淀山湖沉积物碳-氮垂直分布特征

近年来,经过一系列污染治理措施,淀山湖的营养水平持续下降,但每年仍有不同程度的蓝藻水华暴发,严重影响其作为水源地的安全性。为了进一步探讨淀山湖水质改善策略,本研究对淀山湖沉积物营养状况进行了调查研究,分析了淀山湖沉积物碳、氮分布特征及垂直变化规律,并用沉积物肥力评价了淀山湖沉积物营养程度。结果表明,淀山湖沉积物营养盐存在明显的富集作用,二十多年来沉积物碳、氮含量大幅上升,表层沉积物均属于重污染状态。空间分布上,沉积物营养盐北部高,南部低,北部样点大部分属于重污染状态,南部样点基本属于中污染状态。垂直分布上,受航道回淤与北部围网养殖影响,部分样点营养盐垂直分布规律不显著,其他样点均表现出随深度增加营养盐显著降低的趋势。除出水口D1样点外,淀山湖有机质与TN表现出显著的同源相关性,表明有机质是淀山湖内源负荷的主要来源。     

抚仙湖流域城镇污染分析及控制策略

对抚仙湖流域城镇生活污染、城镇径流污染及污水处理设施等进行了全面调查与分析,并提出了相应的污染控制策略。     

滇池外海沉水植物生态环境调查与分布特点分析

设立8个调查区对滇池外海湖滨水生植物现状和分布特点进行了调查,结合历史资料对比,分析了环境改变对自然湖滨带水生植物演替变化的影响。     

Beyond hypoxia：Occurrence and characteristics of black blooms due to the decomposition of the submerged plant Potamogeton crispus in a shallow lake

Organic matter-induced black blooms(hypoxia and an offensive odor) are a serious ecosystem disasters that have occurred in some large eutrophic shallow lakes in China. In this study, we investigated two separate black blooms that were induced by Potamogeton crispus in Lake Taihu, China. The main physical and chemical characteristics, including color- and odor-related substances, of the black blooms were analyzed. The black blooms were characterized by low dissolved oxygen concentration(close to 0 mg/L), low oxidation-reduction potential, and relatively low pH of overlying water. Notably higher Fe2+and∑S2-were found in the black-bloom waters than in waters not affected by black blooms. The black color of the water may be attributable to the high concentration of these elements, as black FeS was considered to be the main substance causing the black color of blooms in freshwater lakes. Volatile organic sulfur compounds, including dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, were very abundant in the black-bloom waters. The massive anoxic degradation of dead Potamogeton crispus plants released dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide, which were the main odor-causing compounds in the black blooms. The black blooms also induced an increase in ammonium nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus levels in the overlying waters. This extreme phenomenon not only heavily influenced the original lake ecosystem but also greatly changed the cycling of Fe, S, and nutrients in the water column.     

Nitrogen mass balance in a constructed wetland treating piggery wastewater effluent

The nitrogen changes and the nitrogen mass balance in a free water surface flow constructed wetland （CW） using the four-year monitoring data from 2008 to 2012 were estimated. The CW was composed of six cells in series that include the first settling basin （Cell 1）, aeration pond （Cell 2）, deep marsh （Cell 3）, shallow marsh （Cell 4）, deep marsh （Cell 5） and final settling basin （Cell 6）. Analysis revealed that the NH4＋-N concentration decreased because of ammonification which was then followed by nitrification. The NO4＋-N and NO4＋-N were also further reduced by means of microbial activities and plant uptake during photosynthesis. The average nitrogen concentration at the influent was 37,819 kg/year and approximately 45% of that amount exited the CW in the effluent. The denitrification amounted to 34% of the net nitrogen input, whereas the accretion of sediment was only 7%. The biomass uptake of plants was able to retain only 1% of total nitrogen load. In order to improve the nutrient removal by plant uptake, plant coverage in four cells （i.e., Cells 1, 3, 4 and 5） could be increased.     

探讨适用于河流沉积物重金属污染程度的评价方法

本文使用地累积指数法和潜在生态危害指数法两种方法对同一区域五条河流的沉积物中重金属的测定结果进行了评价和比较,提出了将河流沉积物中重金属的监测纳入我国地表水常规监测的意见和建议.     

西藏普莫雍错湖芯沉积物中重金属的垂向分布特征及生态风险评估

2008年7月采集了青藏高原南部普莫雍错的湖芯沉积物样品,利用微波消解和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)分析了样品中Cr、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb、Mn和Fe的含量,其平均浓度分别为26.4μg·g-1、6.64μg·g-1、16.2μg·g-1、26.2μg·g-1、50.2μg·g-1、0.363μg·g-1、16.8μg·g-1、0.302 mg·g-1和9.84 mg·g-1,略高于南极沉积物,但低于人类影响较大的云南滇池、内蒙古岱海、北美五大湖和太湖相应浓度,处于较低浓度水平.重金属垂向浓度分布波动较小,表层浓度较高.主成分分析和聚类分析结果表明,有机质和Mn受地表径流陆源碎屑输入影响较大,而其他重金属主要受天然成岩风化及大气沉降影响.采用沉积物质量基准法和潜在生态风险指数法进行生态风险评估,结果表明普莫雍错沉积物中重金属的生态风险水平较低.     

陈家大院泡湖泊湿地植物多样性研究

研究陈家大院泡湖泊湿地植物多样性规律对于改善大庆市萨尔图区的生态环境,了解物种群落丰富度具有重要意义.通过野外样地调查,分析了陈家大院泡湖泊湿地植物群落组成,并计算了植物群落多样性特征指数,包括Margalef指数,Simpson指数,Shannon-wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数,结果表明,研究区湖泊湿地共有38种植物,分别隶属于18科34属,除榆树为木本植物外,有36种草本植物以及1种藓类植物.经数据处理后得出,每个样方平均含有3个物种,植株个体数目平均为115,Margalef指数平均值为0.567,Simpson指数平均值为0.814,Shannon-wiener指数平均值为0.313,Pielou均匀度指数平均值为0.267.由此看出,陈家大院泡湖泊湿地植物多样性水平较低,植物群落组成较为单一,生态环境脆弱.     

南岔湖夏季浮游植物初报

对2013年夏季南岔湖的浮游植物进行了初步研究,共鉴定初浮游植物6门,8纲,13目,24科,43属,共94个分类单位。其中优势种6种。南岔湖水体属于中污染。     

农田排水沟渠水体-底泥中溶质氮分布特征试验研究

沟渠系统"过程拦截"是现阶段农业非点源污染控制和管理的重要手段.针对当前农田排水沟渠水体-底泥-植物系统内各介质间非点源溶质迁移转化机制不清的现状,本研究以天然沟渠为对象,以非点源溶质氮为例,通过2014年3月~2015年2月现场监测试验,分析了农田排水沟渠水体及底泥中非点源溶质氮的分布特征.结果表明,沿沟渠纵向,试验沟渠水体中总氮质量浓度、底泥中总氮含量均呈现一定程度递减趋势,表现出沟渠系统对非点源溶质的净化作用;水体中总氮质量浓度、底泥中总氮含量在沟渠横断面分布存在较大不均匀性,其分布特征与断面形态、流量变化过程、流速分布等因素有关,其中水体中总氮质量浓度均衡度为76.89%,底泥中总氮含量均衡度为57.04%;试验期内,水体中总氮质量浓度呈"凹"形变化、底泥中总氮含量呈"凸"形变化,二者表现出相逆的变化趋势.