Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.     

沉积物中有机氯农药超声提取分析方法研究

应用超声提取沉积物中的有机氯农药(OCPs),GC-ECD进行定量分析. 研究了不同提取溶剂、提取时间、提取次数以及不同极性的毛细管色谱柱对沉积物中11种OCPs(六氯苯,α-HCH,γ-HCH,七氯,艾氏剂,δ-HCH,β-HCH,p,p′-DDE,o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT)提取效率的影响,确定了沉积物中OCPs超声提取的最优条件:用正己烷/二氯甲烷(体积比为1∶1)作提取溶剂,提取60 min,提取1次,采用DB-1701毛细管色谱柱,GC-ECD定量测定可以得到较好的效果,提取效率均高于70%,满足美国环境保护局(USEPA)的要求. 利用最优条件分析了辽东湾沉积物中的OCPs含量. 结果表明,辽东湾沉积物中六氯苯,α-HCH,γ-HCH,七氯,δ-HCH,β-HCH,p,p′-DDE,o,p′-DDT,p,p′-DDD和p,p′-DDT均被检出;DDTs类以p,p′-DDT含量最高,且以DDE为主要的降解产物;HCHs以δ-HCH含量最高. 与其他湖泊河流沉积物相比,辽东湾HCHs,DDTs及六氯苯含量相对较高.      

香港海域表层沉积物重金属空间分析

利用多元统计方法和空间内插值方法分析香港海域表层沉积物重金属的空间分布特征, 为优化香港沉积物重金属监测网络和控制香港地区重金属污染提供支持. 结果表明:①香港海域表层沉积物采样点在D_link/D_max<0.36处明显分为3类, 大致可分别代表轻度、中度、重度污染3种类型;②后退式判别分析具有良好的指标降维能力, 仅需6个显著性重金属指标(Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, Fe和V)即可反映整个区域重金属空间分布差异性, 且具有84.50%的正确判别率;③基于GIS的反距离权重法(IDW)得到的显著性重金属指标的空间连续分布显示,V和Fe为B组采样点区域的特征元素, Zn, Pb, Cu和Cd在易受人类活动影响地区富集;④显著性指标富集因子的区域多项式内插模拟(LPI)显示,人类活动对Zn, Pb, Cu和Cd分布的强烈影响, 形成以长洲(SS7)、维多利亚湾、吐露港和后海湾为热点逐渐扩散的分布模式.      

Decomposition and phosphorus release from four di erent size fractions of Microcystis spp. taken from Lake Taihu, China

Decomposition of Microcystis is accompanied by the release of phosphorus, during bacteria play an important role. A series of experiments were undertaken to evaluate the e ect of bacteria on the decomposition of Microcystis taken from Lake Taihu, China, a lake that is su ering from dense Microcystis blooms. The 16 experiments involved four size fractions of colonial Microcystis with or without the addition of lake sediment and Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The highest decomposition rates were recorded for the smallest size Microcystis fraction (< 25 m) with the addition of the sediment. The lowest decomposition rates were recorded for the smallest Microcystis fraction without the sediment, but with the addition of Gram-negative bacterial inhibitor NaN3. The higher decomposition rates in the treatments with NaN3 and sediment suggest that Gram-positive bacteria in the sediment are important for the decomposition process. Additionally, higher concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) in the treatments with NaN3 suggest that more phosphorus accumulates in the Gram-negative bacterial cells around the colony, which may be an important source of phosphorus for Microcystis cells. In the no-sediment treatments, the ratios of TDP concentration to initial TP concentration were 64%–82%. The results of this experiment suggest that both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria play an important role in the decomposition of Microcystis cells and the release of phosphorus from Microcystis colonies.     

物化-生化组合工艺处理化纤厂浆粕综合废水

根据化纤厂浆粕综合废水的水质特点 ,选择采用中和曝气 水解酸化 生物接触氧化 絮凝沉降处理工艺。实验结果表明 :当浆粕综合废水进水CODCr浓度 310 0～ 34 6 0mg/L ,BOD5浓度 10 2 0～ 142 0mg/L范围内时 ,处理后水质可达到《污水综合排放标准》GB8978 96中化纤浆粕工业二级排放标准。     

小东江底泥中挥发酚的垂向分布研究

将沿小东江流域布点采集到的底泥样,根据其理化性质,从上到下分为A(0～10cm)、B(10～20cm)、C(20～35cm)、D(35～65cm)层,分析发现:挥发酚含量B>A>C>D层;A～D层挥发酚含量最高点分别对应的是细砂土、面砂土、砂粘土和面砂土.      

湖泊污染底泥疏浚工程技术——滇池草海底泥疏挖及处置

论述了环保疏浚工程的特点,工程方案的主要内容,设备选型,底泥处置,以及干化等。笔者以滇池草海污染底泥疏挖及处置工程为实例介绍了湖泊污染底泥疏浚工程技术。      

西湖底泥不同供氧条件下有机质降解及CO2与CH4释放速率的模拟研究

采用密闭培养实验装置于室温（２５℃左右）及ｐＨ为７５条件下，对西湖底泥中有机质完全降解及转化为ＣＯ２和ＣＨ４的速率进行了模拟研究．结果表明，在西湖湖水现有供氧水平（５０—８６ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ）条件下，底泥中有机质完全降解的速率最为缓慢，培养期间（４２天）平均只有０７２ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·ｄ）．当湖水供氧水平进一步上升（８６→１２０→１６０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＯ２释放速率增加，最大值可达到８７ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）；当湖水供氧水平下降（８６→０ｍｇ（Ｏ２）／Ｌ），ＣＨ４释放速率加快，最大值可达到４６ｍｇ（Ｃ）／（ｋｇ·周）．     

河流沉积物重金属污染质量控制基准的研究 Ⅰ.C-B-T质量三合一方法(Triad)

在综合数据库ＣＥＲＰ－ＤＢＭＳ支持下，利用水体沉积物质量三合一工具，初步建立江西乐安江表层沉积物中重金属污染的质量控制基准。通过将化学分析、毒性鉴定２和底栖群落结构变化三基元集成为一体的三轴图和相应的响应信息判断矩阵，基于现场生物响应的重金属污染的剂量－响应关系。     

渤海莱州湾沉积物-水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量

为了解不同条件下沉积物中有机物对水体无机氮的贡献,采用野外采样和现场培养法,在１９９７－０５和１９９７－０７莱州湾２个航次进行了沉积物－水界面营养盐扩散通量的实验研究,ＮＯ－３和ＮＨ＋４的扩散通量分别为０．０３８—３．６５ｍｍｏｌ／（ｍ２·ｄ）和０．９６—２．５２ｍｍｏｌ／（ｍ２·ｄ）．培养结果说明充氮或充空气与加氯化汞或不加氯化汞对沉积物－水界面溶解无机氮的扩散通量没有明显影响．莱州湾底部营养盐的扩散通量与其它地区比较处于中等偏上水平．