全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3333篇 |
免费 | 144篇 |
国内免费 | 421篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 38篇 |
废物处理 | 5篇 |
环保管理 | 706篇 |
综合类 | 1640篇 |
基础理论 | 534篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 64篇 |
评价与监测 | 106篇 |
社会与环境 | 729篇 |
灾害及防治 | 74篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 32篇 |
2023年 | 51篇 |
2022年 | 102篇 |
2021年 | 96篇 |
2020年 | 111篇 |
2019年 | 101篇 |
2018年 | 112篇 |
2017年 | 172篇 |
2016年 | 162篇 |
2015年 | 140篇 |
2014年 | 102篇 |
2013年 | 196篇 |
2012年 | 198篇 |
2011年 | 227篇 |
2010年 | 193篇 |
2009年 | 132篇 |
2008年 | 161篇 |
2007年 | 234篇 |
2006年 | 220篇 |
2005年 | 159篇 |
2004年 | 151篇 |
2003年 | 144篇 |
2002年 | 100篇 |
2001年 | 83篇 |
2000年 | 74篇 |
1999年 | 88篇 |
1998年 | 51篇 |
1997年 | 33篇 |
1996年 | 54篇 |
1995年 | 23篇 |
1994年 | 27篇 |
1993年 | 30篇 |
1992年 | 20篇 |
1991年 | 23篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 9篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 7篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1975年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有3898条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
211.
John Houlahan W. Andrew. Marcus Adel Shirmohammadi 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(3):553-567
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the results of an investigation of the effects of the Maryland Critical Area Act on generation of non-point source loads of phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment to the Rhode River estuary. The Simple Method model, the Marcus and Kearney regression model, and the CREAMS model were used to estimate annual loads under: (1) present conditions, (2) maximum land use development allowable under the Act, and (3) two sets of future land use conditions that might occur if the Act were not in place. Results indicate that the Critical Area Act can reduce the present generation of nonpoint nutrient and sediment loadings 20–30 percent from the regulated area. These reductions can occur while preserving agricultural lands and allowing limited residential and urban development. The decrease in nutrient loadings is primarily dependent upon implementation and enforcement of agricultural best management practices (BMPs). The BMPs could reduce present agricultural nutrient loadings by 90 percent to a level comparable to loadings from residential areas. The estimated effectiveness of the Critical Area Act is even greater when compared to potential future nutrient loadings if development in the area remains unregulated. Unrestricted residential and urban development could increase nutrient loadings by 200 percent to 1000 percent as compared to controlled development under Critical Area Act guidelines. The Critical Area Act primarily prevents these future increases by severely limiting woodland cutting, with lesser results obtained by requiring urban BMPs. 相似文献
212.
Brian M. Reich 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1971,7(6):1153-1171
A study is presented of the months in which the instantaneous annual maximum discharges from 66 watersheds occurred. The 2,052 flood values were measured on areas ranging from 2.4 through 214 square miles. The longest record was 60 years; the three shortest were 20. Pictorial results show both the number of floods for each month and individual discharges relative to the mean flood. A parameter which is weighted in this manner accounts for both the incidence and the magnitude of floods. Peculiarities of flood-timing charts, based on this parameter, are discussed with respect to watershed size, soils, geology, and land use. After anomolous watersheds had been assigned to special categories, flood-timing charts from most records exhibit a regional dichotomy dividing eastern from western Pennsylvania. 相似文献
213.
214.
Graham A. Tobin Thomas G. Newton 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1986,22(1):67-71
ABSTRACT: By integrating literature from flood hazard research and urban economics a theoretical structure is developed to explain changes in residential land values following flood events. The negative aspects of the flood hazard are shown to be capitalized in the value of the property. It is further suggested that land values (i.e., capitalization) will vary both spatially across the floodplain and temporally depending on the frequency, severity and spatial characteristics of the flood event. Previous work in this area has not addressed the capitalization process explicitly and has not specifically examined the ability of the land market to recover. This may account for the contradictory findings in the published literature. 相似文献
215.
西北干旱区生态环境特征及开发利用建议 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
中国西北干旱区是我国进行西部大开发的重要区域之一,占据全国1/4的面积,资源相对丰富,是我国经济发展的后劲所在。然而,西北干旱区气候干旱、生态环境脆弱,人地关系较为复杂,矛盾突出,许多生态环境问题不得不给予足够的重视。本文从生态环境赖以形成的地质历史出发,分析了西北干旱区生态环境的特点及现存的若干问题,并提出了相应的建议。 相似文献
216.
Graham A. Tobin Burrell E. Montz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1994,30(4):673-685
ABSTRACT: Literature on the flood hazard/residential land market relationship is full of contradictory findings, many of which are counter-intuitive to the belief that flooding has a negative impact on house prices. This research advances a conceptual framework through which these relationships might be re-examined. Based on the expected utility model, the theoretical framework integrates the economic notion of capitalization with spatial and temporal characteristics of the flood hazard. Four communities with different flood regimes are used to test the effect of flooding on the residential real estate market. Results show that, (1) there is an identifiable relationship between characteristics of the flood hazard and changes in house values; (2) the length of the recovery period is dependent on characteristics and expectations of flooding, attributes of the real estate market, and availability of capital to fuel recovery; and (3) dynamics of the urban market and spatial extent of the flood hazard influence these relationships. Further research is now necessary to examine these findings under different spatial, temporal, hydrological, and socio-economic conditions. 相似文献
217.
ABSTRACT: Geographic Information Systems (GIS) were used to assess the relationships between land use patterns and the physical habitat and macroinvertebrate fauna of streams within similar sized watersheds. Eleven second or third order watersheds ranging from highly urbanized to heavily forested were selected along Lake Superior's North Shore. Land use patterns within the watersheds were quantified using readily available digital land use/land cover information, with a minimum mapping resolution of 16 ha. Physical habitat features, describing substrate characteristics and stream morphology, were characterized at sample points within each stream. Principle component and correlation analyses were used to identify relationships between macroinvertebrates and stream physical habitat, and between habitat and land use patterns. Substrate characteristics and presence of coarse woody debris were found to have the strongest correlations with macreinvertebrate assemblage richness and composition. Agricultural and urban land use was correlated with substrate characteristics. Algal abundance, associated with macroinvertebrate compositional differences, was correlated with housing density and non-forest land covers. The use of readily available spatial data, even at this relatively coarse scale, provides a means to detect the primary relationships between land use and stream habitat quality; finer-resolution GIS databases are needed to assess more subtle influences, such as those due to riparian conditions. 相似文献
218.
本文在论述土地使用权出让和土地利用总体规划内涵的基础上,研究了两者作用和反作用的关系,提出了两者最终目标一致性的观点,并探讨了实践上相关的问题。 相似文献
219.
Shiping Liu Steven T Yen Dana W. Kolpin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1996,32(4):845-853
ABSTRACT: Atrazine and atrazine-residue (atrazine + two metabolites - deethylatrazine and deisopropylatrazine) concentrations were examined to determine if consideration of these atrazine metabolites substantially adds to our understanding of the distribution of this pesticide in groundwater of the midcontinental United States. The mean of atrazine.residue concentrations was 53 percent greater than that of atrazine alone for those observations above the detection limit (> 0.05 μg/l). Furthermore, a censored regression analysis using atrazine-residue concentrations revealed significant factors not identified when only atrazine concentrations were used. Thus, knowledge of concentrations of these atrazine metabolites is required to obtain a true estimation of risk of using these aquifers as sources for drinking water, and such knowledge also provides information that ultimately may be important for future management policies designed to reduce atrazine concentrations in ground water. 相似文献
220.
Summary The balance of evidence suggests a perceptible human influence on global ecosystems. Human activities are affecting the global
ecosystem, some directly and some indirectly. If researchers could clarify the extent to which specific human activities affect
global ecosystems, they would be in a much better position to suggest strategies for mitigating against the worst disturbances.
Sophisticated statistical analysis can help in interpreting the influence of specific human activities on global ecosystems
more carefully. This study aims at identifying significant or influential human activities (i.e. factors) on CO2 emissions using statistical analyses. The study was conducted for two cases: (i) developed countries and (ii) developing
countries. In developed countries, this study identified three influential human activities for CO2 emissions: (i) combustion of fossil fuels, (ii) population pressure on natural and terrestrial ecosystems, and (iii) land
use change. In developing countries, the significant human activities causing an upsurge of CO2 emissions are: (i) combustion of fossil fuels, (ii) terrestrial ecosystem strength and (iii) land use change. Among these
factors, combustion of fossil fuels is the most influential human activity for CO2 emissions both in developed and developing countries. Regression analysis based on the factor scores indicated that combustion
of fossil fuels has significant positive influence on CO2 emissions in both developed and developing countries. Terrestrial ecosystem strength has a significant negative influence
on CO2 emissions. Land use change and CO2 emissions are positively related, although regression analysis showed that the influence of land use change on CO2 emissions was still insignificant. It is anticipated, from the findings of this study, that CO2 emissions can be reduced by reducing fossil-fuel consumption and switching to alternative energy sources, preserving exiting
forests, planting trees on abandoned and degraded forest lands, or by planting trees by social/agroforestry on agricultural
lands. 相似文献