巢湖不同富营养化区域甲烷排放通量与途径

为了更好的认识不同富营养化区域甲烷（CH₄）排放通量及途径的时空异质性,本文以我国典型富营养化浅水湖泊-巢湖为研究对象,设置西北湖湾、西湖心和中湖心3个研究点位,采用漂浮通量箱和经验模型分析等方法对其水-气界面CH₄排放通量与途径进行季节性研究.结果表明水体与沉积物中CH₄溶存浓度、水-气界面CH₄排放通量同水体营养盐水平及叶绿素a含量的空间变化相一致,且均表现为西北湖湾最高,其水体CH₄溶存浓度为（0.178 ±0.002）~（1.123 ±0.026）μmol/L、表层沉积物中CH₄含量为（70.5 ±30.7）~（189 ±97.0）μmol/L、CH₄总排放通量为（50.1 ±2.93）~（1232 ±28.6）μmol/（m²·h）;3个点位的CH₄扩散通量占总排放量的7.3%~42.9%,冒泡通量占57.1%~92.7%,富营养化程度最高的西北湖湾冒泡通量占比最高;CH₄排放通量大小与途径同时受季节变化影响,夏季CH₄冒泡与总排放通量均最高,其中冒泡对总通量的贡献高达98.1%.     

ESTIMATING AVERAGE MONTHLY LAKE EVAPORATION IN THE NORTHEAST UNITED STATES1

ABSTRACT: A methodology to estimate the average monthly lake evaporation, E(τ), (month τ=1,12) for fresh water bodies located in the northeast United States is presented. The approach combines analysis of at‐site, lake‐specific vertical water temperature profile data and a previously developed regional air temperature based model approximation of the widely accepted modified Penman energy budget estimate of mean monthly potential evaporation, E_p(τ) (mm/day). The paper presents procedures to develop site‐specific estimates of E_p(τ) and to convert water temperature data to average monthly conductive heat flux, G(τ). With monthly estimates of G(τ), the average monthly potential evaporation, E_p(τ), is then convertible to estimates of the average monthly lake evaporation, E(τ). This new method permits a good estimate of site‐specific lake evaporation rates without the data and computational requirements of the Penman energy budget procedure nor the comparatively expensive, time consuming field eddy correlation approach.     

金坛市饮用水源地保护方案研究

:钱资荡是金坛市目前直接饮用水源地 ,根据环境环境监测结果 ,已处于中营养化后期。本文借鉴国内外先进的湖泊管理的成功经验 ,运用系统工程的思想和方法提出了切实可行的金坛市饮用水源地保护方案。该方案由 4个工程子系统组成 ,(1)截污工程 :在岸丘桥和南州桥位置各筑一节制闸 (而岸丘桥工程又是首选工程 ) ,以封住湖泊两头入流 ,杜绝污染物进入水源地的截污工程 ;(2 )引水工程 :是截污工程的配套工程 ,利用下游长荡湖来补充水量 ,并对 3个引水工程设想进行了系统分析 ,推荐涵管方案 ,同时将长荡湖作为该市战略水源地一并纳入保护体系中 ;(3)湿地生态处理工程 :对进入荡区前的芦苇区进行综合整治 ,发展以芦苇为主的湿地生态处理工程 ;(4 )环湖绿色自然保护带工程 :包括建设围湖芦苇荡、环湖林带、绿色食品基地以及污泥处置。最后还提出了三级水域保护区范围、水域行政管理体系建设以及工程方案分步实施计划     

城市浅水湖泊治理技术初探

随着生态文明建设的发展,城市浅水湖泊在城市环境中的角色日益重要,环境治理需求日益迫切.针对城市浅水湖泊的污染特征进行了概括总结,并对污染来源进行了分析.根据污染特征及因素针对性提出了“外源性污染、内源性污染控制阶段-水体水质改善与生态系统恢复阶段-长效管理阶段”三个阶段的治理思路,并就各阶段常用的治理技术进行了简单介绍,作为城市浅水湖泊治理工作的参考.     

淮阳龙湖湿地保护及其资源开发的问题和对策研究

湿地被喻为“地球之肾”,因其蕴藏着极其丰富的生物资源,同时又具有汇聚、平衡水分、分配二氧化碳的功能.为充分发挥龙湖湿地的资源优势和旅游潜力,实现区域经济和生态环境保护的双赢,通过实地抽样调查、数据归类分析等方法,初步探讨了龙湖湿地的资源优势和面临的生态环境问题.建议从调控城市湿地生态系统与周边陆域生态系统的耦合关系入手,运用强化湿地管理、加大科技投入、提高群众保护意识等手段,构建一个和谐的生态环境.     

Distribution of bacterial communities across plateau freshwater lake and upslope soils

Microorganisms are involved in a variety of biogeochemical processes in natural environments. The differences between bacterial communities in freshwaters and upslope soils remain unclear. The present study investigated the bacterial distribution in a plateau freshwater lake, Erhai Lake (southwestern China), and its upslope soils. Illumina MiSeq sequencing illustrated high bacterial diversity in lake sediments and soils. Sediment and soil bacterial communities were mainly composed of Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. However, a distinctive difference in bacterial community structure was found between soil and sediment ecosystems. Water content, nitrogen and pH affected the distribution of the bacterial community across Erhai Lake and its upslope soils. Moreover, the soil bacterial community might also be shaped by plant types. This work could provide some new insights into plateau aquatic and terrestrial microbial ecology.     

Liver histological changes and lipid peroxidation in the amphibian Ambystoma mexicanum induced by sediment elutriates from the Lake Xochimilco

Lacustrine sediments accumulate pollutants that input from the lake watershed and can be released to the water column by sediment resuspension; thus, pollutants can change their bioavailability and exert adverse effects to aquatic biota. Shallow-urban lakes are particularly susceptible to receive pollutants from urban discharges and sediment resuspension. Lake Xochimilco, in Mexico City, an urban-shallow lake, faces multiple problems: urban sprawl, overexploitation of aquifers, drying of springs, discharge of wastewater from treatment plants, and sediment resuspension. The aquatic biota living in this ecosystem is continuously exposed to the release of pollutants from the sediments. We assessed the risk that pollutants released from sediments from Lake Xochimilco, Touristic (TZ) and Agriculture zone (AZ), can exert on a native amphibian species of the lake (Ambystoma mexicanum) through exposure bioassays to sediment elutriates. We evaluate alterations in the amphibian by three approaches: biochemical (level of lipid peroxidation, LPO), cellular (ultrastructure) and the liver histology of A. mexicanum and we compare them with a batch control. Additionally, we assessed heavy metals (Pb, Cd and Hg) in elutriates. Elutriates from TZ showed the highest concentrations of the metals assessed. Organisms exposed to sediment elutriates from either study sites showed higher LPO values than control organisms (p < 0.05). Organisms exposed to elutriates from the TZ showed the most conspicuous damages: hepatic vasodilation of sinusoids, capillaries with erythrocytes, leukocyte infiltration and cytoplasmic vacuolation in hepatocytes. The biological responses assessed reflected the risk that faces A. mexicanum when is exposed for prolonged periods to sediment resuspension in Lake Xochimilco.     

基于直觉模糊距离法的堰塞湖减灾方案选优

针对堰塞湖减灾群决策信息的不确定性与模糊性,为解决不完全信息条件下属性指标及专家之间存在的相互关联群决策问题,综合运用直觉模糊集理论、海明距离原理和熵权理论,将直觉模糊距离群决策方法运用到堰塞湖减灾决策过程中。工程实例研究表明,运用直觉模糊距离法决策出的最优方案具有较高的区分度和敏感性,增强了决策的客观性、科学性,能为堰塞湖减灾决策提供更为可靠的依据,具有较强的实用价值。     

板桥河小流域降雨事件中地表水磷浓度的变化特征

为定量揭示降雨对地表水中磷浓度和形态的影响,于2020年6—8月对巢湖入湖河流南淝河的支流板桥河进行了人工加密监测.共监测了4场降雨,采集了409个河道水样并测定了总磷（TP）、溶解态总磷（DTP）、颗粒态磷（PP）、溶解性反应活性磷（DRP）等指标,分析了降雨事件中磷浓度和形态的时空变化规律,以及降雨特征参数和土地利用方式对磷浓度的影响.分析结果显示：降雨过程中各形态磷的浓度均会显著上升,表明河道中磷的浓度变化与降雨过程密切相关.降雨结束12 h后,各形态磷的浓度会恢复到降雨前的水平.在空间上,河道流经城镇区后磷的浓度会显著高于流经农业区.此外,在无降雨时段和降雨频繁的时段,河道中各点位的磷主要以溶解态为主,只有在前期干燥天数较长的情况下,颗粒态磷的比例才会显著上升.监测结果表明,在汛期要结合降雨特征参数和城镇区、农村区不同的污染特征来进行精细化管理,将河道中溶解态磷的去除纳入到管控方案中,同时要重视河道两岸城镇区的面源污染削减.     

古洪水研究途径及其在减灾中的作用

本文根据史料记载特点,提出了古洪水鉴别原则,并就历史洪水序列的检验、洪水发生频率的划分、洪水演变趋势的定量刻划等问题进行了讨论。