conducted by the Adirondack Lake Survey Corporation were used to evaluate the influence of lake surface area on the acid-base status of lakes in Adirondack State Park, New York. Acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) in the small lakes (< 4 ha) occurred more frequently at extreme values (> 200, < 0 μeq L^?1), whereas larger lakes tended to be intermediate in ANC. Consequently, acidic (ANC ≤ 0) and low-pH lakes were typically small. The small lakes also exhibited lower Ca²⁺ concentration and higher dissolved organic carbon than did larger lakes. Lakes ≥ 4 ha were only half as likely to be acidic as were lakes ≥ 1 ha in area. These data illustrate the dependence of lake chemistry on lake surface area and the importance of the lower lake area limit for a statistical survey of lake water chemistry.     

内燃机噪声测试室的设计与研究

在声学研究分析的基础上,阐述了内燃机噪声测试室的工程设计要点,论证了噪声测试室与试车室共用的可行性。     

信息化与省域经济增长研究

从信息化产业水平、信息化基础设施水平和信息化综合发展水平来测算区域信息化水平，并对中国各省的信息化发展水平进行比较研究，研究显示：东部省区的信息化发展整体上处于领先位置，极化作用突出，本部各省只是在局部地区显示了信息化发展的相对领先，显示出非均衡发展的特点。中部还处于信息化发展水平较低的均衡发展阶段。基于此，本文考虑将信息化作为一种内生经济行为，研究信息化对省域经济的影响。研究显示，信息化促进了东部经济的快速增长，对长江三角洲、珠江三角洲和环渤海地区的经济贡献尤为突出。在西部地区，信息化设施对地理位置偏远的省区较工业基础相对优越省区的经济增长作用突出。即信息化是改善地理位置边远地区经济发展条件的重要手段。同时信息化对中部地区经济提出严重挑战。却在西部地区普遍呈现出强劲的增长带动作用，也就是说信息产业对实现落后地区的跨越式发展是有根据的。     

长江汉口边滩防洪及环境综合治理的研究

武汉市国管院批准的防洪重点城市，长江武汉河段是重点治理河段之一。该河段河道演变复杂，洲滩冲淤，是影响主流，航道变迁及汛期泄洪。左岸汉口边滩上密集的房屋，杂乱无序，成为行洪障碍及污染污染源，破坏环境及景观。市政府决定实施防洪及环境综合治理，该工程属省，部级重大科研项目。从定，动床河工模型试验及环境保护进行分析研究。定床试验，研究工程实施后，本河段的水位，流速，流态及天兴洲左右汊分流比的变化；动床试验，研究在不同典型水文年条件下的河势，河道冲淤变化及疏浚区的回淤回，为治理方案的优化比选及工程决策提供科学依据。这是长江干流滨江城市河道整治的先声，是城市规划建设中环境保护工程实施的首例，意义非常和重大。     

澄江县阳宗镇生态环境治理对策研究

分析了阳宗镇的生态环境状况和存在的问题，提出了阳宗镇生态治理的对策措施。     

LONG-TERM RECONSTRUCTION OF WATER LEVEL CHANGES FOR LAKE ATHABASCA BY ANALYSIS OF TREE RINGS1

ABSTRACT: The fact that dendrochronology can be a useful tool in water resources management is demonstrated by a study of past changes in lake levels. The study was necessitated by the recent (1967) closure of the gates on the W.A.C. Bennett Dam on the Peace River in British Columbia, causing a drop in water levels of Lake Athabasca, the lake levels control water level undulations in a series of smaller lakes which lie in the 1.5 million acre delta area along its western edge in Alberta. The W.A.C. Bennett Dam has by its regulation of the Peace River affected the river's historical role of creating a hydraulic dam during early summer flood stages thereby preventing outflow from Lake Athabasca and inducing annual inundation of the delta area. Because the ecololgy of the lake and adjacent delta region has depended on the now attenuated snow-melt flooding from the Upper Peace River Basin, it became necessary to consider some means of artificially inducing this annual inundation. It was not known, however, what the long-term water level changes were around which the present ecology had developed. Continuous historical lake level records exist only for the period 1935–1967. Was this period one of anomalously high or low water levels? Relatively old white spruce trees growing along natural levees of the channels in the delta region were found to contain tree-ring records that reflected the water stages in the channels. Because the water levels in the channels could be correlated with lake levels, it was possible to use the three-ring series to extend the known 33-year record of lake level changes to 158 years. By using canonical analysis and 10-day mean lake levels for three different subperiods in the 33-year period of calibration, along with tree-ring series from appropriately chosen stands of white spruce, reconstructions were made of the long-term record for late May, early July, and late September. The reconstructed record shows that the May 21–30 lake levels have been three times as variable in the past as in the period of historical record (1935–1967), the July 11–20 levels twice as variable, and the September 21–30 levels 10% less variable. However, the mean water level for each of the three subperiods for the long-term record is very close to the means for the period of historical record. The reconstructed record shows that, before the dam gates were closed, there was only one three-year period (1866–1868) in which the lake levels were as low as they have been since closure of the gates (that is, 1967–1970). (Levels were nearly as low, however, during the period 1942–1945.     

三峡库区土地自然坡度和高程对经济发展的影响

坡度和高程是土地资源固有的二个重要环境因子 ,对土地利用和土地生产力有直接作用。在山区 ,坡度和高程基本上决定了土地利用方向和利用方式 ,从而影响到经济效益和发展潜力。三峡库区面积 6 2 6 4 0km2 ,为丘陵、低中山区 ,山高坡陡。按坡度和高程对农业生产的影响程度进行分级 :0～ 7°、7～ 15°、15～ 2 5°、>2 5° ;80 0m以下 ,80 0m以上。在编制的 1:10万土地自然坡度和高程分级图及土地利用图的基础上获取各坡度、高程级及其土地利用类型和数据。 4个坡度级土地面积随坡度的增加而加大 ,随海拔的增高而减小。耕地大部分集中在 80 0m以下 7～ 15°和 15～ 2 5°的坡度上 ,优质耕地少 ,中、低产地多 ,并存在大量的陡坡耕地。森林大多分布在 80 0m以上 >2 5°陡坡上。根据对 1980～ 1996年库区主要县、市农业年产值与自然坡度和高程的定量分析比较 ,可以看出它们之间存在着明显的反比例关系。综合提高库区土地生产力 ,必须遵循“有所为 ,有所不为”原则 ,进行农业结构调整 ,不片面强调增加粮食产量而盲目扩大耕地面积 ,大力改造 15～ 2 5°的中、低产地 ,有计划、按步骤并在尊重农民意愿的基础上进行退陡坡旱地还林 (草 ) ,改善生态环境。     

贵州草海沉积物纤维素氧同位素研究及其古环境意义

纤维素在湖泊沉积过程中不易发生分解,故其稳定同位素组成能真实地反映原始环境信息。本文在建立一套有效的四阶段(酸洗、碱洗、漂白及碱洗)湖泊沉积物纤维素提取基础上,成功测定了近500年草海沉积物纤维素氧同位素组成。草海纤维素氧同位素组成与董哥洞石笋恢复的降雨量的一致性变化表明纤维素氧同位素主要反映湖水氧同位素组成,进而指示了湖区降雨量变化。     

汉阳两湖泊底泥酶活性和脂肪酸垂直分布特征

酶活性和脂肪酸是富营养化湖泊底泥重要的生化指标。研究以武汉市汉阳地区两个湖泊为对象,测定了其中的酶活性(比色法)和脂肪酸(温和碱性甲酯化方法)。结果表明:酸性磷酸酶活性在表层和亚表层没有显著性差异(p0.05),而脲酶表层酶活性显著高于亚表层,甚至在有些位点差异极显著(p0.0005);饱和直链脂肪酸(碳原子数19)占总脂肪酸比例为40.40%～47.85%,多不饱和脂肪酸比例为18.21%～25.08%,表层和亚表层之间差异不明显(p0.05);单不饱和脂肪酸占总脂肪酸比例为19.60%～29.31%,饱和直链脂肪酸(碳原子数19)占总脂肪酸比例为6.47%～14.28%,表层和亚表层之间差异显著(p0.05)。碳原子数≥C24的长链脂肪酸比例很低,为1.57%～3.60%。上述研究结果在一定程度上获得了富营养化浅水湖泊底泥中酶活性和脂肪酸在垂直空间上的分布特征。     

风浪模拟扰动下梅梁湾沉积物的实验研究

在太湖梅梁湾采取沉积物原状芯样,利用沉积物再悬浮振荡器,以100r/min的步长逐步增大隔栅的振荡频率使其在0-800r/min范围内振荡,进行0-0.53N/m2底部切应力条件下的沉积物悬浮模拟实验,揭示上覆水中悬浮颗粒物(SPM)、上覆水中可溶性磷(SRP)以及因扰动引起悬浮的颗粒物生物可利用磷(BAP)与切应力水平之间的关系。扰动实验结果表明:(1)上覆水中SPM的含量随切应力的增加而增大,呈现指数上升趋势,采样点沉积物的临界切应力为0.12N/m2。(2)扰动过程中,上覆水中的SRP含量随切应力增加而增大,悬浮颗粒物BAP的含量随切应力的增加而减小,且较大的切应力对SRP和BAP含量产生的影响程度明显大于较小的切应力。(3)上覆水中SRP的含量在临界切应力0.12N/m2后明显上升,悬浮颗粒物BAP的含量在临界切应力0.12N/m2时急剧下降,临界切应力对悬浮过程中营养盐磷的释放影响很大。