Sustainable Tourism Development Management of Local Cultural Landscapes

Abstract

Nowa days, ecological and cultural tourism, especially those ancient villages and towns in China, have attracted an increasing number of tourists because of their unique cultural features. However, rapid development of tourism brings economic benefits, but results in a series of problems that threaten further tourism development and protection of ancient towns, such as over-commercialization and tourism urbanization. Taking Longmen ancient town as an example, this paper presented a sustainable way of preserving and developing resources of ancient villages and towns. First, identify cultural features and the extent of ancient villages and towns, and find the approach through which a cultural landscape zoning can be applied. Second, define a cooperative function area to release the pressure on core areas and protect their authentic cultures by extending tourism space. Third, balance tourism development with traditional industries to enhance the sustainability of community economies.     

Integrating ecosystem services evaluation and landscape pattern analysis into urban planning based on scenario prediction and regression model

ABSTRACT

Urban planning has become a widely concern for minimizing the negative effects of urban expansion on terrestrial ecosystems. We developed an interdisciplinary modeling framework to evaluate the effectiveness and shortcomings of urban expansion management strategies. A three-step method was applied to Yinchuan Plain in the northwestern of China, including (1) analyzing the relationship between landscape pattern and ecosystem service values through mathematical statistics; (2) predicting landscape pattern and ecosystem services change under different scenarios based on cellular automaton model (SLEUTH-3r model); and (3) designing and validating optimized scenario through integrating historical analysis experiments and future multi-comparison suggestions. Results have suggested that landscape composition and configuration can significantly affect regional ecosystem service values, especially the connectivity and shape of landscape. Compact urban growth policy and medium environment protection policy are the appropriate setting for urban expansion plan. Optimization validation of the combined designed scenario implied the reliability of this method. Our results highlighted the significance of integrating application of landscape pattern analysis, ecosystem service value evaluation, model simulation and multi-scenario prediction in urban planning.     

“5·12”地震前后都江堰市地表覆盖状况变化分析

本文以应用遥感技术,对“5·12”地震都江堰区域地表覆盖状况进行分析评价。选取都江堰市基于2007年的LandsatTM影像和2010年HJ-1卫星CCD影像,通过面向对象和目视解译相结合的方法,提取了草地、河流、旱地、水田、建设用地等9类生态类型环境覆盖信息。结果表明：“5·12”汶川地震对地表生态环境的变化较大,北...     

An innovative computer design for modeling forest landscape change in very large spatial extents with fine resolutions

Although forest landscape models (FLMs) have benefited greatly from ongoing advances of computer technology and software engineering, computing capacity remains a bottleneck in the design and development of FLMs. Computer memory overhead and run time efficiency are primary limiting factors when applying forest landscape models to simulate large landscapes with fine spatial resolutions and great vegetation detail. We introduce LANDIS PRO 6.0, a landscape model that simulates forest succession and disturbances on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. LANDIS PRO 6.0 improves on existing forest landscape models with two new data structures and algorithms (hash table and run-length compression). The innovative computer design enables LANDIS PRO 6.0 to simulate very large (>10⁸ ha) landscapes with a 30-m spatial resolution, which to our knowledge no other raster forest landscape models can do. We demonstrate model behavior and performance through application to five nested forest landscapes with varying sizes (from 1 million to 100 million 0.09-ha cells) in the southern Missouri Ozarks. The simulation results showed significant and variable effects of changing spatial extent on simulated forest succession patterns. Results highlighted the utility of a model like LANDIS PRO 6.0 that is capable of efficiently simulating large landscapes and scaling up forest landscape processes to a common regional scale of analysis. The programming methodology presented here may significantly advance the development of next generation of forest landscape models.     

Factors Affecting Stream Nutrient Loads: A Synthesis of Regional SPARROW Model Results for the Continental United States1

Preston, Stephen D., Richard B. Alexander, Gregory E. Schwarz, and Charles G. Crawford, 2011. Factors Affecting Stream Nutrient Loads: A Synthesis of Regional SPARROW Model Results for the Continental United States. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(5):891‐915. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00577.x Abstract: We compared the results of 12 recently calibrated regional SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes) models covering most of the continental United States to evaluate the consistency and regional differences in factors affecting stream nutrient loads. The models – 6 for total nitrogen and 6 for total phosphorus – all provide similar levels of prediction accuracy, but those for major river basins in the eastern half of the country were somewhat more accurate. The models simulate long‐term mean annual stream nutrient loads as a function of a wide range of known sources and climatic (precipitation, temperature), landscape (e.g., soils, geology), and aquatic factors affecting nutrient fate and transport. The results confirm the dominant effects of urban and agricultural sources on stream nutrient loads nationally and regionally, but reveal considerable spatial variability in the specific types of sources that control water quality. These include regional differences in the relative importance of different types of urban (municipal and industrial point vs. diffuse urban runoff) and agriculture (crop cultivation vs. animal waste) sources, as well as the effects of atmospheric deposition, mining, and background (e.g., soil phosphorus) sources on stream nutrients. Overall, we found that the SPARROW model results provide a consistent set of information for identifying the major sources and environmental factors affecting nutrient fate and transport in United States watersheds at regional and subregional scales.     

旅游公路景观协调性评价指标权重模型研究

为评价旅游公路景观协调性,通过对影响旅游公路景观协调性因素的分析,采用目标分解法初选评价指标,确定公路景观与交通安全、景观与视觉、景观与生态环境协调性3个目标层。在此基础上采用德尔菲法建立景观协调性评价指标体系;将景观协调性指标权重分为价值量权重和信息量权重2部分,在序关系分析法基础上充分利用指标值信息,综合主、客观赋权法,建立旅游公路景观协调性评价指标组合权重模型。结果表明:该模型可客观有效地确定各评价指标的权重。     

长株潭城市群核心区土地利用生态风险评价

随着长株潭城市群的快速发展,人类活动导致的土地利用结构及方式改变对生态环境构成了巨大压力。运用G IS和景观生态学方法的土地利用生态风险评价,以长株潭城市群核心区为研究区域,选择湘江岸线为典型样带,建立了基于源与汇景观功能的土地利用生态风险评价指标体系,并构建了评价模型,对生态风险进行了空间分析和综合评价。结果表明,长沙市建成区的土地利用生态风险指数整体最高,株洲和湘潭居次。其中,从城市群建成区向外,风险指数逐渐降低,长沙、株洲、湘潭三市交界处生态风险指数也较低。根据研究区域生态风险状况、变化和分布特征,提出了相应的风险调控策略和管理方法,为实现区域土地利用与生态、社会、经济的可持续发展提供决策依据。     

京津冀地区生境质量与景观格局演变及关联性

以京津冀地区为研究区,基于InVEST生态评估模型、Fragstats景观格局指数测算平台,运用网格分析法,评估了2000~2018年京津冀地区生境质量与景观格局演变;利用空间自相关理论,分析了二者空间关联性及其时序演变特征.结果表明：京津冀地区生境质量整体呈现出“东南低、西北高”的空间分布特征;2000~2018年京津冀北部以及沿海地区生境质量大面积提升;北京-天津都市圈及其南部存在大面积生境质量衰退.京津冀山区景观格局较稳定,东南部城市群景观格局指数值变化显著,景观趋于破碎化.生境质量与景观格局特征二者具备空间关联性,但相关关系逐渐减弱,以东南部生境质量低值区集聚效应减弱最为明显.研究结果有助于揭示生境质量与景观格局的空间关联性规律,可为我国乃至世界其他类似地区生态保护与景观规划提供科学支持.     

基于声生态学的城市景观设计策略探讨

声景观研究以其新奇和意想不到为城市景观研究设计带来新的切入点和手法。简要介绍了声生态学中声景的概念和发展;讨论和分析城市景观规划中引入声景观的必要性和可能性;探讨在景观生态学指导下的景观、声景观策略。     

一株反硝化细菌在景观水净化处理中的应用

运用本实验室保藏的一株高活性反硝化细菌,对武汉东湖抹布塘富营养化景观污水进行净化处理。投加反硝化细菌4个月后,与试验前相比,水体无臭味,水质清澈,溶解氧升高了3.4mg/L～3.6mg/L,透明度提高了0.39m～0.44m,高锰酸盐指数下降了63.75%～66.89%,TN降低了34.80%～38.20%。研究结果表明,利用该反硝化细菌可以实现富营养化景观水的生物脱氮,有效改善水质。