氢氧化镁处理含镉废水的研究

以氢氧化镁作为吸附剂处理含镉酸性废水。结果表明，氢氧化镁对Cd^2 的吸附为化学吸附，去除率一般可达98％以上。氢氧化镁回收后，经轻烧处理变成氧化镁，仍可以处理含镉废水，且可多次使用。     

吸附-微滤法对印染废水脱色的研究

采用氢氧化镁吸附与陶瓷膜微滤相结合进行活性染料废水脱色处理 .对预处理条件、微滤操作条件以及膜的化学清洗进行了研究 .结果表明 ,采用氢氧化镁吸附预处理的陶瓷膜微滤技术 ,对含活性染料的印染废水 ,具有脱色率高、操作简单的优点 .在合适的条件下 ,脱色率可达 98%以上 ,1 0 μm膜的通量在1 5 0L·m- 2 ·h- 1左右 ;采用 0 5mol·l- 1稀硝酸在一定条件下清洗 30min可使膜得到有效再生 .     

外源镧对土壤微生物碳源利用的影响

用14 C标记葡萄糖法研究了外源镧对土壤微生物碳源利用的影响。结果表明 :外源镧在低浓度下可增强土壤微生物利用碳源进行呼吸作用 ,而高浓度下则产生显著抑制作用 ,最大抑制率为 3 3 %。土壤微生物呼吸产生的14 CO2 主要是培养初期释放的 ,培养 14d后14 CO2 释放已非常少。外源镧可增强土壤微生物利用碳源合成自身的生物量 ,最大增幅为 2 5 %。     

污水化学除磷技术的现状和进展

综述了化学除磷的各种方法,原理,特点及其在使用过程中的不足之处。在此基础上,提出了一种新的化学除磷技术—固定化活性氧化镧的化学—吸附除磷技术。通过将其和一般的化学除磷技术进行对比,介绍了该技术所具备的开发潜质。     

Remediation of Cu and As contaminated water and soil utilizing biochar supported layered double hydroxide: Mechanisms and soil environment altering

Preparing materials for simultaneous remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals contamination has always been the focus of research. Herein a biochar supported FeMnMg layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites (LB) for simultaneous remediation of copper and arsenic contamination in water and soil has been assembled by a facile co-precipitation approach. Both adsorption isotherm and kinetics studies of heavy metals removal by LB were applied to look into the adsorption performance of adsorbents in water. Moreover, the adsorption mechanisms of Cu and As by LB were investigated, showing that Cu in aqueous solution was removed by the isomorphic substitution, precipitation and electrostatic adsorption while As was removed by complexation. In addition, the availability of Cu and As in the soil incubation experiments was reduced by 35.54%–63.00% and 8.39%–29.04%, respectively by using LB. Meanwhile, the addition of LB increased the activities of urease and sucrase by 93.78%–374.35% and 84.35%–520.04%, respectively, of which 1% of the dosage was the best. A phenomenon was found that the richness and structure of microbial community became vigorous within 1% dosage of LB, which indirectly enhanced the passivation and stabilization of heavy metals. These results indicated that the soil environment was significantly improved by LB. This research demonstrates that LB would be an imaginably forceful material for the remediation of anionic and cationic heavy metals in contaminated water and soil.     

纳米氢氧化镁改性PVDF超滤膜的制备与表征

通过相转化法制备了纳米PVDF/Mg(OH)_2共混超滤膜,研究了负载Mg(OH)_2对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响。以牛血清蛋白(BSA)为模拟污染物进行超滤试验,测试膜的纯水通量和截留率;测定膜表面和水之间的接触角,进而定量分析比较膜表面的亲水性;利用微机电子控制万能试验机测试膜的机械性能;通过扫描电镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)等方法表征膜表面特征。结果表明,添加纳米Mg(OH)_2的改性膜保持了原有膜的晶型结构,证明纳米Mg(OH)_2与PVDF材料有很好的相容效果。当纳米Mg(OH)_2添加量为0.8%(质量分数)时,改性效果达到最优。此时,接触角从73.1°降至59.6°,纯水通量为333.37 L/(m~2·h),较未改性前提高了126.3%,膜的拉伸最大力为6.8 N,断裂伸长率为16.2%,较未改性膜的机械性能有明显提高,膜的抗污染性也显著提高。     

Town-scale microbial sewer community and H2S emissions response to common chemical and biological dosing treatments

Controlling hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) odors and emissions using a single, effective treatment across a town-scale sewer network is a challenge faced by many water utilities. Implementation of a sewer diversion provided the opportunity to compare the effectiveness of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) and two biological dosing compounds (Bioproducts A and B), with different modes of action (MOA), in a field-test across a large sewer network. Mg(OH)₂ increases sewer pH allowing suppression of H₂S release into the sewer environment while Bioproduct A acts to disrupt microbial communication through quorum sensing (QS), reducing biofilm integrity. Bioproduct B reduces H₂S odors by scouring the sewer of fats, oils and grease (FOGs), which provide adhesion points for the microbial biofilm. Results revealed that only Mg(OH)₂ altered the microbial community structure and reduced H₂S emissions in a live sewer system, whilst Bioproducts A and B did not reduce H₂S emissions or have an observable effect on the composition of the microbial community at the dosed site. Study results recommend in situ testing of dosing treatments before implementation across an operational system.     

高晶度Mn-Fe LDH催化剂活化过一硫酸盐降解偶氮染料RBK5

采用改进的共沉淀结合水热法制备高晶度锰铁层状双金属氢氧化物作为催化剂,用于高效活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解活性黑5(RBK5).通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料进行表征,证明成功合成了结晶度高、层状结构突出的Mn-Fe LDH.同时探究了锰铁量比,催化剂投加量,PMS浓度和初始pH值等因素对RBK5的吸附效果、催化降解及反应动力学的影响.结果表明,高晶度Mn-Fe LDH催化剂具有良好的吸附能力和高效的催化效率,在n(Mn)/n(Fe)比为1∶1,催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L~(-1),PMS浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1),初始pH为7时,RBK5(20 mg·L~(-1))在90 min内降解率可达86%,整个反应过程符合拟一级动力学(R~20.9).自由基猝灭实验表明,Mn-Fe LDH/PMS体系降解RBK5为SO~-_4·和·OH两种活性自由基共同作用的结果.反应前后催化剂的XPS分析表明Mn和Fe存在协同作用,Mn-Fe LDH的Mn(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)与层间的CO~(2-)_3电荷平衡,使其层状结构稳定,从而促进了层状表面Mn和Fe的协同作用,提高了Mn-Fe LDH对PMS的活化效率.三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)和UV-Vis扫描光谱分析初步探讨了RBK5的降解过程.     

Formation of CoAl layered double hydroxide on the boehmite surface and its role in tungstate sorption

Sorption of tungstate on boehmite(γ-Al OOH)is increased by co-sorption with Co~(2+)over the near-neutral p H range.Batch uptake experiments show up to a 3-fold increase in tungstate uptake over the range WO_4~(2-)=50–1000μmol/L compared to boehmite not treated with Co~(2+).Desorption experiments reveal a corresponding decrease in sorption reversibility for tungstate co-sorbed with Co~(2+).Reaction of boehmite with Co~(2+)results in the formation of Co Al layered double hydroxide(LDH),as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.Tungsten L_3-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure(XANES)reveals that W(VI)is octahedrally coordinated in all sorption samples,with polymeric tungstate species forming at higher tungstate concentrations.X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicate that the mechanism for enhancement of tungstate uptake is the formation of surface complexes on boehmite at low tungstate concentrations,while exchange into the Co Al LDH becomes important at higher tungstate concentrations.The results provide a basis for developing strategies to enhance tungstate sorption and to limit its environmental mobility at near-neutral pH conditions.     

羟基镧改性树脂的制备及其对氟离子的吸附

采用共沉淀法制备了羟基镧改性D101树脂复合吸附剂,利用扫描电子显微镜及能谱分析仪、红外光谱和比表面积分析仪对复合吸附剂的结构和形貌进行了分析,并对水溶液中氟离子(F~-)进行吸附研究,探讨了该复合吸附剂对F~-的吸附特性,并将其应用于实际含氟废水的处理。结果表明:在25℃、F~-初始质量浓度为10 mg/L、吸附剂量为0.4 g/L、溶液pH=5时,F~-吸附量最大,为24.45 mg/g;复合吸附剂对F~-的吸附动力学数据遵循拟二级动力学反应模型,整个吸附反应为多级控制过程;复合吸附剂对F~-的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温模型,在10℃、25℃和35℃下,吉布斯自由能(ΔGo)均小于0,焓变(ΔHo)大于0,熵变(ΔSo)大于0,表明该吸附反应为自发吸热熵增过程。采用羟基镧改性D101树脂复合吸附剂可以有效去除实际含氟废水中的氟化物,实现废水的达标排放。