浅谈非正规垃圾填埋场的治理

以广东省某镇级非正规垃圾填埋场整治为例,介绍非正规垃圾填埋场治理技术及主要工程措施,为今后类似项目提供借鉴。     

垃圾填埋场营造人工植被的研究

采用３种不同栽培方式,受试木本植物１６种、草本植物９种,在垃圾填埋场进行营造人工植被的试验。结果表明,填埋场甲烷气是影响植物成活的主要因素。在填埋１－２年的废弃地上,栽培短周期生长植物全部成活,获得了预期效果。在埋龄１年的垃圾废弃地上不易种植长周期生长的木本植物,在埋龄２年的废弃地上,仍需采取覆盖６０ｃｍ土层阻断沼气等措施才能生长。筛选出抗性较好的植物枸杞、苦楝、紫穗槐、刺槐、白蜡树、女贞、苜蓿、     

GIS与固体有害废物安全填埋场选址

固体有害废物安全填埋场的选址是一个涉及多因素多层次的复杂系统。如何利用GIS技术对场址基本条件作多因素、多层次的分析是提高选址效率与精度的关键。本义介绍了GIS的基本功能,并探讨了其在固体有害废物安全填埋场选址中的应用途径。在层次分析基础上建立的地理信息综合评判系统为填埋场选址奠定了基础。      

Tropical arboreal ant mosaics: innate attraction and imprinting determine nest site selection in dominant ants

The modalities of nest site selection have, until now, been a key factor missing in the understanding of the arboreal ant mosaic, the manipulation of which could be used to favour one ant species to the detriment of others in biological control. We compared two dominant African arboreal ants of economic importance, Tetramorium aculeatum (Myrmicinae) and Oecophylla longinoda (Formicinae). The two species differed in terms of innate attraction to nesting site plants, their hierarchies of attractiveness being nearly inverse. Winged females and workers were confronted with choice tests using four plant species. By using winged females and workers originating from one of the plants to be tested, we showed the existence of a familiarisation process which can supersede innate attraction in both species. We recorded the same effect in neonatal workers bred in the laboratory in contact with a tested plant for 25 days after emergence, while mature workers could not be conditioned. There is, therefore, early learning, with a sensitive period after which the influence of the environment ceases, suggesting that this is a true imprinting process. Choice tests using neonates produced from larvae and pupae bred in the laboratory in contact with the leaves of each tested plant permitted us to demonstrate the existence of pre-imaginal learning. Nest site selection therefore depends on innate selective attraction and on environmental factors whose effect begins at the larval stage. There is, therefore, the potential to “control” imprinting, allowing one ant species to be favoured to the detriment of others in monospecific tree crop plantations. Received: 25 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 9 October 1998     

粤东龙眼立地土壤养分限制因子系统调查

用“土壤养分状况系统研究法”对粤东８ 片龙眼园土壤进行大、中、微量营养元素含量测定、土壤吸附试验及盆栽诊断试验。结果表明,全部供试土壤均缺 Ｎ 和 Ｐ,８８ ％ 土壤缺 Ｋ 和 Ｍｇ ,７５ ％ 土壤缺 Ｃａ 和 Ｓ,６３ ％ 土壤缺 Ｃｕ ,５０ ％ 土壤缺 Ｂ。在缺素土壤中若不配施这些元素,指示作物（ 高粱） 的干物产量分别下降 Ｎ ６０ ．３ ％ , Ｐ６５ ．３ ％ , Ｋ ２９ ．５ ％ , Ｃａ ４６ ．２ ％ , Ｍｇ ３３ ．５ ％ , Ｃｕ １９ ．３ ％ , Ｓ１７ ．９ ％ , Ｂ１５ ．５ ％ 。综合各营养元素的施肥效应及缺乏的普遍性显示,粤东龙眼立地土壤养分限制因子排序为： Ｎ ＞ Ｐ＞ Ｍｇ ＞ Ｋ ＞ Ｃａ ＞ Ｃｕ ＞ Ｓ＞ Ｂ;碱性紫色土则富 Ｃａ 。     

新疆核试验场周围居民区食品中钚的放射性水平

本文对新疆核试验场周围9个地区和3个对照区近23种主要食品中的钚含量进行了分折测定。结果表明,调查区和对照区同类食品中钚含量无显著性差异,由食入钚所致调查区和对照区居民的有效待积剂量当量分别为7.65μSV和7.22μSV,此附加剂量不会对人体健康产生不良影响。在相对应的耕作土壤中钚向植物的转移系数在0.2%～5%之间,转移系数是叶菜类>根茎类>果实类。由积分沉积密度和该地区居民膳食中钚的摄入量估箅出P₂₃值,调查区为0.70B_q/m2,对照区为0.72B_q/m2,这一数值与UNSCEAR 1982年报告书给出的P₂₃值基本相符。      

垃圾填埋场渗沥水污染及控制研究

通过现场调查和模拟试验的方法,对武汉市郭茨口垃圾填埋场氧化塘和垃圾填埋渗沥水的特性进行了调研,查明了渗沥水的污染特性、降解规律,及氧化塘的运行状况和塘内渗沥水的污染负荷、分布特点.并对武汉市土壤和民用煤灰对渗沥水的吸附和防渗能力进行了初步研究。     

Improved utilization of active sites for phosphorus adsorption in FeOOH/anion exchanger nanocomposites via a glycol-solvothermal synthesis strategy

Metal oxide/hydroxide-based nanocomposite adsorbents with porous supporting matrices have been recognized as efficient adsorbents for phosphorus recovery. Aiming at satisfying increasingly restrictive environmental requirements involving improving metal site utilization and lowering metal leakage risk, a glycol-solvothermal confined-space synthesis strategy was proposed for the fabrication of Fe OOH/anion exchanger nanocomposites（Fe/900s）with enhanced metal site utilization and reduced metal lea...     

垃圾填埋处理中微量金属元素迁移和转变特性分析

城市生活垃圾中含有多种微量金属元素,并且在填埋处理过程中会产生重金属的二次污染,是城市垃圾填埋处理中最难解决的问题。本文对垃圾中微量金属的来源、微量金属在填埋过程中的迁移和转变特性等方面进行了研究。研究认为,微量金属在填埋处理过程中除受本身特性的影响,还与垃圾的产地和组成有关。     

我国填埋场改造及发展方向的探讨

对我国部分生活垃圾填埋场和室内填埋设施的填埋气组分进行了现场测试和分析,结果表明,厌氧填埋场的CH₄含量高,半好氧填埋场CH₄含量很低。并针对我国填埋场的现状提出了如果打算利用填埋气进行发电,填埋构造可以作成厌氧填埋,否则,填埋场应以安全性为 主,应建造成半好氧结构。