服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划--以南京市为例

分析了城市旅游形象与城市景观之间的关系,即城市旅游形象的塑造离不开城市景观的规划建设,城市景观的优化有助于提高城市旅游形象;提出服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划理念和原则。规划理念为体现城市旅游形象,显现城市三脉,提供城市旅游活动空间,创造城市旅游生态环境;规划原则以理念形象为核心,人地协调性、主题性与市场性相结合,特色性与风格统一性相结合。并对服务于城市旅游形象的景观规划结构要素和组成要素进行了研究,结构要素分为城市景观整体结构、特色城市景观带（区）和城市景观视觉识别系统;组成要素可分为硬质景观要素和软质景观要素。最后以南京市为例进行案例研究。     

基于安全度与运营格局的油库选址优先级评价方法研究

从安全性和运营角度对油库选址的影响因素及评价指标分析对油库的安全稳定及有效运营具有重要的意义。该文选取与安全和运营有关的人口企业数量、安全管理能力、消防设施规划、地形地质条件、铁路公路数量、市场投资收益、政策支持情况等影响因子进行重要性及合理程度分析,综合运用安全度与运营格局影响因素多元耦合关系,构建了油库区安全与运营评价体系,改进了原有的模糊层次法评价模型,并对某油库区安全度与运营格局进行了评估验证。结果表明:利用改进模糊层次法能够较好地评价不同地址的优先级,评价模型具有一定应用性,能够对不同地址的特点及评价权重进行有效分析,可见油库选址优先级评价方法是实用且有效的。该研究方法及结果可以为油库区地址的优选提供一定参考与建议。     

Energy-Based Land Use Predictors of Proximal Factors and Benthic Diatom Composition in Florida Freshwater Marshes

The Landscape Development Intensity index (LDI), which is based on non-renewable energy use and integrates diverse land use activities, was compared to other measures of LU (e.g., %agriculture, %urban) to determine its ability for predicting benthic diatom composition in freshwater marshes of peninsular Florida. In this study, 70 small, isolated herbaceous marshes located along a human disturbance gradient (generally agricultural) throughout peninsular Florida were sampled for benthic diatoms and soil and water physical/chemical parameters (i.e., TP, TKN, pH, specific conductance, etc.). Landscape measures of percent agriculture, percent urban, percent natural, and LDI index values were calculated for a 100 m buffer around each site. The strongest relationships using Mantel's r statistic, which ranges from −1 to 1, were found between benthic diatom composition, the combined soil and water variables, and LDI scores (r=0.51, P<0.0001). Although similar, soil and water variables alone (r=0.45, P<0.0001) or with percent agriculture or percent natural were not as strongly correlated (both Mantel's r=0.46, P<0.0001). Little urban land use was found in the areas surrounding the study wetlands. Diatom data were clustered using flexible beta into 2 groups, and stepwise discriminant analysis identified specific conductance, followed by LDI score, soil pH, water total phosphorus, and ammonia, as cluster-separating variables. The LDI explained slightly more of the variation in species composition than either percent agriculture or percent natural, perhaps because the LDI can combine disparate land uses into a single quantitative value. However, the ecological significance of the difference between land use metrics and diatom composition is controvertible, and additional tests including more varied land uses appear warranted.     

The Influence of Linear Elements on Plant Species Diversity of Mediterranean Rural Landscapes: Assessment of Different Indices and Statistical Approaches

This paper mainly aims to study the linear element influence on the estimation of vascular plant species diversity in five Mediterranean landscapes modeled as land cover patch mosaics. These landscapes have several core habitats and a different set of linear elements -habitat edges or ecotones, roads or railways, rivers, streams and hedgerows on farm land- whose plant composition were examined. Secondly, it aims to check plant diversity estimation in Mediterranean landscapes using parametric and non-parametric procedures, with two indices: Species richness and Shannon index.Land cover types and landscape linear elements were identified from aerial photographs. Their spatial information was processed using GIS techniques. Field plots were selected using a stratified sampling design according to relieve and tree density of each habitat type. A 50×20 m² multi-scale sampling plot was designed for the core habitats and across the main landscape linear elements. Richness and diversity of plant species were estimated by comparing the observed field data to ICE (Incidence-based Coverage Estimator) and ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) non-parametric estimators.The species density, percentage of unique species, and alpha diversity per plot were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in linear elements than in core habitats. ICE estimate of number of species was 32% higher than of ACE estimate, which did not differ significantly from the observed values. Accumulated species richness in core habitats together with linear elements, were significantly higher than those recorded only in the core habitats in all the landscapes. Conversely, Shannon diversity index did not show significant differences.     

生态位理论及其在城市竞争研究中的作用——以中原城市群为例

城市生态位作为生态学重要理论之一,可用于分析城市群内部不同城市间竞争、演化等现象。以中原城市群9个省辖市为基本单元,运用生态位理论模型,进行多指标的综合加权和聚类分析,得出如下结论:(1)就中原城市群整体而言,城市生态位偏低且呈现明显的层次分异;(2)中原城市群城市生态位空间分异表现复杂。综合城市生态位、自然生态位及人口生态位空间分异并不明显,而经济生态位和社会生态位空间分异却十分显著,其中经济生态位最为显著;(3)中原城市群缺少4个子系统都具有优势特征的城市,只有郑州独具2项优势特征,但其自然生态位较低,自然生态位是郑州城市生态位的限制性因子。     

Assessing Impacts of Typhoons and the Chi-Chi Earthquake on Chenyulan Watershed Landscape Pattern in Central Taiwan Using Landscape Metrics

The Chi-Chi earthquake (M_L = 7.3) occurred in the central part of Taiwan on September 21, 1999. After the earthquake, typhoons Xangsane and Toraji produced heavy rainfall that fell across the eastern and central parts of Taiwan on November 2000 and July 2001. This study uses remote sensing data, landscape metrics, multivariate statistical analysis, and spatial autocorrelation to assess how earthquake and typhoons affect landscape patterns. It addresses variations of the Chenyulan watershed in Nantou County, near the earthquake’s epicenter and crossed by Typhoon Toraji. The subsequent disturbances have gradually changed landscape of the Chenyulan watershed. Disturbances of various types, sizes, and intensities, following various tracks, have various effects on the landscape patterns and variations of the Chenyulan watershed. The landscape metrics that are obtained by multivariate statistical analyses showed that the disturbances produced variously fragmented patches, interspersed with other patches and isolated from patches of the same type across the entire Chenyulan watershed. The disturbances also affected the isolation, size, and shape-complexity of patches at the landscape and class levels. The disturbances at the class level more strongly affected spatial variations in the landscape as well as patterns of grasslands and bare land, than variations in the watershed farmland and forest. Moreover, the earthquake with high magnitude was a starter to create these landscape variations in space in the Chenyulan watershed. The cumulative impacts of the disturbances on the watershed landscape pattern had existed, especially landslides and grassland in the study area, but were not always evident in space and time in landscape and other class levels.     

高职院校试行"综合导师制"的教育教学实践研究

结合学院迎接人才培养工作水平评估和学院“迎评促建”工作的要求,凸现高职教育“以就业为导向”的办学要求,在环境工程系推行了“综合导师制”。意在充分发挥专业老师在教书育人、专业辅导、大学生人生规划和就业素质提高上的优势,积极构建环境工程系全员育人、全程育人、全方位育人的工作格局,建立一种师生互动的新型教育教学关系。     

基于GIS的乌梁素海水体富营养化状况的模糊模式识别

利用基于MATLAB 7.0实现的模糊模式识别交叉迭代模型对2006年5—10月分布于乌梁素海各水体功能区的21个水质监测点的富营养化等级进行了模糊模式识别,并在GIS技术支持下,用Arcview的空间分析功能绘制富营养化等级识别结果、对富营养化状态影响权重最大的评价指标总氮(TN)含量和富营养化状态控制元素总磷(TP)含量对应的富营养化等级水体和地表水质等级水体的空间分布月变化Grid专题图.将富营养化状态变化及其分布区域与乌梁素海同期水质监测指标浓度变化及其分布区域进行对比分析及验证.结果表明,富营养化等级识别结果的时空分布与实际情况相符,能够比较准确地反映富营养化等级定量的时空变化趋势.      

北方农牧交错带土地利用及景观格局变化特征

基于1988,1995和2000年3期Landsat TM数据,采用遥感,GIS和景观生态学方法,运用土地利用转移矩阵、景观格局分析软件Fragstats3.3,对北方农牧交错带土地利用及景观格局变化进行了动态研究.结果表明:①减少的耕地主要转为草地,增加的耕地也主要源于开垦草地;②耕地转为草地的空间分布较均匀,草地转为耕地的区域差异明显;③1988—1995年和1995—2000年2个时段参加变化的土地数量差异显著;④增加的沙地主要源于草地退化;⑤景观异质性上升,结构趋向均衡化,稳定性增强,受人类干扰程度在加大.      

染料浓度和盐度对白腐真菌同工酶的电泳分析

应用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术分析,并比较了染料废水的两大因子(染料浓度和盐度)对黄孢原毛平革菌过氧化物同工酶谱带的影响程度,结果表明:在染料或盐胁迫下,黄孢原毛平革菌均表现出应急产酶的响应,虽然过氧化物同工酶谱带数量未发生增加或减少,但谱带强度受到较大影响,活性艳红X-3B浓度≤200mg/L或NaCl浓度≤15g/L时均能诱导过量产酶,继续提高染料浓度或盐度将导致产酶抑制,染料浓度对酶带的影响作用高于盐度。