Ecological networks and greenways in Europe: reasoning and concepts

The paper gives an overview of approaches towards ecological networks throughout Europe.It does not intend to present a complete picture,but to highlight comon developments within countries and regions and show common principles and differences between countries and regions that have to be taken into account when developing a joint European intiative,Countries or regions that have not been included can be active in the same way ,but information was not accessible to be authors for different reasons.This overview shows the comparable trends in decline of landscapes and the diversity in approaches to biodiversity conservation and nature conservation planning.Understanding the differences and common issues are of utmost imprtance to generalise common principles and to understand the way neighbours and other European partners approach problems.     

The influence of source and timing of nitrogen fertilizers on yield and nitrogen use efficiency of four sweet potato cultivars

Nitrogen (N) availability is a very important determinant of crop yield. It is also one of the most expensive inputs in crop production. Thus, the efficient management of N by farmers with limited resource is a very important part of successful soil and crop management system. A field study was conducted on a Norfolk sandy loam soil at the George Washington Carver Agricultural Experiment Station, Tuskegee, AL, to evaluate the influence of fertilizer source and timing on the yield of four sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] cultivars. Two N sources (urea, CO(NH₂)₂ and ammonium nitrate, NH₄NO₃), four sweet potato cultivars (‘Georgia Jet’, GA-Jet; ‘TU-82-155’, TU-155; ‘TU-1892’; and ‘Rojo Blanco’, Rojo-Bl) and three times (zero, single, and split applications) were used in a factorial designed experiment. Plants were harvested after 80 and 120 days and total and marketable yields determined. Nitrogen recovery efficiency, yield efficiency and physiological efficiency were also determined. Total and marketable yields of early maturing cultivars were significantly higher than of late maturing cultivars (P<0.05). The single application of N resulted in significantly higher yield in storage roots than split application (P<0.05). Physiological efficiency values were highly correlated with total marketable yields. Recovery rates increased with time. Late maturing cultivars tended to have higher N recovery and physiological efficiency than early maturing cultivars. These results suggest that cultivar maturity group should play an important part in N fertilization recommendations for sweet potato.     

新疆农用地变化的环境效应

土地生态环境问题一直都是专家、学者研究的热点话题,土地利用的生态环境效应更是人们日益关注的问题,以新疆1996-2004年农用地详查数据为依据,在分析研究土地利用的变化特点的基础上,阐述了农用地变化产生的环境效应.尽管农用地数量在整体上是增加的,但是土地沙化、退化,水土流失、生物多样性减少等一系列生态环境恶化现象仍在继续.因此,新疆农用地要在水资源的承载范围内适度增加.目前,新疆农用地变化给整体环境带来负面的效应,仅使局部生态环境改善,整体环境变坏.因此,新疆在土地利用中,要以此为鉴,加强生态环境建设,注重各种功能用地的结合.     

土地荒漠化的成因、危害及防治对策

土地荒漠化是指在干旱、半干旱和某些半湿润、湿润地区,由于气候变化和人类活动等各种因素所造成的土地退化,它使土地生物和经济生产潜力减少,甚至基本丧失.我国是全球荒漠化面积较大、分布较广、危害较严重的国家之一.近年来由于采取了一系列有效的治理措施,荒漠化和沙化整体扩展的趋势已得到初步遏制,但形势依然严峻.     

农用土地价格评估——以新疆库尔勒市为例

根据农用土地的具体特征选择适当的方法和评估中具体的操作是本文探讨的重点。解决不同利用方式下农用土地收益差异的综合平衡计算是关键。结合库尔勒市农用土地分等定级的具体实践，建立一套较为完整的农用土地价格评估体系，为今后开展的工作提供范例。     

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究

陡坡地灌桑垄槽栽培研究结果,免除土壤侵蚀的危害,其５０ｃｍ、１００ｃｍ土壤中,比对照区持水量高１０.２０％～３３.６７％、８.２７％～６５.３７％,含全氮率为对照的９０％,含全磷率高２.９％、２６.２％,含全钾率高３.１８％、８.０１％,而水解氮均为对照的６１.５％,速效磷高较对照３９.０２％、９７.７２％,速效钾为对照的９１.４８％、９２.５４％。公顷产桑叶量和蚕茧量均较对照高５～１０倍,经济效益较对照高１１.８８倍。     

青藏高原土地开发潜力与对策

青藏高原土地辽阔 ,地势高寒 ,农林牧各类土地资源的质量与数量很不平衡 ,开发潜力不一。提高现有耕地的单产水平 ;加强草场建设 ,提高畜产商品率 ;禁伐和保护天然林,积极发展经济果木与林下资源的生产 ,乃是高原土地合理开发 ,农业持续发展的重要对策     

SR系统工艺设计的几个必备要素：石屏县城市污水土地处理工程例析

在ＳＲ污水土地处理系统工艺设计中，处理场地的环境特征、限制性设计参数、作物选型及预处理方式的选择等决定了该系统运动的成败，应合理分析各必备要素以指导设计中参数的选择，达到污水处理与资源化的有机结合。     

浅析中国生态农业建设的基本原则及对策

生态农业建设是一个渐进的过程，相关环境政策要体现可持续发展原则。本文提出了中国生态农业建设应遵循的原则及重点领域，并提出了一些对策及建议。     

人工神经网络模型和公路复垦土地适宜性评价

提出了人工神经网络用于公路临时用地复垦土地适宜性评价，利用该模型对京大高速公路山西段复垦山西段复垦土地进行了适宜性评价，探讨了人工神经网络在土地复垦适宜性评价时的特点和注意问题。