Geoengineering and sustainability

ABSTRACT

Geoengineering is regarded by advocates as a creative and responsible technological option in the face of a climate emergency. Critics often see it as a hubristic attempt to play God, with disastrous consequences for the planet and humanity. These antipodal perspectives are represented by the ideal types of Prometheans and Gaians. Prometheans and Gaians typically talk past each other. The geoengineering debate can be made more fruitful by well articulating their respective positions and subsequently situating them in the discourse of sustainability. A sustainability orientation does not answer the troubling question whether geoengineering should be developed and deployed. But it can foster a ‘fusion of horizons’ between Prometheans and Gaians, providing common ground in an otherwise polarized debate and making a more productive dialogue possible.     

Is renewable energy still green? Shaping Australia’s renewable energy enterprise in an age of ecological modernisation

ABSTRACT

Renewable energy (RE) illustrates well the logic of ecological modernisation (EM). This logic has successfully transformed RE from a fringe idea owned by largely environmental actors to a mainstream one embraced by a broader constituency. This mainstream embrace inevitably (re)shapes the renewables enterprise. Not all renewables actors today are driven by environmental goals. Instead, key actors, particularly in corporate or community domains, nurture competing norms and aspirations. How the renewables project is envisaged and the goals it is directed to serve can thus differ considerably. Understanding these differences is important since transformations in the energy domain will not only impact climate protection but shape social futures in significant ways. The analysis proceeds in two interrelated steps: first, empirically – conducting an exploration of some of the main projects and actors in the contemporary Australian RE space; and second, theoretically – considering these empirical developments through an EM lens.     

Prospects for a multi-stakeholder dialogue on climate engineering

ABSTRACT

Lessons from the literature on multi-stakeholder dialogue (MSD) that are relevant to the debate on climate engineering (CE) are examined. MSDs have been used to prod slow-to-develop intergovernmental regulatory processes on a range of transnational and global controversies. A CEMSD might push forward anticipatory governance of CE by promoting social learning, sharpening and legitimizing governance norms, and starting to arrange the political space for governance by states. However, significant challenges and risks are also identified, including questions about the ripeness of the issue for stakeholder dialogue; difficult trade-offs in the design of dialogues, particularly around issues of participation and knowledge-power; and inherent tensions in the various purposes a CEMSD might serve. Given these challenges, steps forward that would better prepare a space for legitimate and effective dialogue are recommended.     

利用底栖动物研究京杭运河徐州段的水质变化

通过分析京杭运河徐州段4个断面底栖动物的种类、密度，及生物多样性指数的变化来研究京杭运河徐州段水质的变化趋势。     

侧联式球磨机的噪声控制

介绍了侧联式球磨机噪声产生原理及其噪声控制方法,选择了制作局部式隔声罩的噪声控制设计和装置结构.在中国铝业中州分公司热电厂球磨机上应用,取得了很好的隔声效果.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺研究进展

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的来源和特点，结合近些年的工程实际和实验研究，主要综述了垃圾渗滤液的处理方案和技术，包括回灌法、土地处理法、物化法、生物法以及其他处理方法，在比较这些方法的基础上提出了一些建议。     

Elman神经网络在抽水地面沉降预测中的应用

将Elman神经网络应用于南京奥体中心地铁站抽水试验初期对地面沉降的预测，提出了一种预测模型。该模型采用对已知数据样本进行分段的方法，把分段后的数据作为网络输入和期望输出训练网络，从而达到动态建模的目的。从预测结果来看，该模型误差较小，基本上能够反映2002—07—21当天地面沉降的真实情况，具有一定的可靠性和实用性，因此，该模型可作为后期由于基坑开挖和防渗排水所引起地面沉降的分析工具。     

有关中国东南沿海土地资源调查研究的几点思考

我国东南沿海土地资源可分为五大类、四大区.过去,中国东南沿海土地利用与调查存在的问题有:耕地面积锐减,土地资源利用程度有待提高,土地质量退化(水土流失、滨海土壤盐渍化,水稻土潜育化及次生潜育化,土地污染严重等),土地资源调查结果有待更新.新一轮国土资源综合调查(1:25万)的内容有:成土因素,土地利用类型、土地覆盖现状与发展态势,土地适宜性,土壤化学等;专项调查(1:5万)的内容有:盐渍土,侵蚀土(水土流失),土壤环境质量,农业土壤地质等.重点研究内容应为:水土保持措施与土地灾害的防治;盐土改良、滩涂综合治理、开发模式及其应用;矿集区土壤生态环境负效应及其恢复整治对策;沿海平原和三角洲地区岩土水生系统物质能量循环机理及其生理生态效应;土地利用类型时空分布、演化监(预)测系统等.最后,作者还对土地资源调查的方案作了初步的论述.     

全球和东亚地区CH4浓度时空分布特征分析

利用最新的AIRS卫星观测资料分析了2002年12月~2016年11月全球和东亚地区（70°~140°E,10°~55°N）CH₄浓度的时空变化分布特征.研究发现,2003~2016年,全球CH₄年平均浓度从1774.2×10^-9增加到1789.1×10^-9,年增长率约为1.1×10^-9/a;东亚地区CH₄年平均浓度从1811.5×10^-9增加到1841.0×10^-9,年增长率约为2.0×10^-9/a.在美国西南部、南美洲南部、澳大利亚东南部、中国青藏高原和东北地区等地上空,CH₄浓度增幅比较明显,而在北美洲的东北部上空,CH₄浓度出现负增长.北美洲东北部和俄罗斯东部等地上空CH₄浓度的变化与温度变化呈正相关;如在冬季,该地区温度与周围地区相比更低,同时CH₄浓度更低.本文利用近10a的卫星数据获得了CH₄浓度的垂直廓线,显示不同纬度带CH₄浓度均随着高度的升高逐渐减小,且高纬度地区CH₄浓度减小的最快.近年来,在低纬度地区对流层中低层CH₄浓度变化较为明显.在对流层低层（850hPa）,北半球CH₄浓度随着纬度增加逐渐变大;在南半球则随着纬度增加先减小后变大.而在平流层内,CH₄浓度在赤道处最大,且随着纬度的升高逐渐减小.此外,CH₄的浓度分布存在明显的季节变化：在北半球,大部分地区夏季CH₄浓度高于冬季（约20×10^-9~40×10^-9）,但在撒哈拉沙漠和中国新疆塔里木盆地等地区上空,冬季CH₄浓度高于夏季（约40×10^-9~60×10^?9）.在冬季,中国四川西部上空的CH₄浓度要比青藏高原上空高（约100×10^-9~120×10^-9）.     

周边土地利用类型对川西平原西河氮素的影响

以四川盆地西部典型农业小流域为研究区,于2015年3月~2016年2月持续监测河流氮素（NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N、TN）和pH,结合遥感解译、地理信息系统和相关性分析等技术,探讨了监测断面周边流域土地利用类型与河流氮素及pH值的关系.结果表明,研究区河流氮素浓度的季节变化均表现为冬季最高（2.063mg/L）、春秋次之（1.536mg/L;1.432mg/L）、夏季最低（1.085mg/L）,同时月均NO₃^--N浓度（0.891mg/L）显著高于NH₄⁺-N（0.425mg/L）（P<0.01）,且NO₃^--N受到典型土地利用类型的显著影响.随着缓冲区半径的增加,耕地、城乡建设用地和水域的面积与NO₃^--N和TN浓度相关性逐渐降低,且在250m缓冲区内,城乡建设用地面积与NO₃^--N浓度呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;交通运输用地面积与所有氮组分的相关性均增大,且在750m缓冲区内,交通运输用地面积与NO₃^--N和TN浓度呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）.城乡建设用地和交通运输用地可能是河流NO₃^--N的"源".