Two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis of biomass for bio-oil production using microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst

A novel technology of two-step fast microwave-assisted pyrolysis(f MAP) of corn stover for bio-oil production was investigated in the presence of microwave absorbent(Si C) and HZSM-5catalyst. Effects of f MAP temperature and catalyst-to-biomass ratio on bio-oil yield and chemical components were examined. The results showed that this technology, employing microwave, microwave absorbent and HZSM-5 catalyst, was effective and promising for biomass fast pyrolysis. The f MAP temperature of 500°C was considered the optimum condition for maximum yield and best quality of bio-oil. Besides, the bio-oil yield decreased linearly and the chemical components in bio-oil were improved sequentially with the increase of catalyst-to-biomass ratio from 1:100 to 1:20. The elemental compositions of bio-char were also determined. Additionally, compared to one-step f MAP process, two-step f MAP could promote the bio-oil quality with a smaller catalyst-to-biomass ratio.     

稻壳沸石的合成及其对磷酸盐的吸附/脱附动力学

以稻壳为原料采用煅烧-水热合成法制备了合成沸石,运用XRD和SEM表征了合成沸石的特性,通过静态实验,研究了合成沸石对磷酸盐的吸附和脱附机理。结果表明:12 h后产物发现了Na P沸石的特征峰和亚晶结构,延长水热合成晶化的时间有利于沸石晶核的形成。沸石对磷酸盐的吸附机理符合伪二级模型,实测值与伪二级吸附动力学模型的拟合值相差在1.1%以内。颗粒内扩散速率是由膜扩散和内扩散共同控制,颗粒内扩散速率常数kp随初始浓度的增加而减小。升温有利于磷酸盐的脱附,MNa OH/P>8.0时(MNa OH/P为Na OH物质的量与吸附的磷酸盐物质的量之比),磷酸盐的脱附率可达82.9%。伪二级脱附动力学模型的拟合结果优于伪一级,拟合值与实测值相差在1.7%以内。     

改性Y沸石催化降解聚苯乙烯的研究

用热重分析方法研究了HY沸石与改性Y沸石(UHY)作为催化降解聚苯乙烯的催化剂对聚苯乙烯催化降解的作用及影响,对聚苯乙烯的催化降解与热降解反应产物进行了比较。结果表明,催化剂的存在能显著地降低聚苯乙烯的降解温度,催化剂的酸量和孔结构对聚苯乙烯的降解温度、活化能、积炭的生成量及裂解产物有很大的影响。     

聚烯烃类废塑料热分解技术中催化剂的选择和机理初探

研究使用不同催化剂情况下聚烯烃类废塑料热分解回收燃油的技术,并对废塑料的热分解机理进行了探讨．结果表明,自制的含大孔径分子筛的ＮＬＧ系列催化剂具有较好的催化性能,在裂解温度４３０℃,催化温度为３６０℃情况下,热分解后油产率为８７．５％,油品中汽油馏分达４１．３％,辛烷值为８８．３,每ｔ生产成本仅１２０００元左右,循环使用２０５余次后,仍保持良好的催化性能．     

沸石吸附焦化废水中氨氮的研究

利用沸石对氨氮的选择性吸附去除焦化废水中的氨氮,对不同粒度沸石、不同沸石投加量去除模拟废水和焦化废水进行了研究,结果表明,沸石对焦化废水中的氨氮有很强的选择吸附性;焦化废水中其它离子会降低沸石吸附氨氮的能力;粒度越细,沸石对焦化废水氨氮的去除速度越快;沸石吸附焦化废水等温线可用朗谬尔公式和费兰德利希公式来描述.     

Using a zeolite medium biofilter to remove organic pollutant and ammonia simultaneously

IntroductionWatershortageproblemisquiteseriousinmanycitiesofChina .Thereuseofmunicipalwastewaterisoneofthekeymethodstoreleasethisproblem .Makeupwaterforrecirculatingcoolingsystemisthelargestwaterusageinmanyfactories .Thewaterqualitystandardsforreclaimedwa…     

Preparation and performance of novel APP/NaY–Fe suppressant for coal dust explosion

Coal dust explosion occurs easily in the coal chemical industry. To ensure safety in industrial production, NaY zeolite was used as carrier modified with Fe ions and combined with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare a novel composite suppressant for coal dust explosion. The explosion suppression performance of novel APP/NaY–Fe suppressant was investigated by flame propagation inhibition experiments. The results show that Fe ion modification can effectively improve the explosion suppression performance. By increasing content, the explosion suppression performance of the explosion suppressant increases. The maximum explosion pressure P_max of coal dust drops to 0.13 MPa when 50 wt% explosion suppressants were added, and the coal dust explosion cannot continue to expand. Complete suppression of explosion could be achieved by adding 66 wt% explosion suppressants. Combined with XRD, SEM and TG results, the explosion suppression mechanism was proposed. The novel explosion suppressant has high thermal stability, good dispersity and its explosion suppression components distribute uniformly. It shows good explosion suppression performance by the synergistic effect among explosion-suppression components.     

反硝化细菌、硝酸钙和锆改性沸石联用对底泥中氮磷迁移转化的影响及硝态氮释放风险评估

本文考察了基于反硝化细菌、硝酸钙和锆改性沸石的组合技术（CN+DB+ZZ）对底泥中氮磷迁移转化的影响,并探讨了该技术的硝态氮释放风险.结果发现,单一的硝酸钙处理（CN）虽然可以有效地抑制底泥中磷的释放,但是会造成上覆水体的氨氮和硝态氮污染.硝酸钙和反硝化细菌联合处理（CN+DB）尽管可以有效地抑制底泥中磷的释放,并降低上覆水体的硝态氮二次污染风险,可是却无法有效地控制底泥中氨氮的释放.硝酸钙和锆改性沸石联合处理（CN+ZZ）虽然可以有效地抑制底泥中磷和氨氮向上覆水体的释放,但却会造成上覆水体硝态氮的二次污染.CN+DB+ZZ组合处理技术不仅可以有效地控制底泥中磷的释放,而且可有效降低底泥中氨氮的释放速率,并且与CN和CN+ZZ技术相比还可降低上覆水的硝态氮二次污染风险.CN+DB+ZZ组合技术对底泥中磷与铁同步释放的抑制、对底泥中氧化还原敏感态磷的削减、以及对底泥吸附磷酸盐和氨氮能力的增强,对于其控制底泥中磷和氨氮的释放是至关重要的.以上结果说明,CN+DB+ZZ组合技术是一种非常有希望的用于控制水体底泥中磷和氨氮释放的方法.     

铁碳微电解及沸石组合人工湿地的废水处理效果

铁碳微电解填料和沸石由于对废水中污染物具有良好的处理效果,因而被作为基质逐渐运用于人工湿地中.本研究构建了铁碳微电解填料+砾石（湿地A）、铁碳微电解填料+沸石（湿地B）、沸石（湿地C）以及砾石（湿地D）为基质的4组人工湿地,并利用间歇曝气对湿地系统进行增氧,探究不同填料对人工湿地废水处理效果的影响.结果表明,与湿地D相比,铁碳微电解填料显著提高了湿地出水的溶解氧含量（DO）（P<0.05）和pH（P<0.05）;4组人工湿地对有机物的去除率均达到95%以上,且各组间不存在显著性差异（P>0.05）;对TN而言,湿地A、B和C的平均去除率分别比湿地D提高了7.94%（P<0.05）、9.29%（P<0.05）和3.63%（P<0.05）,铁碳微电解填料和沸石对提升人工湿地TN去除效果的贡献率分别为73.55%和26.45%;各组湿地对NH₄⁺的平均去除率为67.93%~76.90%,与湿地D相比,其它3组湿地均明显改善了NH₄⁺的去除效果（P<0.05）;铁碳微电解填料对湿地NO₃^-的去除效果极佳,去除率高达99%以上,显著高于不添加铁碳微电解的人工湿地系统（P<0.05）.综合对碳氮污染物的处理效果来看,湿地B在间歇曝气的条件下对人工湿地中污染物去除效率最高.     

沸石覆盖原位控制湖泊内源中等活性有机磷迁移转化

为揭示湖泊内源中等活性有机磷(MLOP)控制与释放发生机制,采用室内模拟试验,研究沸石覆盖原位控制湖泊内源MLOP迁移转化影响因子.结果表明:酸性水体促进内源MLOP迁移,碱性条件下抑制其转化,不同pH值试验水体沉积物中内源MLOP相对浓度为:[MLOP/TP]pH8>[MLOP/TP]pH7>[MLOP/TP]pH6;温度明显提高内源MLOP迁移水平,低温水体相对高温水体沉积物中内源MLOP含量较低,5℃条件下内源MLOP迁移表观量最大,其随时间迁移量呈幂函数关系,可表示为[MLOP/TP]=0.2823T0.657(R2为0.9709);好氧或厌氧条件下,内源MLOP均发生迁移,且迁移特征和影响效能高度一致,迁移平衡后好氧环境内源MLOP和厌氧内源MLOP相对浓度呈线性相关,可表示为[MLOP/TP]好氧环境=1.0884[MLOP/TP]厌氧环境 -0.0271(R2为99895);光照因子促使内源MLOP迁移,而避光和沸石粒径因素对内源MLOP迁移影响较小;底栖生物颤蚓通过爬行、摄食、掘穴、栖所建造及分泌排泄等一系列活动影响内源MLOP迁移.沸石原位控制湖泊内源MLOP迁移转化效能较弱.