粉煤灰水热法合成沸石及其对氨氮吸附性能的研究

以粉煤灰为原料,采用NaOH碱熔融制得粉煤灰熟料,由水热法合成沸石产品。通过单因素试验和正交试验考察搅拌陈化时间、水热晶化时间、液固比对合成沸石的氨氮吸附容量的影响。试验结果表明:搅拌陈化时间为12 h、水热晶化时间为6 h、液固比为10时,合成的产品主要为P型沸石,其氨氮吸附容量达最大为6.15 mg/g,并以此为理论基础讨论其运用于水处理工艺中的可能。     

改性斜发沸石处理高浓度氨氮废水

采用NaOH碱熔法对缙云斜发沸石进行处理,采用正交实验对碱熔法改性沸石的最佳条件进行了选择;并对改性前后的沸石进行粉末X射线衍射(XRD)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征;详细研究了所得改性沸石在氨氮废水处理中的净化性能.结果表明,处理沸石的水热温度对氨氮去除效果的影响最显著;碱熔法处理可使缙云斜发沸石转变为低硅铝比的Na-P型分子筛,它对氨氮废水的NH4+-N具有优异的吸附性能.当改性沸石投加量为5 g,对100 mL浓度为1000 mg.L-1氨氮溶液,氨氮去除率可达77.8%,改性沸石吸附NH4+-N是一快速吸附过程,且能较好地符合Langmuir吸附等温模式,偏向于单分子层的吸附.     

沸石及其改性材料硅炭素处理含铅废水

对沸石及其改性材料硅炭素(ANJ.SiC)处理含铅废水进行优化研究,结果表明,当废水中ρ(Pb)为10 mg/L,pH>4.62,吸附剂投加量为5 g/L,25 ℃处理30 min时,沸石及硅炭素对铅的去除率均可达到90%以上,且硅炭素的处理效果优于沸石.分别采用5种再生剂对饱和的沸石和硅炭素进行再生,NaOH再生效果最佳;经过5次再生,2种吸附剂的饱和容量呈现不同的衰减,硅炭素的再生效果较好,饱和容量从33.9 mg/L衰减到20.5 mg/L.通过扫描电镜(SEM)对沸石和硅炭素吸附前后的表面形貌进行观察发现,二者的除铅机理不尽相同,沸石主要是通过离子交换作用,使铅进入其结构内部;沸石经过改性,表面发生变化,硅炭素主要是通过材料表面与铅离子的反应达到除铅目的.      

活化沸石曝气生物滤池预处理微污染源水的研究

采用上流式活化沸石滤料曝气生物滤池(AZBAF)对杭州市某微污染地表源水进行生物预处理.结果表明,活化沸石的高效吸附作用可使AZBAF通过自然挂膜实现快速启动.在水力负荷1.2m/h,气水比为(3~1):1条件下,AZBAF对TOC和CODMn的去除率分别为40%~60%和10%~27%,尤其对小分子量(MW<1kDa)有机物具有良好的降解作用.同时系统对NH3-N的去除率保持在90%以上.污染物的去除主要发生在滤池30cm以下部分,这与其中微生物的数量和活性分布规律一致.暂时停运(5~10d和35d)对生物过滤影响较小,系统重启后可在6~8h和24h内基本恢复至原有处理水平.     

Enhanced nitrogen removal reliability and efficiency in integrated constructed wetland microcosms using zeolite

The purpose of this study is to reduce the seasonal fluctuation and enhance the efficiency of nitrogen removal in vertical flow-horizontal subsurface flow (VF-HSF) constructed wetlands. Two sets of VF-HSF constructed wetlands were built, VF1-HSF1 and VF2-HSF2, and a zeolite section was placed in VF2. The results showed that VF2-HSF2 compared to VF1-HSF1 was not only a more reliable nitrogen removal method, but also enhanced the nitrogen removal efficiency by 50%. The average apparent rate of nitrogen removal in VF2-HSF2 reached to 2.52 gN·m^-3·d^-1, which doubled the rate in VF1-HSF1. Plant uptake and organic nitrogen sediment accounted for 12% and 6% of the total nitrogen removal in VF1-HSF1, respectively, and 10% and 4% in VF2-HSF2, respectively. Biologic nitrogen removal was the dominant mechanism, which accounted for 79% and 87% of the total nitrogen removal in VF1-HSF1 and VF2-HSF2, respectively. Ammonia adsorbed by zeolite during the cold seasons was desorbed, and then nitrified in warm seasons, which resulted in a bioregeneration efficiency of 91%. Zeolite in VF was capable of transferring ammonia from cold seasons to warm seasons as well as enhancing nitrification, which was accompanied by high potential denitrification in HSF that reinforced the efficiency and relieved seasonal fluctuation of nitrogen removal in VF-HSF.     

Catalytic fast pyrolysis of Kraft lignin with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatic hydrocarbons

Catalytic fast pyrolysis (CFP) of Kraft lignins with HZSM-5 zeolite for producing aromatics was investigated using analytical pyrolysis methods. Two Kraft lignins were fast pyrolyzed in the absence and presence of HZSM-5 in a Curie-point pyrolyzer. Without the catalyst, fast pyrolysis of lignin predominantly produced phenols and guaiacols that were derived from the subunits of lignin. However, the presence of HZSM-5 changed the product distribution dramatically. As the SiO₂/Al₂O₃ ratio of HZSM-5 decreased from 200 to 25 and the catalyst-to-lignin ratio increased from 1 to 20, the lignin-derived oxygenates progressively decreased to trace and the aromatics increased substantially. The aromatic yield increased considerably as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 500°C to 650°C, but then decreased with yet further increase of pyrolysis temperature. Under optimal reaction conditions, the aromatic yields were 2.0 wt.% and 5.2 wt.% for the two lignins that had effective hydrogen indexes of 0.08 and 0.35.     

沸石强化A/O同步脱氮除磷工艺的生物-化学除磷研究

沸石强化了生物硝化作用,但回流的硝酸盐在A段抑制了聚磷菌释放磷,使生物脱氮工艺无除磷效果,需要化学除磷。铝盐和铁盐均具有很好的化学除磷效果,且与投加位置无关。当按磷与铝的摩尔比1∶1.5投加Al2(SO4)3·18H2O时,磷的去除率在85%以上;当按磷与铁的摩尔比1∶1投加FeSO4·7H2O时,磷的去除率在80%以上;当在A段投加20mgLFeSO4·7H2O和30mgLAl2(SO4)3·18H2O混合除磷剂能去除沸石强化AO生物脱氮工艺90%左右的磷,使磷达到出水排放标准。     

天然沸石对番茄及土壤中铅的影响

为探索沸石对轻度铅污染土壤的修复效果及农业安全生产可行性,利用盆栽试验研究了不同沸石添加量及不同沸石粒级等因素对不同生长时期番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）植株铅质量分数、累积量和土壤铅质量分数的影响。结果表明,添加天然沸石可提高土壤有效铅质量分数,不同程度地增加番茄地上部生物量,具有提高番茄茎叶铅质量分数及积累量、果实产量的趋势,也具有降低收获期根部铅质量分数及积累量的趋势。18g·kg-1是提高地上部生物量,抑制土壤铅污染、茎叶和根部铅积累的最佳沸石添加量,但有促进果实铅积累的趋势;沸石添加量为10g·kg-1则在提高土壤有效铅质量分数的同时可抑制果实铅的积累。中粒级沸石可抑制果实铅积累,大粒级为削减根部铅积累量促进茎叶铅积累的最佳沸石粒级,小粒级沸石则可抑制收获期茎叶铅的积累。     

壳聚糖改性沸石吸附废水中的苯酚

开发新型低成本苯酚吸附剂是含酚废水处理技术的重点.采用90%脱乙酰度壳聚糖制备改性沸石,在与天然沸石对比的基础上,研究了改性沸石去除废水中的效果.并对影响去除率的主要因素,包括壳聚糖与斜发沸石质量比、废水pH值,吸附时间,改性沸石用量,苯酚的质量浓度等进行研究.通过正交试验确定吸附废水中苯酚最佳工艺条件是:壳聚糖与沸石质量比为1∶20.沸石-壳聚糖颗粒吸附剂用量为12 g·L-1,废水中苯酚质量浓度不大于40mg·L-1,pH值为4～6,吸附平衡时间为35 min,苯酚去除率为90%;吸附适合用Langmuir吸附等温方程来模拟.     

沸石复合填料生物流化床在污水处理中的试验

新型沸石复合填料生物流化床的填料为悬浮填料与沸石的有机组合体,该填料表面粗糙比表面积为711～1185m²/m³,是悬浮填料的2～3倍,且在污水处理中,挂膜容易,生物相丰富,且不易脱落;该新型填料生物膜致密,沸石内部的孔穴中长有较多的原生物,有利于氨氮的转化.实验结果表明,当流化床深度处理生活污水处于稳定状态时,出水COD_Cr浓度为15.2～28.7mg/L,去除率为48%～84.5%;出水NH₄⁺-N浓度≤2mg/L,去除率92%～98%.处理后的生活污水达到发电厂循环冷却水水质指标.